scholarly journals constituents introduced by theming markers in French in the face of anteposed spatio-temporal complements

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Tom Velghe
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Truth Values ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Pitch Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Prosodic Boundary

This paper discusses the prosodic properties of sentence-initial spatio-temporal adverbials and of PPs introduced by so-called 'thematic markers' (TMCs), such as en ce qui concerne ('as for') or du point de vue de ('with regard to'). Their function is to indicate the aboutness-topic (a.o. Reinhart 1981, Gundel 1989, Lambrecht 1994) (1) or the topic Chinese style (Chafe 1976) (2). (1) Concernant le programme, il doit différer selon les universités et les profs. (2) Mais quand on peut il faut impérativement regarder BBC News. En ce moment, au niveau de l'info, ils sont vraiment au top. (YCCQA, De Smet 2009) Mertens (2008) hypothesizes that in certain syntactic constructions such as left dislocations, (pseudo-)clefts and certain adjuncts, the articulation between the left detached element (the dislocated element, the focus of the cleft, the adjunct) and the main clause is followed by a major prosodic boundary, i.e. they end on a relative high pitch level. It appears from our corpus that most TMCs end on such a major prosodic boundary (73%). As for sentence-initial spatio-temporal PPs, only 41% end on a major prosodic boundary. There are two important differences between TMCs and sentence-initial spatio-temporal PPs which explain that a strong prosodic boundary at the end of a TMC is more frequent than at the end of sentence-initial spatio-temporal adverbials. Semantically, sentence-initial spatio-temporal adverbials always limit the application range of the main clause, but not all TMCs affect the truth values of the proposition. Some can be omitted without changing the signification of the clause. On the syntactic level, sentence-initial spatio-temporal adverbials can always appear in the scope of a cleft or can be moved towards the end of the utterance without the proposition becomes ungrammatical. TMCs which affect the truth values of the proposition can also appear in the scope of the cleft or can be moved to the end of the proposition. TMCs which do not affect the truth values of the proposition do not allow these syntactic tests. Possibility of clefting, movement and specification of the main clause are used as tests (a.o. Melis 1983, Blanche-Benveniste et al. 1990) to show whether a constituent is linked to the verb phrase. This paper shows that sentence-initial spatial-temporal PPs are linked to the verb phrase, but that this is not the case for all TMCs. These syntactic and semantic observations explain the high frequency of the strong prosodic boundary at the end of a TMC.

scholarly journals Position Estimation of a PMSM in an Electric Propulsion Ship System Based on High-Frequency Injection

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfen Bai
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Rotor Position

To improve the operating performance of electric propulsion ships, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is commonly used as the propulsion motor. Additionally, position estimation without sensors can further improve the application range of the propulsion motor and the estimated results can represent the redundancy of measured values from mechanical sensors. In this paper, the high-frequency (HF) injection algorithm combined with the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) is presented on the basis of analyzing the structure of the electric propulsion ship and the vector control of the motors. The position and rotor speed were estimated accurately by the approximate calculation of q-axis currents directly related to the rotor position. Moreover, the harmonics in the estimated position were effectively reduced by the introduction of the second-order generalized integrator. Then, the rotor position estimation algorithm was verified in MATLAB/Simulink by choosing different low speeds including speed reversal, increasing speed, and increasing load torque. Finally, the correctness of the proposed improved high-frequency injection algorithm based on the second-order generalized integrator was verified by the experimental propulsion permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system at low speed.

Foregrounding of subordinate clauses by word order: Psycholinguistic evidence of the function of V>Adv (V2) word order in Danish

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-273
Author(s):  
Marie Herget Christensen ◽  
Tanya Karoli Christensen ◽  
Torben Juel Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Clause Complex

AbstractIn modern Danish, main clauses have the word order X>Verb>Adverb (i. e., V2) whereas subordinate clauses are generally characterized by the “subordinate clause” word order Subject>Adverb>Verb. Spoken Danish has a high frequency of “main clause” word order in subordinate clauses, however, and in the article we argue that this “Main Clause Phenomena” (cf. Aelbrecht et  al. 2012) functions as a foregrounding device, signaling that the more important information of the clause complex is to be found in the subordinate clause instead of in its matrix clause.A prediction from the foregrounding hypothesis is that a subordinate clause with Verb>Adverb word order will attract more attention than a clause with Adverb>Verb word order. To test this, we conducted an experiment under the text change paradigm. 59 students each read 24 constructions twice, each containing a subordinate clause with either Verb>Adverb or Adverb>Verb word order. Half of the subordinate clauses were governed by a semifactive predicate (open to both word orders) and the other half by a semantically secondary sentence (in itself strongly favoring Verb>Adverb word order). Attention to the subordinate clause was tested by measuring how disinclined the participants were to notice change of a word in the subordinate clause when re-reading it.Results showed significantly more attention to Verb>Adverb clauses than to Adverb>Verb clauses (though only under semifactive predicates), and more attention to subordinate clauses under semantically secondary than semifactive predicates. We consider this as strongly supporting the hypothesis that Verb>Adv word order functions as a foregrounding signal in subordinate clauses.

