scholarly journals Padrões iniciais na aquisição do sistema de sons do português: características universais e específicas

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Reis Teixeira

Adopting a strictly motor approach to linguistic organization, the theoretical proposal called Molde e Conteúdo (Davies & Macneilage 1995; Macneilage & Davies 1966) argues that the first child production akin to adult speech – canonical babbling – can be seen as a motor correlate of the molde silábico. Moldes constitute a rhythmic basis catalyzing specific syllabic or segmental sequences. The independent motor control of such elements emerges gradually from jaw/tongue synergies with which the child initiates a type of vocal production similar to the adult’s. In the acquisition of speech production skills, then, changes in the quality of sounds in an utterance are initially based in changes in the amplitude of the jaw opening/closing cycle, i.e., they determine intra-syllabic organization. Syllables sequences, in turn, comprise vocalic and consonantal qualities produced in homorganic articulation places (i.e. front consonants with front vowels; back consonants with back vowels), as demonstrated child data derived from six different linguistic communities – English, Swedish, French, Japanese (in the Stanford database), Brazilian Portuguese (Teixeira & Davies 1999) e Equatorial Quichua (Gildersleeve-Neumann, doctoral dissertation in preparation, U. Texas, Austin). In general, the data on Brazilian Portuguese acquisition are comparable to production universal patterns reported for children in different languages, but also show specific characteristics due to the ambient language pressure.

Author(s):  
Fahmi Yunistyawan ◽  
Yunistyawan J Berchmans ◽  
Gembong Baskoro

This study implements the auto start control system on an electric motor 3 phase C4Feeding pump when the discharge pressure is low-low (4.3 kg /cm²). The C4 feeding pumpmotor was initially manually operated from the local control station, this was very ineffectiveand inefficient because it still relied on the field operator to operate the pump motor and whenthe plant was in normal operating it is very risk if the field operator late to operate motor then itwill impact to quality of the product, and if the delay time to operate motor is too long then planthave to shut down, therefore improvement is needed in the C4 feeding pump motor controlsystem. In this paper, various types of 3-phase motor control are explained which allow it to beapplied to the C4 feeding pump motor that are on-off, inverter, and variable speed drive andefficient selection of the three systems control of the motor. Software and hardware used in thisthesis work are DCS CENTUM VP Yokogawa.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 2371-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K Franken ◽  
Daniel J Acheson ◽  
James M McQueen ◽  
Peter Hagoort ◽  
Frank Eisner

Previous research on the effect of perturbed auditory feedback in speech production has focused on two types of responses. In the short term, speakers generate compensatory motor commands in response to unexpected perturbations. In the longer term, speakers adapt feedforward motor programmes in response to feedback perturbations, to avoid future errors. The current study investigated the relation between these two types of responses to altered auditory feedback. Specifically, it was hypothesised that consistency in previous feedback perturbations would influence whether speakers adapt their feedforward motor programmes. In an altered auditory feedback paradigm, formant perturbations were applied either across all trials (the consistent condition) or only to some trials, whereas the others remained unperturbed (the inconsistent condition). The results showed that speakers’ responses were affected by feedback consistency, with stronger speech changes in the consistent condition compared with the inconsistent condition. Current models of speech-motor control can explain this consistency effect. However, the data also suggest that compensation and adaptation are distinct processes, which are not in line with all current models.


1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-906
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuoka

In developing the Accident Proneness Prediction Test to measure motor control skills related to safety aptitudes subjects were instructed to draw on a sheet of paper as many circles as possible within a limited amount of time. The responses were scored in terms of the speed and quality (irregularities) of the produced circles. Although 103 accident-prone drivers produced more circles than the 178 good drivers, the quality of performance of the accident-prone drivers was poorer than that of the good drivers. Based on this validity study, we proposed these predictive criteria for further testing of accident proneness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Cássio Faria da Silva ◽  
Amanda Pontes Rassi ◽  
Jackson Wilke da Cruz Souza ◽  
Renata Ramisch ◽  
Roger Alfredo de Marci Rodrigues Antunes ◽  
...  

