scholarly journals The future of the combustion engines from the sight of the 28th International Vienna Motor Symposium

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Hans LENZ
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ci Engines

Some important considerations from present discussion on the influence of the motorization on climate changes have been presented in the paper. On this background the most important tendencies in the combustion engines development have been described and illustrated with some examples. The comparison of the development potential of SI and CI engines were made and the tendencies in taking advantage of the energy sources were discussed.

Future Extreme Climates Projection over Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3887-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang He Gu ◽  
Zhong Bo Yu ◽  
Ji Gan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Huai River ◽  
The Future

This study projects the future extreme climate changes over Huang-Huai-Hai (3H) region in China using a regional climate model (RegCM4). The RegCM4 performs well in “current” climate (1970-1999) simulations by compared with the available surface station data, focusing on near-surface air temperature and precipitation. Future climate changes are evaluated based on experiments driven by European-Hamburg general climate model (ECHAM5) in A1B future scenario (2070-2099). The results show that the annual temperature increase about 3.4 °C-4.2 °C and the annual precipitation increase about 5-15% in most of 3H region at the end of 21st century. The model predicts a generally less frost days, longer growing season, more hot days, no obvious change in heat wave duration index, larger maximum five-day rainfall, more heavy rain days, and larger daily rainfall intensity. The results indicate a higher risk of floods in the future warmer climate. In addition, the consecutive dry days in Huai River Basin will increase, indicating more serve drought and floods conditions in this region.

The metalanguage of localization

Target ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The One

In recent years localization has become a popular concept in both translation practice and theory. It has developed a language of its own, which, however, still seems to be little known among translation scholars. What is more, being primarily an industry-based discourse, the terms related to localization are very fluid, which makes theorizing about it difficult. Therefore, the aim of this article is, first of all, to explain the basic terms of the metalanguage of localization, as they are used by both localization practitioners and scholars, and, secondly, to make this metalanguage more consistent by proposing some general definitions that cover the basic concepts in localization. This, in turn, should, on the one hand, facilitate scholar-to-practitioner communication and vice versa and, on the other, should result in concept standardization for training purposes. In the conclusions I link the present discussion of the metalanguage of localization to a more general debate on metalanguage(s) in Translation Studies and propose that in the future we might witness the emergence of a new discipline called Localization Studies.

scholarly journals Analysis of domestic and overseas carbon trading market

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Jianfang Zong ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Huiting Guo
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
The Future ◽  
Carbon Finance ◽  
Global Carbon

With the rapid development of international carbon finance, the carbon finance market has already been developed worldwide, including China, and has a very good development potential in the future. This paper first introduces the background of carbon trading, analyzes the domestic and overseas carbon trading market, and studies the construction framework of China's carbon trading market. This paper also elaborates the analysis of global carbon trading market development status. Finally, the analysis of China's carbon trading countermeasures are provided as per the aforesaid analysis results.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact on Hydropower Resources in Gauged and Ungauged Lithuanian River Catchments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3265
Author(s):  
Darius Jakimavičius ◽  
Gintaras Adžgauskas ◽  
Diana Šarauskienė ◽  
Jūratė Kriaučiūnienė
Keyword(s):  
River Runoff ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Hydroelectric Energy ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
The Future ◽  
River Catchments

Hydropower (potential and kinetic energy) is one of the most important renewable energy sources in the world. This energy is directly dependent on water resources and the hydrological cycle. Ongoing climate changes are likely to influence the availability/amount of this energy resource. The present study explores the relationship between climate changes and river runoff, projects future runoff in both gauged and ungauged river catchments, and then assesses how these alterations may affect the future hydropower resources in Lithuania. Runoff projections of the gauged rivers were evaluated applying Swedish Department of Climate hydrological model, and runoff of ungauged river catchments were estimated by created isoline maps of specific runoff. According to an ensemble of three climate models and two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios, runoff and hydroelectric energy projections were evaluated for two future periods (2021–2040, 2081–2100). The results demonstrated a decrease in future river runoff. Especially significant changes are expected according to the most pessimistic RCP8.5 scenario at the end of the century. The projected changes are likely to bring a negative effect on hydropower production in the country. These findings could help understand what kind of benefits and challenges water resource managers may face in the future.

scholarly journals Large scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the future Colombian energy system

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 115805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Pupo-Roncallo ◽  
Javier Campillo ◽  
Derek Ingham ◽  
Kevin Hughes ◽  
Mohammed Pourkashanian
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Future ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration

scholarly journals Sustainable Building: High Performance Timber Bridges

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1426
Author(s):  
Julio Vivas ◽  
Juan Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
The Future ◽  
Timber Bridges

Steel and concrete are fantastic materials that will continue to be fundamental in the future, but we cannot ignore their high energy costs and carbon footprint. As well as is expected a transition from fossils fuels to renewable energy sources, the change from fossil fuel-based building materials to renewables will also be inevitable in the future of construction.

scholarly journals Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transitions for Countries with Different Climates and Renewable Energy Sources Potentials

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Wang ◽  
Giulia Di Pietro ◽  
Xiaozhou Wu ◽  
Risto Lahdelma ◽  
Vittorio Verda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
The Future

Renewable energy sources (RES) are playing an increasingly important role in energy markets around the world. It is necessary to evaluate the benefits from a higher level of RES integration with respect to a more active cross-border transmission system. In particular, this paper focuses on the sustainable energy transitions for Finland and Italy, since they have two extreme climate conditions in Europe and quite different profiles in terms of energy production and demand. We developed a comprehensive energy system model using EnergyPLAN with hourly resolution for a reference year for both countries. The models include electricity, heat and transportation sectors. According to the current base models, new scenarios reflecting an RES increase in total fuel consumption have been proposed. The future shares of renewables are based on each nation’s potential. The outcomes of the new scenarios support the future national plans, showing how decarburization in an energy system can occur in relation to the European Roadmap 2030 and 2050. In addition, possible power transmission between Italy and Finland were investigated according to the vision of an integrated European energy system with more efficient cross-border activities.

scholarly journals The Impact of Powering an Engine with Fuels from Renewable Energy Sources including its Software Modification on a Drive Unit Performance Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markiewicz ◽  
Muślewski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The application of fuels from renewable energy sources for combustion engine powering involves a great demand for this kind of energy while its production infrastructure remains underdeveloped. The use of this kind of fuel is supposed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and the depletion of natural resources and to increase the share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption and thus support sustainable development in Europe. This study presents the results of research on selected performance parameters of transport by internal combustion engines including: power, torque, the emission of sound generated by the engine, the content of exhaust components (oxygen O2, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen dioxide NO2), and the content of particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emission. Three self-ignition engines were tested. The fuel injection controllers of the tested internal combustion engines were additionally adjusted by increasing the fuel dose and the load of air. The material used in the tests were mixtures of diesel oil and fatty acid methyl esters of different concentration. A statistical analysis was performed based of the results. The purpose of the work was to develop a resulting model for assessing the operation of engines fueled with biofuel and diesel mixtures while changing the vehicle's computer software. A computer simulation algorithm was also developed for the needs of the tests which was used to prognose the state of the test results for variable input parameters.

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