Subclinical hypothyroidism: treat or watch?

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
I. A. Tsanava ◽  
S. V. Bulgakova ◽  
A. V. Melikova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

Manifest hypothyroidism occurs in more than 5 % of the population, while prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is much higher and reaches 15 %. In the practice of an endocrinologist, in most cases, the diagnosis and treatment of manifest hypothyroidism does not raise questions, while subclinical changes in thyroid hormones quite often generate a lot of discussions. The generally accepted reference range for TSH up to 4.50 μIU / ml is in conflict with data showing that more than 95 % of healthy people with euthyroidism have serum TSH levels up to 2.5 μIU / ml. At the same time, a lot of data has been accumulated on the effect of even slightly altered levels of thyroid hormones and TSH on various tissues, organs and systems of the body, especially on the cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems. This review analyzes the results of studies aimed at studying the relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, cognitive disorders, pathology of pregnant women.

scholarly journals Relationship of TSH with BMI in subclinical hypothyroid patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4193-4198
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) synthesized by thyroid gland and play an essential role in normal body development and tissue metabolism. Iodine is an essential factor that is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated by Negative feedback mechanism. After reached in blood circulation the majority of T4 and T3 bound with carrier proteins called thyroxine binding proteins (TBG) which shows higher affinity for T4. The common diseases related to thyroid hormones include Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, goiter, nodes, and tumors of thyroid glands (benign and malignant). Subclinical hypothyroidism also called mild thyroid failure is defined as normal thyroid hormones but mildly elevated TSH (5 – 10 uIU/ml) with no or mild sign and symptoms. The thyroid disorders are more prevalent in females than males. Hypothyroidism is associated with obesity and various studies conducted to find out the relationship between TSH and BMI observed different finding in the particular study. In the present study, a poor positive correlation between TSH and BMI was observed in the total euthyroid subjects. A poor negative association between TSH and BMI in euthyroid males and poor positive (r value – 0.21) relationship was observed in euthyroid females. In Subclinical hypothyroid patients (total, male and female), Poor negative correlation was observed between TSH and BMI. The conclusion of this study is, as TSH increased the BMI will also increase in (mostly females) euthyroid subjects. The Inverse or poor negative correlation was observed within TSH and BMI among euthyroid males and an inverse correlation was noticed in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals The Clinical Implications of Thyroid Hormones and its Association with Lipid Profile: A Comparative Study from Western Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankush Mittal ◽  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Nishida Chandrasekharan ◽  
Sanjeev Dwedi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tsh Levels

BackgroundThyroid dysfunction is one of the major public health problems in Nepal. Laboratory tests facilitate early diagnosis before clinical features are obvious, increased sensitivity carries the price of decreased diagnostic specificity. Laboratory tests coupled with supportive clinical findings are frequently used to diagnose thyroid dysfunction. Historically, hypercholesterolemia and raised serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been found to be associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. Therefore, assessment of altered lipid profile plays a supportive role in diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. The aim of our study was to find out the variations of thyroid hormones and lipid profile in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism with their clinical implications.Materials and Methods  It was a hospital based retrospective study carried out from the  data  retrieved  from  the  register  maintained  in  the Department of Biochemistry of the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st July, 2009 and 30th June, 2010. The variables collected were age, gender, T4, T3, TSH, fT4, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis of data.Results122 out of the 365 subjects selected for the study had some form of thyroid disorder. Of the 122 cases, 40 had hyperthyroidism, 42 had hypothyroidism and the remaining 40 were diagnosed to have subclinical hypothyroidism.  The frequency of thyroid disorders was much higher in females as compared to their male counterparts. The mean value of each variable in cases, except for age, was statistically significant as compared to controls (p=0.001). Elevated levels of total T3 (CI 2.14 to 2.59), T4 (CI 13.00 to 15.30) and fT4 (CI 2.51 to 2.81) associated with decreased TSH levels (CI 0.29 to 0.35) were found in cases of hyperthyroidism. The TSH values (CI 17.05 to 22.85) were markedly increased while T4 and T3 values were found to be less than the reference range in cases of hypothyroidism. There was significant increase in the mean concentration of total cholesterol (CI 268.83 to 289.79) and triglycerides (CI 154.81to 182.05) in cases of hypothyroidism. The fT4 (CI 1.08 to 1.22) levels were in reference range and TSH levels (CI 9.59 to 10.50) were moderately raised in cases of subclinical hypothyroidism.ConclusionThyroid dysfunction is common across all age groups and shows a strong female preponderance in Pokhara valley. It necessitates the measurement of thyroid hormones in women after the age of 50, in pregnancy and after delivery, and in women and men with hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, timely screening and check ups are necessary in order to curtail the problem of undiagnosed cases, giving specific consideration to patients who have high artherogenic profile. This will reduce the risk of future negative health events in older adults.Key Words: Thyroid hormones; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Lipid profile; NepalDOI: 10.3126/nje.v1i1.4102Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2010;1 (1):11-16

