Wages of neoliberalism:

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e020014
Author(s):  
Praveen Jha ◽  
Archana Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conditions Of Work

This essay highlights the impact of neoliberalism on the world of work with particular reference to India. It provides a brief overview of the structural transformations and their impact on the growing vulnerability of workers, with particular focus on the deepening and reconfiguration of informality within the current labour scenario. The first section provides a brief profile of labour in India with a focus on the last decade. It shows how the emerging trends are marked by regional and social unevenness, with particularly adverse outcomes for women and vulnerable social groups. The second section explores different dimensions of growing insecurity of work, particularly with respect to hours of work and wages. The third section examines some of the major reasons for deteriorating conditions of work by locating in an overview of the long-term structural failures and the ascendency of neoliberal policies in the recent years. In the fourth section we follow this up by a discussion of the recent State-led labour reforms and their role in accelerating flexibilisation in the world of work and the essay closes with a very brief concluding remark regarding the contemporary labour scenario in section five.

THE INFLUENCE OF SCOTTISH ACCOUNTANTS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE EARLY CASE OF THE SOCIETY OF ACCOUNTANTS IN EDINBURGH

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. LEE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chartered Accountants ◽  
The U.S

This study represents part of a long-term research program to investigate the influence of U.K. accountants on the development of professional accountancy in other parts of the world. It examines the impact of a small group of Scottish chartered accountants who emigrated to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Set against a general theory of emigration, the study's main results reveal the significant involvement of this group in the founding and development of U.S. accountancy. The influence is predominantly with respect to public accountancy and its main institutional organizations. Several of the individuals achieved considerable eminence in U.S. public accountancy.

scholarly journals Frame me if you must: PrEP framing and the impact on adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S439-S439
Author(s):  
Eric Ellorin ◽  
Jill Blumenthal ◽  
Sonia Jain ◽  
Xiaoying Sun ◽  
Katya Corado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Actual Prevalence ◽  
Tenofovir Diphosphate

Abstract Background “PrEP whore” has been used both as a pejorative by PrEP opponents in the gay community and, reactively, by PrEP advocates as a method to reclaim the label from stigmatization and “slut-shaming.” The actual prevalence and impact of such PrEP-directed stigma on adherence have been insufficiently studied. Methods CCTG 595 was a randomized controlled PrEP demonstration project in 398 HIV-uninfected MSM and transwomen. Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels at weeks 12 and 48 were used as a continuous measure of adherence. At study visits, participants were asked to describe how they perceived others’ reactions to them being on PrEP. These perceptions were categorized a priori as either “positively framed,” “negatively framed,” or both. We used Wilcoxon rank-sum to determine the association between positive and negative framing and TFV-DP levels at weeks 12 and 48. Results By week 4, 29% of participants reported perceiving positive reactions from members of their social groups, 5% negative, and 6% both. Reporting decreased over 48 weeks, but positive reactions were consistently reported more than negative. At week 12, no differences in mean TFV-DP levels were observed in participants with positively-framed reactions compared with those reporting no outcome or only negatively-framed (1338 [IQR, 1036-1609] vs. 1281 [946-1489] fmol/punch, P = 0.17). Additionally, no differences were observed in those with negative reactions vs. those without (1209 [977–1427] vs. 1303 [964–1545], P = 0.58). At week 48, mean TFV-DP levels trended toward being higher among those that report any reaction, regardless if positive (1335 [909–1665] vs. 1179 [841–1455], P = 0.09) or negative (1377 [1054–1603] vs. 1192 [838–1486], P = 0.10) than those reporting no reaction. At week 48, 46% of participants reported experiencing some form of PrEP-directed judgment, 23% reported being called “PrEP whore,” and 21% avoiding disclosing PrEP use. Conclusion Over 48 weeks, nearly half of participants reported some form of judgment or stigmatization as a consequence of PrEP use. However, individuals more frequently perceived positively framed reactions to being on PrEP than negative. Importantly, long-term PrEP adherence does not appear to suffer as a result of negative PrEP framing. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

A case study of noise pollution levels during the restrictions period due to COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Ana Cristina Bejarano-Quintas ◽  
Manuel Parejo-Pizarro ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to the need for drastic control measures around the world to reduce the impact on the health of the population. The confinement of people in their homes resulted in a significant reduction in human activity at every level (economic, social, industrial, etc.), which was reflected in a decrease in environmental pollution levels. Studying the evolution of parameters, such as the level of environmental noise caused by vehicle traffic in urban environments, makes it possible to assess the impact of this type of measure. This paper presents a case study of the acoustic situation in Cáceres (Spain) during the restriction period by means of long-term acoustic measurements at various points of the city.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: Coping with the Psychological Outcomes, Mental Changes, and the “New Normal” During and After COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 07-19
Author(s):  
Hiba Takieddine ◽  
Samaa AL Tabbah
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease that has rapidly swept across the world, inducing a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, healthcare providers and people with underlying health conditions. Authorities around the world tried to prevent the virus spread by imposing social distancing measures, quarantining citizens and isolating infected persons. Apart from its physical impact, COVID-19 pandemic has brought numerous changes to people’s lives. It changed daily routines, caused worldwide economic crisis, increased unemployment, and placed people under emotional and financial pressures. It affected people psychologically and mentally especially in terms of emotions and cognition. During the acute crisis, everyone to varying degrees experienced fear of infection, somatic concerns, worries about the pandemic’s consequences, loneliness, depression, stress, as well as increased alcohol and drug use. As part of its public health response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has worked with partners to develop a set of new guidelines and messages that can be used to prevent, manage, and support mental and psychological well-being in different vulnerable target groups during the outbreak. Whether people like it or not, the psychological sequela of this pandemic will emerge and persist for months and years to come leading to long-term consequences. New lifestyles and “New Normals” will surely emerge. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of coronavirus pandemic on the psychological and mental health of people around the world especially vulnerable groups. It also presents the relevant intervention actions and recommendations to cope efficiently and effectively with the psychological short-term and long-term outcomes, mental changes, and the “New Normal” during and after COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus, Psychological; Mental; New Normal

