Kryzys, krytyka, mądrość. Kantowskie ujęcie mądrości i jego aktualność

Autonomy Of Science ◽

The Relationship ◽

Kantian Philosophy

The title concepts of criticism, crisis, and wisdom are taken from the paradigm of Kantian philosophy and are characterised in the development given by the contemporary philosopher Odo Marquard. In this connection I present the relationship between wisdom and thinking in the Enlightenment usage. The call for philosophy to be self-understanding in the sense of the Enlightenment Bildung and the autonomy of science and wisdom sounds particularly strong here. I conclude that philosophy becomes stupidity when it turns into a field that—because of some kind of philosophical fundamentalism—would like to become this one-sided attitude towards reality that eliminates and replaces other attitudes.

Disease and Civilization: A Scottish Atlantic Network of Physicians in the Enlightenment

Britain and the World ◽

10.3366/brw.2017.0275 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 197-216

Author(s):

Sarah Irving-Stonebraker

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Native Americans ◽

Early Nineteenth Century ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Historical Progress ◽

Practice Of Medicine ◽

Benjamin Rush ◽

American Physician ◽

The Relationship ◽

A Current

Through an examination of the extensive papers, manuscripts and correspondence of American physician Benjamin Rush and his friends, this article argues that it is possible to map a network of Scottish-trained physicians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Atlantic world. These physicians, whose members included Benjamin Rush, John Redman, John Morgan, Adam Kuhn, and others, not only brought the Edinburgh model for medical pedagogy across the Atlantic, but also disseminated Scottish stadial theories of development, which they applied to their study of the natural history and medical practices of Native Americans and slaves. In doing so, these physicians developed theories about the relationship between civilization, historical progress and the practice of medicine. Exploring this network deepens our understanding of the transnational intellectual geography of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century British World. This article develops, in relation to Scotland, a current strand of scholarship that maps the colonial and global contexts of Enlightenment thought.

Religion and Toleration from the Enlightenment to the Post-Secular Era

10.1093/oso/9780198798873.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rainer Forst

Keyword(s):

Immanuel Kant ◽

Recent Work ◽

Common Ground ◽

Fundamental Question ◽

Modern World ◽

Human Beings ◽

Human Reason ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Pierre Bayle ◽

This chapter addresses the classical question of the relationship between enlightenment and religion. In doing so, the chapter compares Jürgen Habermas's thought to that of Pierre Bayle and Immanuel Kant. For, although Habermas undoubtedly stands in a tradition founded by Bayle and Kant, he develops a number of important orientations within this tradition and has changed his position in his recent work. The chapter studies this change to understand Habermas's position better. It also draws attention to a fundamental question raised by the modern world: what common ground can human reason establish in the practical and theoretical domain between human beings who are divided by profoundly different religious (including antireligious) views?

Techniques of Translating A Watchful Distance by Zhou Guoping in China

Journal of Language Teaching and Research ◽

10.17507/jltr.0805.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 858

Author(s):

Min Liu

Keyword(s):

Network Theory ◽

Actor Network Theory ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Sociocultural Perspective ◽

Philosophical Literature ◽

Actor Network ◽

Cultural Elements ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Chinese philosophical literature is rarely introduced to foreign countries (Pohl, 1999, p. 303). Zhou Guoping, as a contemporary philosopher and essayist, has created essays with both depth and readability, and thus his works are deemed to be worthy of translation. This article aims to elaborate on the translator’s techniques for transferring Zhou Guoping’s famous collection of essays A Watchful Distance. Divided into four sections, this article uses actor-network theory as its theoretical framework and analyses the translator’s position in translation activities from sociocultural perspective, gives corresponding translating techniques to problems related to creativity, conventionalised expressions, utterances and Chinese cultural elements in this book, and draws a conclusion upon the relationship between cultural homogeneity and corresponding translating techniques underpinned by actor-network theory. By discussing specific translating techniques used for Zhou’s book, this article fills up the gap in the transfer techniques of A Watchful Distance to overseas cultures. However, the limitation lies in that the number of Zhou’s works studied are restricted.

Salvação do corpo. Sujeito e negatividade a partir da filosofia de Byung-Chul Han

Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira ◽

10.29386/reb.v80i316.2055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (316) ◽

pp. 441

Author(s):

Welder Lancieri Marchini ◽

Renan Silva Carletti

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

The Body ◽

Relationship Of ◽

O presente artigo discute a noçao de corpo a partir do filósofo contemporâneo Byung-Chul Han e como ela pode oferecer caminhos para pensar a constituição do sujeito na atualidade. Partiremos da exposição dos conceitos de positividade e negatividade descritos em A Sociedade do Cansaco e em outras obras do autor. Em seguida, abordaremos a relação do corpo com a liberdade e pornografia. Por último, mostraremos como a inserção e o reconhecimento do sujeito em suas relações sociais pode sugerir um caminho possível para ultrapassar o excesso de positividade característico de nossa época. Abstract: This article discusses the notion of body from the contemporary philosopher Byung-Chul Han and how it can offer ways to think about the subject’s constitution today. We will start from the exposition of the concepts of positivity and negativity described in The Burnout Socieity and other works by the author. Next, we will address the relationship of the body to freedom and pornography. Finally, we will show how the subject’s insertion and recognition in his social relations can suggest a possible way to overcome the excess of positivity characteristic of our time.Keywords: Freedom; Pornography; Subject; Transparency.