Abstract: Argumentation is something inherent to human beings and essential to written and spoken communication. Because of the popularization of Internet access, social media are one of the main means of creation and profusion of argumentative texts in various fields, such as politics. As a way to contribute to research related to the assessment of the quality of argumentation in Portuguese, we aim in this paper to propose and validate criteria and guidelines for the assessment of the quality of argumentation in Twitter posts in the domain of politics. For this purpose, a corpus was produced and annotated with tweets whose content is related to the Brazilian political scenario. The texts were collected in the first months of 2021, resulting in 1,649,674 posts. From the analysis of a sample, we defined linguistic criteria that would potentially characterize relevant aspects of the rhetorical dimension of argumentation, namely: (i) Clarity, (ii) Arrangement, (iii) Credibility, and (iv) Emotional appeal. After this phase of analysis, we proposed the annotation of a new set of 400 tweets, by four annotators. As a result, an agreement of around 70% for three out of four annotators was obtained. It is worth noting that this is the first work that proposes linguistic criteria for the evaluation of the quality of argumentation in social medias for Brazilian Portuguese. It is intended to construct a computer model that can automatically evaluate the quality of argumentation in social media messages, such as Twitter, based on the establishment of linguistic criteria, annotation rules, and annotated corpus.Keywords: argumentation; corpus; quality; rhetorical dimension; tweets; politics.Resumo: A argumentação é algo inerente ao ser humano e essencial para a comunicação escrita e falada. Por conta da popularização do acesso à Internet, as redes sociais são um dos principais meios de criação e profusão de textos argumentativos de vários domínios, como a política. Como forma de contribuir com as pesquisas relacionadas à avaliação da qualidade da argumentação em português, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor e validar critérios e diretrizes para a avaliação da qualidade da argumentação em postagens no Twitter no domínio da política. Para tanto, produziu-se um corpus anotado com tweets cujo conteúdo relaciona-se ao cenário político brasileiro. Os textos foram coletados nos primeiros meses de 2021, resultando em 1.649.674 postagens. A partir da análise de uma amostra, foram definidos critérios linguísticos que potencialmente caracterizariam aspectos relevantes da dimensão retórica da argumentação, a saber: (i) Clareza, (ii) Organização, (iii) Credibilidade e (iv) Apelo emocional. Após essa fase de análise, propôs-se a anotação de um novo conjunto de 400 tweets, por quatro anotadores. Como resultado, obteve-se uma concordância de cerca de 70% entre 3 dos 4 anotadores. Vale ressaltar que esse é o primeiro trabalho que propõe critérios linguísticos para a avaliação da qualidade da argumentação em redes sociais para o português brasileiro. A partir da definição dos critérios linguísticos, diretrizes de anotação e corpus anotado, espera-se construir um modelo computacional que possa avaliar automaticamente a qualidade da argumentação em textos de redes sociais, como o Twitter.Palavras-chave: argumentação; corpus; qualidade; dimensão retórica; tweets; política.


2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1658) ◽  
pp. 20130395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Turk ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel

In the first part of the paper, we summarize the linguistic factors that shape speech timing patterns, including the prosodic structures which govern them, and suggest that speech timing patterns are used to aid utterance recognition. In the spirit of optimal control theory, we propose that recognition requirements are balanced against requirements such as rate of speech and style, as well as movement costs, to yield (near-)optimal planned surface timing patterns; additional factors may influence the implementation of that plan. In the second part of the paper, we discuss theories of timing control in models of speech production and motor control. We present three types of evidence that support models of speech production that involve extrinsic timing. These include (i) increasing variability with increases in interval duration, (ii) evidence that speakers refer to and plan surface durations, and (iii) independent timing of movement onsets and offsets.


1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Robbins ◽  
John Christensen ◽  
Gail Kempster

Voice onset time (VOT) and vowel duration characteristics of speakers following the Singer-Blom technique of tracheoesophageal puncture (1980) were compared to those of traditional esophageal and laryngeal speakers. Fifteen subjects in each of the three speaker groups produced the words /pik/, /kup/, and /kup/ in a carrier phrase while audio recordings were obtained. Broadband spectrograms were made of the consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) utterances and vowel duration and VOT were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures revealed that the tracheoesophageal speakers produced significantly shorter VOTs and longer vowel durations than the laryngeal speakers. However, the longer vowel durations for the traeheoesophageal speakers were not completely accounted for by the shorter VOTs found for that group. Spectrographic examination suggests that delayed voice offset time for the tracheoesophageal speakers also contributes to their longer vowel durations. Overall findings indicate that the physical characteristics and motor control properties of the neoglottis, even when driven by pulmonary air as in tracheoesophageal speakers, exert a major influence on alaryngeal voice production.


2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 48-54.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia de Almeida Correia ◽  
Aluísio Andrade-Lima ◽  
Paulo Longano Mesquita de Oliveira ◽  
Rômulo Martins Domiciano ◽  
Wagner Jorge Ribeiro Domingues ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. E9-E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Charous ◽  
Cynthia L. Cornelia ◽  
Wenqing Fan

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Fernandes Oliveira ◽  
Berenice Cataldo Oliveira Valério ◽  
Valéria Cavalcante ◽  
Jessica Julioti Urbano ◽  
Anderson Soares Silva ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective To perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMGS) to Brazilian Portuguese in accordance with international ethical standards. Methods The following steps were taken: (1) implementation of the translation protocol and transcultural adaptation, (2) validation of the adapted content, and (3) assessment of reliability. To check intra- and inter-observer reproducibility, each patient underwent two interviews with interviewer-A and one with B. The QMGS was compared to the Myasthenia Gravis Composite Scale and Myasthenia-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results Our study group consisted of 30 patients, with a mean age of 47.6±11.4 years and a mean duration of illness of 11.33±8.49 years. Correlation between the QMGS and MGC was very strong (r = 0.928; p < 0.001) and substantial between the QMGS and MG-QOL 15 (r = 0.737; p < 0.001). Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese translation, and validation of the QMGS was successfully performed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Conti

ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment is a common dysfunction after neurological injury. Cognitive assessment tools can help the therapist understand how impairments are affecting functional status and quality of life. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify instruments for cognitive assessment that Occupational Therapists (OT) can use in clinical practice. Methods: The instruments published in English and Portuguese between 1999 and 2016 were systematically reviewed. Results: The search identified 17 specific instruments for OT not validated in Brazilian Portuguese, 10 non-specific instruments for OT not validated in Brazilian Portuguese, and 25 instruments validated for Portuguese, only one of which was specific for OT (Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment). Conclusion: There are few assessment cognitive tools validated for use in the Brazilian culture and language. The majority of the instruments appear not to be validated for use by OT in clinical practice.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document