scholarly journals Garrison state structure of Egypt and its implications for growth and development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashar Khan ◽  
◽  
Hiba Shoaib ◽  
Fizza Fatima ◽  
Rimla Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
State Theory ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Leverage ◽  
The Military ◽  
Garrison State

Ever since Egypt’s independence in 1952, its military has enjoyed political leverage and patronage unparalleled to any other institution in the country. The domination of the military in the state’s civil apparatus can be deemed as a key factor that has undermined Egypt’s socio-economic growth and development. This paper, therefore, by employing Garrison State theory, formulated by Harold Laswell, aims to understand the ramifications of military domination on Egypt’s political economy. While examining its impact on the country’s macro-economy, the paper also examines the implication of military domination on Egypt’s socio-economic indicators, namely: health, education, income, and gender equality. Structuring the analysis on Amartya Sen’s schema of Development as Freedom, the paper concludes that diversification and democratization of the political structure are imperative to overcome the plight of underdevelopment in Egypt Keywords: Political Economy, Garrison State, Egypt, Military, Growth, Development, Freedom

scholarly journals Uniformed Services University Medical Student Mentorship Experiences and Gender From 2010 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1277-e1283
Author(s):  
Kerry Latham ◽  
Ting Dong ◽  
Deanna Schreiber ◽  
Dario Torre ◽  
Steve Durning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Academic Promotion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Military

Abstract Introduction Gender disparity in medicine has drawn increased attention in the form of root cause analysis and programmatic solutions with the goal of equity. Research indicates that mentoring, guidance, and support, which include the provision of social and academic guidance and support from more experienced practitioners, can mitigate challenges associated with gender disparity. The purpose of this study was to explore women medical students’ self-reports of mentorship during their time at Uniformed Services University (USU), if women report similar levels of mentorship as compared to men, and if levels of characteristics associated with mentoring (eg, social support, academic guidance) changed over time. Materials and Method Using data from the American Association of Medical College’s Graduate Questionnaire, a survey sent to all medical students prior to graduation, items were coded as related to mentorship, guidance, and support and analyzed to compare responses of female and male students from graduating USU classes of 2010–2017. Results No significant difference was found between experiences of female and male survey respondents. Equitable experiences were consistent across time for the 8 years of the study. Conclusions Although mentorship is cited as a key factor in mediating gender disparity in medicine, other STEM fields, and the military, the findings suggest that there is equity at the USU undergraduate medical education level. Further studies are needed to understand if disparities in mentorship experiences occur at other stages of a military physician’s career, such as graduate medical education, faculty and academic promotion levels.

State-Minority Contestations in Post-colonial Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Mansoor Mohamed Fazil
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Social Force ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Military

Abstract This research focuses on the issue of state-minority contestations involving transforming and reconstituting each other in post-independent Sri Lanka. This study uses a qualitative research method that involves critical categories of analysis. Migdal’s theory of state-in-society was applied because it provides an effective conceptual framework to analyse and explain the data. The results indicate that the unitary state structure and discriminatory policies contributed to the formation of a minority militant social force (the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam – The LTTE) which fought with the state to form a separate state. The several factors that backed to the defeat of the LTTE in 2009 by the military of the state. This defeat has appreciably weakened the Tamil minority. This study also reveals that contestations between different social forces within society, within the state, and between the state and society in Sri Lanka still prevail, hampering the promulgation of inclusive policies. This study concludes that inclusive policies are imperative to end state minority contestations in Sri Lanka.

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