scholarly journals Prawo karne w państwie totalitarnym — casus Korei Północnej

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Monika Czechowska
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Political Speech ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Totalitarian State

Criminal law in a totalitarian state — a North Korean case studyIt is hard to imagine that in the 21st century there is a state in which a joke, a yawn during a political speech or singing pop songs is punishable by death, and for accidentally breaking the bust of the chief, putting newspaper with his image on the floor or other manifestations of “disobedience” one can be sent to a concentration camp with one’s whole family — three generations back. Meanwhile, it is not just an Orwellian vision of the world, but the North Korean reality.This article aims to analyze the North Korean penal code and, consequently, to find the answer to the question of whether criminal law in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is an instrument of a totalitarian state policy and, if so, of what kind.

Neoliberalism in Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Bruey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
21St Century ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Public Protest ◽  
The World ◽  
Privatization Of Education ◽  
Pinochet Dictatorship

Chile was one of the first countries in the world to undergo a transition to neoliberalism. Neoliberalism became official state policy in 1975, during the Pinochet dictatorship (1973–1990), during which time it generated two deep economic crises and historicall high unemployment. Since 1990, civilian administrations have continued to administer the neoliberal model, popularly referred to as el modelo, with selective reforms. Despite economic growth and reductions in poverty rates since 1990, el modelo has become ever more controversial. In the 21st century, public protest has increased as broad sectors of society negatively affected by the privatization of education, healthcare, and pension systems, among other ills, have organized collectively to express their discontent.

The Administration of Criminal Law in some Kenya African Courts

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Tennent
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
The North ◽  
District Council ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
Average Educational Level

The Kenya African Courts hear in a year about twice as many criminal charges as all the Magistrate's Courts of the Colony together, yet the nature of their functioning is very little known in legal circles. Their jurisdiction in criminal matters extends over some 27 sections of the Penal Code including theft and indecent assault, and over a large variety of offences under other laws, as well as over all African District Council By-laws. This paper aims to give a picture of certain illuminating peculiarities in their administration of this body of criminal law. It is based on the records of individual cases and on knowledge gained from hearing appeals from African Courts and on listening to cases being conducted. The North Nyanza Courts, where the material was gathered, are amongst the most advanced in Kenya, having a staff of elders and clerks of a higher average educational level than those of most other districts.

scholarly journals Current trends in global demographic processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergii Sardak ◽  
Maxim Korneyev ◽  
Vladimir Dzhyndzhoian ◽  
Tatyana Fedotova ◽  
Olha Tryfonova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
World Population ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Demographic Processes

Current local and national demographic trends have deepened the existing and formed new global demographic processes that have received a new historical reasoning that requires deep scientific research taking into account the influence of the multifactorial global dimension of the modern society development. The purpose of the article is to study the development of global demographic processes and to define the causes of their occurrence, manifestations, implications and prospects for implementation in the first half of the 21st century. The authors have identified and characterized four global demographic processes, namely population growth, migration, increase of tourism, and change in population structure. It is projected that in the 30’s of the 21st century, the number and growth rates of the world population will reach the objective growth and these dynamics over the next two decades will begin to change in the direction of reducing the growth rates, which will lead to gradual stabilization, and eventually reduce the size of the world population. By the middle of the 21st century, one can observe the preservation of the growth rates of international and domestic migration, the growth of international migration flows from the South to the North and from the East to the West, the strengthening of new economically developed centers of gravity (Canada, Australia and New Zealand), the increase in migration of rural population to cities, as well as urbanization and activation of the metropolises development. The share of international tourists in comparison with the world population will be constantly increasing, and the annual growth rate of the number of international tourists will significantly depend on the world economy and may vary at the several percent level. Permanent change will occur in the age, religious-cultural and socio-economic structure of the population.

Combating corruption in 21st century Poland - the success of state policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jacek Potulski
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Specialized Service ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The author describes the trends and legislative basis of Poland’s fight against corruption as legal and social phenomenon in the early 21st century. The consequences of legislative changes of substantive criminal law and a specialized service dedicated to the fight against corruption are outlined.

scholarly journals Criminal Code of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Recent Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Timur Sabitov ◽  
Irina Zhilko ◽  
Artem Gilyov
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
International Community ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Trends

Criminal law of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is not stagnant, it is developing under the influence of international community, and this dynamics is of special interest for research that analyzes changes to the Criminal Code of the DPRK with the goal of understanding if there is a trend in North Korea for getting closer to the world community. Naturally, the reclusiveness of the DPRK does not make any speedy changes in its criminal policy likely, and we can only expect an evolutionary transformation of the policy in this sphere. At the same time, there is no denying the fact that the criminal law of the DPRK is converging more and more with the international standards. The examination of the CC of the DPRK included the analysis of the following: norms-principles and norms-declarations within the law; the structure of North Korean criminal law; its specific legal institutes; the system of punishments under the CC of the DPRK; the responsibility for some types of crimes under this Code. The current CC of the DPRK, adopted in 1950 and amended fifteen times since then, fits harmoniously with the policy of the DPRK. A study of key clauses of the CC of the DPRK, which reveal the attitude of North Korean lawmakers to universally recognized legal values, showed that there is a clear indication of the DPRK’s rapproachment with the international community. It is evident that the criminal law of North Korea is improving. At the same time, although some trends observed in North Korean lawmaking can be viewed as positive from the standpoint of universally recognized legal values, some of its criminal law’s features still make it impossible to conclude that the country has radically changed its criminal policy.

Psychology from Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic Perspectives

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad A-L.H. Abou-Hatab
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

This paper presents the case of psychology from a perspective not widely recognized by the West, namely, the Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic perspective. It discusses the introduction and development of psychology in this part of the world. Whenever such efforts are evaluated, six problems become apparent: (1) the one-way interaction with Western psychology; (2) the intellectual dependency; (3) the remote relationship with national heritage; (4) its irrelevance to cultural and social realities; (5) the inhibition of creativity; and (6) the loss of professional identity. Nevertheless, some major achievements are emphasized, and a four-facet look into the 21st century is proposed.

Dancing Across the World Wide Web: Advocacy in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Williams Cronin ◽  
Ty Tedmon-Jones ◽  
Lora Wilson Mau
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The World

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

Eating NAFTA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyshia Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food System ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

In the two decades since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect, Mexico has seen an epidemic of diet-related illness. While globalization has been associated with an increase in chronic disease around the world, in Mexico, the speed and scope of the rise has been called a public health emergency. The shift in Mexican foodways is happening at a moment when the country’s ancestral cuisine is now more popular and appreciated around the world than ever. What does it mean for their health and well-being when many Mexicans eat fewer tortillas and more instant noodles, while global elites demand tacos made with handmade corn tortillas? This book examines the transformation of the Mexican food system since NAFTA and how it has made it harder for people to eat as they once did. The book contextualizes NAFTA within Mexico’s approach to economic development since the Revolution, noticing the role envisioned for rural and low-income people in the path to modernization. Examination of anti-poverty and public health policies in Mexico reveal how it has become easier for people to consume processed foods and beverages, even when to do so can be harmful to health. The book critiques Mexico’s strategy for addressing the public health crisis generated by rising rates of chronic disease for blaming the dietary habits of those whose lives have been upended by the economic and political shifts of NAFTA.

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