Concurrent models and cross-linguistic analogies in the study of prepositional stranding in French in Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO OTHEGUY
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Historical Source

Prepositions can be found with and without adjacent complements in many forms of popular spoken French. The alternation appears in main clauses (il veut pas payer pour ça ~ il veut pas payer pour “he doesn't want to pay for [it]”) and, though with a more restricted social and geographic distribution, in relative clauses (j'avais pas personne avec qui parler ~ j'avais pas personne à parler avec “I had no one to whom to talk ~ I had no one to talk to”). In main clauses, the variant lacking the adjacent complement is said to have an orphaned preposition (il veut pas payer pour); in relatives, it is said to have a stranded preposition (j'avais pas personne à parler avec). In popular spoken French in Canada, stranding appears to be much more frequent than in other Francophone areas. Because so many French speakers in Canada are bilingual, because of the high frequency of stranding, and no doubt also because stranding violates prescriptive norms, stranded prepositions in French in Canada are widely believed to be instances of English influence (e.g. j'avais pas personne à parler avec is regarded as modeled on I had no one to talk to). But in a masterly variationist treatment, Poplack, Zentz and Dion (2011, this issue) argue that Canadian stranding is not of English origin. Stranded Canadian prepositions represent, instead, the expansion to relative clauses of the ordinary main-clause orphans. The historical source for Canadian stranding is thus analogy-induced and internal (French orphans), not contact-induced and external (not English stranding).

A FUSION FRAMEWORK FOR FACE RECOGNITION UNDER VARYING ILLUMINATION BASED ON MULTI-SCALE ANALYSIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250029 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENGXIN CHEN ◽  
YUANYAN TANG ◽  
BIN FANG ◽  
LIFANG ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
High Frequency Component ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
High Frequency Signal ◽  
Signal Component ◽  
Illumination Invariance ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Face

Varying illumination is a huge challenge of face recognition. The variation caused by varying illumination in the face appearance can be much larger than the variation caused by personal identity. The high frequency signal component in image represents the detail characteristic of the face, and for the reason of being influenced scarcely by varying illumination, this signal component can be used as illumination invariance features in face recognition. However, the definition of the high frequency signal component is blurry, and it is impossible to separate this component from the face image exactly. Because of using the different decomposition methods and different decomposition parameters, high frequency component has been dispersed in decomposed detail images that characterize themselves by containing different scale frequency signal component. This paper proposes a framework to fuse that high frequency signal components in multi-scale detail images using adaptive weight. This novel framework is an open structure, and any method of getting illumination invariance feature can be applied on this framework. The experiment based on three open face databases shows the framework proposed by this paper can get remarkable performance.

Cyber Rebellion: Bradley Manning, WikiLeaks, and the Struggle to Break the Power of Secrecy in the Global War on Terror

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Sangarasivam
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Justice Department ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Us ◽  
Espionage Act ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Global War

AbstractFollowing the release of thousands of diplomatic cables which revealed the human rights abuses and networks of corruption that sustain the US-sponsored global war on terror, the US Justice Department has invoked the 1917 Espionage Act to indict both Bradley Manning, the US soldier who released the classified documents to WikiLeaks, and Julian Assange, the editor and publisher of WikiLeaks. While censorship serves as an economic signal, as Assange asserts, how does the torture and prosecution of Pvt. Bradley Manning serve as a cultural signal which reveals the ­lessons of a patriotism that promotes a dystopic democracy? This article examines the spatio-temporal predicament of secrecy, surveillance, and censorship in the face of cyber rebellion.

