Precious resources of Dark Continent: a New Status of African Literature or Regional Augment to World National Literatures?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Elena A. Markova ◽  

This article examines literary works of bilingual authors in Nigeria, who create their own national cultural worldviews through the language in which they write, thereby explaining why English in Nigeria is influenced by Nigerian culture. Nigeria is a country that has witnessed a cross-flow of linguistic change due to its inherent multilingualism combined with colonial experiences under British rule, a country where ethnic minorities were referred to as “oil minorities”. Although only two languages are recognized as official languages in Nigeria — Yoruba and English –the problem of multilingualism in Nigeria today remains unexplored, and where there is language contact, there must be a language conflict. Indeed, contiguous languages are often competitive languages and there is no language contact without language conflict. Moreover, the problem of linguistic contact and linguistic conflict exists at three different but interrelated levels: social, psychological and linguistic. The social aspect is related to such issues as the choice of language and its use, the psychological — to the attitude towards language, ethnicity, while the linguistic aspects are focused on the code switching, the donor language intervention, which the English language is. The language conflict has influenced the literary work of Nigerian writers writing in English, which has become an exoglossic language, superimposed on the indigenous languages of the Nigerian peoples. Thus, bilingualism in Nigeria can be considered semi-exoglossic, including English coupled with language mixing.

Author(s):  
Desi Pitriani ◽  
Sumiharti Sumiharti ◽  
Sujoko Sujoko

The purpose of this research is to analyze literary work in a form of film. This research is also aimed at describing the aspects of social interaction in the film G 30 S/PKI by Arifin C Noer. This research is descriptive qualitative which is described with utterances that are identifiel with social value aspect whether from narration of the paragraph or dialog which reveal the social aspect with social approach. The data in this research is film G 30 S/PKI by Arifin C Noer. From the research, it can be concluded that there are 40 utterances in the film G 30 S/PKI Karya Arifin C Noer. It is hoped that the social aspects in the film G 30 S/PKI by Arifin can be used as a guidance in our daily life. Key Word : interaction, social, film


2018 ◽  
Vol III (II) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Khalid Kamran ◽  
Qaiser Abbas Hashmi

The study examines socio-psychological orientations of students of technical education (commerce colleges, technology colleges, Technical training institutes, and vocational training institutes) towards the learning of English language. The study emphasizes the social psychological variables of attitude and motivation. In technical education the syllabus of English is different from the institutes of general education. The students of general education study English language till the last year of their graduation, while the students of commerce education study functional English in the 3rd year and business communication in 4th year. These courses relate to business correspondence. The study finds that students of technical education concentrate on learning of English for its utilitarian purpose. It is due to the reason that the absence of inadequate language policy and linguistic reality of Pakistan impact these essential socio- psychological elements of the student and his view point about English language learning. Further, students also like to learn English language due to 'instrumental' purpose or for the purpose to acculturate themselves with the target language society.