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METABOLIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICATORS AFTER CORRECTION BY ALLOGENIC HEPATOCYTES IN ACUTE TOXIC, ISCHEMIC AND ALCOHOL LIVER INJURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Е. S. Litvinova ◽  
A. I. Konoplya ◽  
I. M. Kholimenko ◽  
A. G. Kotsar’
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Immune disorders arising from liver damage of various origins and the mechanisms of their development are still poorly understood. The functions of the immune system are carried out against the background of metabolic processes and their shifts caused by the action of various agents on the body, as well as liver cells - hepatocytes. Typical metabolic changes that occur when the liver is affected by various toxic factors are combined with certain features of metabolic disorders in certain organs and tissues, due to the specifics of their structural and functional organization, the nature of the inducing agent and the primary link of its effect on cells and the body as a whole. The relationship of numerous metabolic changes, violations of the functional activity of hepatocytes arising in such a pathology with the dysfunction of the immune system has not yet been sufficiently studied, as well as the most effective methods of correction have not been established. Currently, the issues of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute liver diseases remain among the most relevant in medicine, both due to the complexity of diagnosis and the choice of optimal treatment methods, and the tendency towards an increase in the number of patients with these diseases. The emergence and development of cellular technologies have created serious scientific prerequisites in this area.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF MASS OF THE BODY, FISHERY LENGTH AND THE FISH – PRODUCTIVITY OF ONE-YEARS OF PIKEPERCH BY THE BREEDING THEM IN PONDS FOR CARPS

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 014-021
Author(s):  
Saya K. Koyshibaeva ◽  
◽  
Shokhan A. Alpeyisov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Fedorov ◽  
Nina S. Badryzlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fish Productivity

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.

The Psychology of Memory in Spenser's Faerie Queene

PMLA ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Boughner
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
World City ◽  
Faerie Queene ◽  
Extended Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Faerie Queene

From Plato and Aristotle, Hippocrates and Galen, through the medieval commentators, the Elizabethans inherited a body of complex psychological principles. An examination of these principles and their bearing on The Faerie Queene has so far been only casual and incidental. Since in Book ii, Canto ix, the poet combines one of the most widely used of medieval motifs—the conception of the body as a world, city, or castle—with certain current doctrines of psychology, such an inquiry is especially apposite. Spenser's use of the abundant contemporaneous literature of psychology affords material for an extended treatment such as that which Miss Anderson has made of Shakespeare's plays. The present study purposes to set forth one aspect of his system of psychology—his psychology of memory in the allegory of the Castle of Alma, to make clear the relationship of his system to the current Elizabethan doctrines, and to establish the purpose of certain departures from those doctrines.