scholarly journals All-or-none visual categorization in the human brain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia L. Retter ◽  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Michael A. Webster ◽  
Bruno Rossion
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Visual Categorization ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Face Categorization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractWhether visual categorization, i.e., specific responses to a certain class of visual events across a wide range of exemplars, is graded or all-or-none in the human brain is largely unknown. We address this issue with an original frequency-sweep paradigm probing the evolution of responses between the minimum and optimal presentation times required to elicit both neural and behavioral face categorization responses. In a first experiment, widely variable natural images of nonface objects are progressively swept from 120 to 3 Hz (8.33 to 333 ms duration) in rapid serial visual presentation sequences; variable face exemplars appear every 1 s, enabling an implicit frequency-tagged face-categorization electroencephalographic (EEG) response at 1 Hz. In a second experiment, faces appear non-periodically throughout such sequences at fixed presentation rates, while participants explicitly categorize faces. Face-categorization activity emerges with stimulus durations as brief as 17 ms for both neural and behavioral measures (17 – 83 ms across individual participants neurally; 33 ms at the group level). The face-categorization response amplitude increases until 83 ms stimulus duration (12 Hz), implying graded categorization responses. However, a strong correlation with behavioral accuracy suggests instead that dilution from missed categorizations, rather than a decreased response to each face stimulus, may be responsible. This is supported in the second experiment by the absence of neural responses to behaviorally uncategorized faces, and equivalent amplitudes of isolated neural responses to only behaviorally categorized faces across presentation rates, consistent with the otherwise stable spatio-temporal signatures of face-categorization responses in both experiments. Overall, these observations provide original evidence that visual categorization of faces, while being widely variable across human observers, occurs in an all-or-none fashion in the human brain.

scholarly journals Changes on Speech Transmission Characteristics by Types of Mask

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Jeongho Jeong ◽  
Mina Kim ◽  
Youngsun Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Transmission Index ◽  
Speech Transmission ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face

Purpose: Given the increased levels of fine and ultrafine dust, as well as the spread of COVID-19, current opinion is that most people will wear a face mask such a KF94 mask for a long time. To test speech transmission through the face masks, various types of masks including dust masks available in the market at the time of the study were tested under laboratory conditions.Methods: Fourteen types of masks worn on a head and torso simulator (HATS) and test signals were played on a speaker installed in the mouse position of the HATS. Speech Transmission Index (STI) and the speech level in the octave band were measured at distances of 1 m and 2 m.Results: STI at a distance of 2 m was decreased to 3.4-5.7% and speech levels in the octave band at 4 kHz or higher were also decreased when wearing disposable masks and a cotton mask. KF80 and KF94 masks showed decreased STI similar to those of disposable masks; however, a decrease in the speech level was observed at the octave bands of above 2 kHz. Dust masks and single-cartridge half-face respirators showed approximately 11.2% and 33.7% to 39.3% decreases in STI levels, respectively.Conclusion: When wearing masks, STI and the speech level was decreased in the high-frequency bands. However, speech level differences at high frequencies may be related to the increased voice level of the speaker and the understanding of consonants with the masks for several hours in living and working environments.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Isolation Solutions in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 000760-000767
Author(s):  
Daniel Krueger ◽  
Ken Peterson ◽  
Laurie Euler
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
The Face ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Ceramic Glass ◽  
Multilayer Technology ◽  
Metallic Seal

Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) is a commercial ceramic-glass multilayer technology with compelling advantages for microelectronics, microsystems and sensors. High frequency applications require good electrical properties such as low dielectric los,s and newer applications require extreme isolation from electromagnetic interference (EMI) that is even difficult to measure (−150db). Approaches to providing this isolation, once provided by via fences, have included sidewall coating and full tape thickness features (FTTF) that have been introduced by the filling of slots with via-fill compositions. Several techniques for creating these structures have been modeled for stress and temperature effects in the face of other necessary attachments, such as metallic seal frames. The relative effects of attachment media, FTTF geometry, and alternative measures will be reported. Approaches for thick film and thin film implementations are described.

Grammaticalization in Japanese and Korean

2018 ◽  
pp. 166-188
Author(s):  
Heiko Narrog ◽  
Seongha Rhee ◽  
John Whitman
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Verb Phrase

In this chapter, we try to present typical processes of grammaticalization in Japanese and Korean, and investigate which processes may particularly contribute to the discussion of theoretical aspects of grammaticalization. The processes introduced in some detail are the grammaticalization of converbs, of deverbal postpositions, and of nouns marking categories in the verb phrase as typical processes. We then discuss the morphological properties of grammaticalization in the two languages, and the high frequency of grammaticalization into interpersonal domains. Both features support extant ideas about grammaticalization rather than contradicting them. In contrast, a third point—that grammaticalizations may enter the language through writing rather than conversation—may be a challenge for ideas about grammaticalization that seek the source of grammaticalizations solely in speaker–hearer interaction.

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