Diachronica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Guy

SUMMARY Many studies of linguistic change have drawn distinctions between contrasting types of change. Examples are the Neogrammarian distinction between regular sound change and borrowing, and Labov's contrast between 'change from above' and 'change from below'. A basic criterion for many such distinctions is whether or not language contact is involved in the genesis of a change. Recent works by Thomason & Kaufman (1988) and Van Coetsem (1988) suggest a further important distinction between contact-induced changes that arise through borrowing and those that arise from the imposition of native language habits on a second language. This paper attempts to summarize and critique some major proposals concerning change types, and provide a systematic synthesis that identifies three basic types: spontaneous change, borrowing, and imposition. Each is associated with a distinctive set of social, psychological, and linguistic characteristics, such as the social class distribution, whether speakers are consciously aware of the innovation, and the domains of language structure that are affected. Certain variable parameters that allow the further differentiation of subtypes are also explored, such as (in contact-induced change) the degree of bilingualism and the demographic balance between the languages, and (in spontaneous change) the possible coexistence of contrasting social interpretations of the innovation. RÉSUMÉ Dans les études consacrées au changement linguistique on trouve souvent un façon dichotomique lorsqu'on parle des différents types de changement. Les néogrammariens faisaient une distinction entre changement phonétique régulier et emprunt; Labov parle de l'opposition entre changement de 'en haut' et changement de 'en bas'. Le critère de base pour de telles dichotomies est si du contact linguistique est impliqué ou non dans la genèse d'un changement. Des travaux récents, notamment ceux de Thomason & Kaufman (1988) et Van Coetsem (1988), proposent une importante distinction supplémentaire, à savoir la distinction entre des changements provoqués par des contacts avec d'autres languages (qui prennent leur source dans l'emprunt) et des changements qui résultent d'une imposition des comportements linguistique d'un locuteur natif sur une langue seconde. Le présent article essaie un résumé critique de certains propositions majeures concernant les types de changement et présente un synthèse de ces ouvrages en identifiant trois types de base, à savoir le changement spontané, l'imprunt et l'imposition. Chaque type est associé avec en ensemble particulier de traits sociaux, psychologiques et linguistiques comme, par exemple, la stratification sociale, la question si les locuteurs sont conscients d'une innovation, et les domaines de la structure langagière atteints par un changement. L'article examine également certain paramètres variables qui permettent la différentiation supplémentaire en sous-types, comme le degré du bilingualis-me et la balance démographique entre les langues (au cas des changements provoqués par le contact) et la co-existence possible des interprétations sociales qui s'opposent d'une innovation donnée. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Viele Untersuchungen zum Sprachwandel haben eine Reihe von sich scharf untereinander unterscheidenden Arten der Sprachver ä nderung aufgestellt. Die Junggrammatiker unterschieden zwischen regul ä rem Lautwandel und Entleh-nung; Labov unterscheidet zwischen einem Wandel 'von oben' und einem Wandel 'von unten'. Grundkriterium für viele solcher Unterscheidungen ist ob Sprachkontakt in der Genese eines Wandels eine Rolle spielt oder nicht. Jüngst erschienene Arbeiten von Thomason & Kaufman (1988) und von Van Coet-sem (1988) schlagen eine weitere Unterscheidung vor, nämlich zwischen kon-takt-induzierten Veränderungen, die durch Entlehnung entstehen, und solchen, die ihren Ursprung in der Imposition von spezifischen Sprachgewohnheiten auf eine zweite Sprache haben. Der vorliegende Aufsatz versucht, eine kritische Übersicht über die wichtigsten Vorschläge bezüglich Sprachverände-rungstypen zu bieten und eine Synthese, die drei Haupttypen herausstellt: spontaner Wandel, Entlehnung und Imposition. Jeder Typ wird mit bestimm-ten sozialen, psychologischen und linguistischen Kriterien in Verbindung gebracht, z.B. solchen der soziologischen Schichtung, ob Sprecher sich einer Neuerung bewußt sind und welche Teile der Sprachstruktur betroffen sind. Ebenfalls untersucht werden gewisse veränderliche Parameter, die eine weitere Untergruppierung der Typen ermöglicht, wie etwa der Grad von Zweispra-chigkeit und der demographische Ausgleich zwischen den jeweiligen Sprachen (im Falle von kontaktinduziertem Wandel) und die mögliche Koexistenz von sich widersprechenden gesellschaftlichen Auslegungen einer bestimmten Neuerung (im Falle spontanem Wandels).


2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Thomas Ricento

This is a collection of 21 essays from the 20th International L.A.U.D. (Linguistic Agency University of Duisburg) Symposium, held from Feb. 28 to March 3, 1995, at the University of Duisburg, Germany. In the words of the editor of the collection, the authors “explore the relations between social, psychological and (socio)linguistic aspects of language contact and language conflict situations both from a theoretical and an applied linguistics perspective” (x). The volume is divided into four sections: “Sociolinguistic and linguistic issues,” “Language policy and language planning,” “Language use and attitudes towards language(s),” and “Code-switching: One speaker, two languages.” Rather than discuss all 21 articles, I will focus on several whose themes are relevant to a number of areas of sociolinguistics.


2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaël De Clercq ◽  
Charlotte Michel ◽  
Sophie Remy ◽  
Benoît Galand

Abstract. Grounded in social-psychological literature, this experimental study assessed the effects of two so-called “wise” interventions implemented in a student study program. The interventions took place during the very first week at university, a presumed pivotal phase of transition. A group of 375 freshmen in psychology were randomly assigned to three conditions: control, social belonging, and self-affirmation. Following the intervention, students in the social-belonging condition expressed less social apprehension, a higher social integration, and a stronger intention to persist one month later than the other participants. They also relied more on peers as a source of support when confronted with a study task. Students in the self-affirmation condition felt more self-affirmed at the end of the intervention but didn’t benefit from other lasting effects. The results suggest that some well-timed and well-targeted “wise” interventions could provide lasting positive consequences for student adjustment. The respective merits of social-belonging and self-affirmation interventions are also discussed.


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