The Anti-Enlightenment Tradition as a Common Framework of Fascism and the Contemporary Far Right

Fascism ◽

10.1163/22116257-10010001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 16-51

Author(s):

Tamas Dezso Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Western World ◽

Far Right ◽

Western Countries ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Academic Publications ◽

Common Framework ◽

The Relationship ◽

Political Groups

Abstract The relationship between far-right political streams and fascism is a recurring topic in scientific literature. However, we find a low number of academic publications which try to create a framework for their similarities. This article uses Zeev Sternhell’s theory of fascism as a tool to measure different interpretations of fascism and the far right. According to its basic statement, there exists an anti-Enlightenment tradition in the Western world, which could serve as a substratum of these streams. This proves two points. Firstly, that there are several political groups which share a very similar political vision, even if their levels of aggression and radicalism are different. This is the reason why many neo-fascist, post-fascist, ‘populist’ and conservative parties have interchangeable rhetorical clichés and ideological patterns. Second, it shows that Western countries could successfully fight the rise of upcoming anti-democratic forces through strengthening the values of the Enlightenment-tradition.

1. After the expulsion

Jewish Literature: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780190076979.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

Ilan Stavans

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Jewish Literature ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Elias Canetti ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Relationship ◽

Natalia Ginzburg ◽

Area Of Study

“After the expulsion” looks at the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, along with the rise of the Enlightenment, as decisive moments in which Jews entered modernity. The literature of Crypto-Jews in the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas is worth looking at in this area of study, especially the memoir of Luis de Carvajal the Younger as are the literary manifestations of Sephardic writers such as Bulgarian writer Elias Canetti, Italian writer Natalia Ginzburg, Israeli writer A. B. Yehoshua, and Mexican writer Angelina Muniz-Huberman. There are similarities and differences in the relationship between the Ashkenazi and Sephardic branches in modern Jewish literature. Ladino is a language that evolved after the 1492 expulsion but lost steam in the twentieth century.

Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780192898821.003.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Kirsten Macfarlane

Keyword(s):

Unintended Consequences ◽

Religious Culture ◽

Theory Of Change ◽

The Bible ◽

Biblical Scholarship ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

The Reformation ◽

Key Issues ◽

Confessional Identity ◽

The introduction begins by outlining how Broughton’s modern reputation as an angry puritan was created over two centuries by a series of historians with various confessional motivations. Next, it analyses Broughton’s early life as a promising scholar at Cambridge, and explains key issues such as how his beliefs about scripture affected his attitudes to the Hebrew and Greek texts of the Bible. Finally, it summarizes the three major interventions of this book. The first concerns the relationship between scholars’ beliefs about scripture and the methods they used to study it. Broughton shows that it was possible to be an innovative exponent of the historical-philological method, while also believing that the Bible was infallible and verbally inspired; and that these positions could be mutually reinforcing. But while scholars like Broughton have generally been used as proof of the ‘unintended consequences’ theory of change from the Reformation to the Enlightenment, the introduction uses him to critique this theory. The second intervention concerns the relationship between confessional identity and historical scholarship, building on recent works that have emphasized the impossibility of theologically ‘neutral’ scholarship in this period by extending their findings into new areas such as chronology. Lastly, the third intervention concerns the relationship between elite neo-Latin biblical scholarship and vernacular lay religious culture in this period. It argues that biblical scholarship, even of the most demanding kind, deeply appealed to ordinary readers of scripture, and posits Broughton as a pioneer in the field of accessible, vernacular-oriented— but still highly scholarly—biblical criticism.

6. Religion

Goethe: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780199689255.003.0006 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 101-118

Author(s):

Ritchie Robertson

Keyword(s):

Immanuel Kant ◽

18Th Century ◽

Human Life ◽

Natural Religion ◽

Lutheran Church ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Good And Evil

Goethe was brought up in Frankfurt, a Protestant city where the Lutheran Church held sway, but was also introduced to key Enlightenment texts through his father’s extensive library. ‘Religion’ explains that an early Pietist phase strengthened the value that Goethe placed on tolerance in religious matters. Goethe’s standpoint was what the 18th century called ‘natural religion’. Goethe’s allegiance to the Enlightenment is seen in his work, including the poem ‘Prometheus’ (1774) and the neoclassical drama Iphigenie in Tauris (1786–7). Goethe seems to anticipate Nietzsche in viewing human life as ‘beyond good and evil’. What mattered to Goethe was individuality, which brings him close to the greatest contemporary philosopher, Immanuel Kant.

Puritan Radicalism and the Enlightenment

Church History ◽

10.2307/3161928 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 424-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George L. Mosse

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

World View ◽

Difficult Problem ◽

Point Of View ◽

Religious Truth ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

The World ◽

Christian Thought ◽

The Many ◽

The relationship between Christianity and the Enlightenment presents a subtle and difficult problem. No historian has as yet fully answered the important question of how the world view of the eighteenth century is related to that of traditional Christianity. It is certain, however, that the deism of that century rejected traditional Christianity as superstitious and denied Christianity a monopoly upon religious truth. The many formal parallels which can be drawn between Enlightenment and Christianity cannot obscure this fact. From the point of view of historical Christianity, both Protestant and Catholic, the faith of the Enlightenment was blasphemy. It did away with a personal God, it admitted no supernatural above the natural, it denied the relevance of Christ's redemptive task in this world. This essay attempts to discover whether traditional Christian thought itself did not make a contribution to the Enlightenment.