Homeopathic Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism—A Series of 19 Cases

Homeopathy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Esteves Grelle ◽  
Luiz Antonio Bastos Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Clinical Problem ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

Abstract Background Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common clinical problem. Controversy surrounds the definition, clinical importance, and need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of the mild form of SCH. Aim The aim of the study was to analyze the evolution of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after a therapeutic homeopathic intervention in women older than 40 years with SCH. Methods This study is a retrospective series of 19 cases of SCH, with serum TSH levels between 5 and 10 mIU/L, treated exclusively with homeopathic medicines prescribed on an individualized basis. Results Nineteen patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their mean age was 56 years, they were followed for a mean duration of 69 months, the mean number of serum TSH level measurements was 18, and the intervention was successful for 13 patients. Conclusion The homeopathic therapeutic intervention was successful in 68% of the patients, with serum TSH levels back within the normal range (0.5–5.0 mIU/L).

The Materiality of the Text and Manuscript Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Martin Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Human Person ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Manuscript Culture ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Materiality Of The Text ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the significance of the manuscripts of Virgil and other classical poets that Dante might have read. Calling attention to the presence of musical notation (neumes) in copies that share the particular Virgilian readings Dante quotes, this essay explores the resonance of one of those passages (Aeneas’ dream of Hector) in Dante’s poem. It shows how Dante uses this Virgilian episode to craft his encounter with Manfred where he considers the relationship of body and soul that constitutes one of the major differences between classical and Christian thought, as Augustine frequently noted. Just as Christian anthropology maintains that the body constitutes an essential element of the human person, this essay argues that the materiality of the texts Dante read constitutes a crucial source for understanding how Dante interpreted these texts.

The development of the lamb with particular reference to the alimentary tract

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. Thirty Suffolk × Half bred lambs were slaughtered at the following ages: two twin lambs at birth and two singles and two twins at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 16 weeks of age.2. The following weights were recorded: live-weight immediately before slaughter; and carcass, head, skin, feet, alimentary tract, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and trachea, and blood immediately afterwards.3. The alimentary tract was emptied and weighed in four separate parts; reticulo-rumen, omasum-abomasum, small intestine, large intestine.4. The volumes of the reticulo-rumen and the omasum-abomasum were measured by immersing in water and filling the organs with water to 2 cm. pressure.5. The in vitro digestive efficiency of rumen liquor from lambs of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age was assessed.6. Empty body weight was considered to be valuable in comparing animals of different ages or from different feeding regimes or at different times of the year because variations in gut ‘fill’ were eliminated.7. There were no differences between singles and twins in the relationship of the fresh weights of the parts of the body to empty body weight, except that development of the liver and the blood was rather slower for singles.8. Little evidence was found of a difference in rate of development of the alimentary tract between singles an d twins, although the log an d square root transformation suggested a possible difference in reticulo-rumen size in favour of twins, significant at the 5% level.

scholarly journals The brain as a fundamental axis in learning process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Luis Raul Meza Mendoza ◽  
María Elena Moya Martinez ◽  
Angelica Maria Sabando Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Scheme ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Learning Schemes ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Way

Since the beginning of humanity, an attempt has been made to explain the way in which man acquires knowledge, the way in which he assimilates, processes and executes it in order to develop the teaching-learning process that people need throughout of his life, which forces to change the learning schemes using new study methodologies, such as neuroscience, which is a discipline that studies the functioning of the brain, the relationship of neurons to the formation of synapses creating immediate responses which transmits to the body voluntarily and involuntarily, in addition to controlling the central and peripheral nervous system with their respective functions. It is necessary to change the traditional scheme and implement new strategies that allow the teacher to venture into neuroscience, in order to individually understand the different learning processes that students do. As some authors of neuroscience say, the brain performs processes of acquisition, storage and evocation of information, which form new knowledge schemes that generate changes in the attitude of the human being, for this reason teachers are responsible for taking advantage of what It is known about the multiple functions of the brain and be clear about the various ways of acquiring knowledge.

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