The Significant Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Supply Chains

2022 ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Decisions ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The World ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact

As the COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world, the existence of disruptions in demand and supply have become more severe, conducted by containment measures taken by countries and affecting different sectors around the world. Although businesses and workplaces are restarting activities in some countries, with containment measures gradually being lifted, overall consumer demand is expected to remain low, also determined by the loss of jobs and income. Therefore, the scale of the impact on supply chains exceeded anything most companies had anticipated. This study aims to understand how companies were affected and identify some lessons learned about their vulnerabilities and the possible ways to address them in the long term. On the other hand, it is intended to reveal some of the impacts of COVID-19 and make some practical suggestions that can help in political and operational decisions to strengthen and build additional resilience in supply chains in the future.

Global Health Neurology: HIV/AIDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Spudich ◽  
Payal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Neurologic Complications ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
The World ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the advent of combination antiretroviral therapies, the mortality rate from HIV has declined, while the prevalence of long-term HIV-related neurologic complications continues to rise. Thirty-six million individuals are living with HIV around the world, many of whom reside in resource-limited settings. The majority of studies have focused on individuals residing in the developed world, while the impact of HIV disproportionately affects people living in developing countries. This review focuses on recent domestic and international studies regarding neurologic complications related to HIV, including opportunistic infections, peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, in light of the growing population affected by these conditions.

At a Glance … The world economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. F2-F2
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
World Economy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
The Impact ◽  
India And China

World growth is expected to remain below trend at 3.1 per cent in 2012 and 3.4 per cent in 2013.The Euro Area is forecast to contract by 0.5 per cent this year and grow only marginally next year with unemployment reaching ‘depression-era’ rates in some periphery economies. The US is likely to grow by 2 per cent in each year.Growth in Brazil, Russia, India and China will be below long-term potential next year, although ‘hard-landings’ will be avoided; the impact on advanced economies will be offset by a large gain in competitiveness.Debt to GDP ratios in OECD countries will, on average, be higher in 2014 than at present.

scholarly journals The impact of copper-containing pesticides on ecological attributes and agricultural value of soils. The need for monitoring and assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Gabechaya ◽  
◽  
I.V. Andreeva ◽  
I.I. Vasenev ◽  
A.A. Neaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Vineyard Soil ◽  
Vineyard Soils ◽  
The Impact

Copper-based pesticides have been used around the world for more than 200 years to control bacterial and fungal diseases in a variety of crops. In our review, we found that copper content from cupric fungicides in vineyard soil surface horizons often exceeds 200 mg/kg. However, there are few studies on copper content in vineyard soils in Russia. The fact of the matter is that soil microorganisms have greater metal sensitivity than plants. Therefore, the use of copper-based pesticides may damage microbial communities in vineyard soils and disrupt litter decomposition processes, thus leading to a long-term deterioration of ecological attributes and agricultural value of soils. It is this fact that makes the need for constant monitoring and assessment of the impact of copper-based pesticides on vineyard soils in Russia so paramount.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY OF CHILDREN INMATES AND ASSISTANCE SYSTEM IN THE PENITENTIARY: The Impact of Child Social System to the Assistance Process at Kutoarjo Children Penitentiary

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Indah Sri Utari
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The community of inmates children as a unique and unique social system is difficult to understand when viewed only from the outside, so it is necessary to systematically attempt to know the values, norms, relationships, and objectives-through where and with what they are living, and understand both their own experiences and the world in which they liveThe situational system of the inmates children as human beings (although in this case is the child) to be fostered, is one of the important elements in the whole process of assistance in the Penitentiary is no exception to the Children Penitentiary in Kutoarjo. The entire penitentiary system design, from the assistance program, the assistance mechanism, and the assistance implementation, is actually determined by the circumstances and the reality of the people who are to be fostered, the inmates.The reality of the children inmates who are always on the "social order" in their various communities is essentially constantly changing. Specifically, this study finds links between: the institutional reality of a children penitentiary, which includes the factual circumstances concerning facilities and infrastructure, and the administrative aspects of KutoarjoChildren Penitentiary. The reality of the member of KutoarjoChildren Penitentiaryin the form of identified number of occupants, placement systems, and formal and informal groupings of the targeted children in addition to the build and formed a community of the assisted children in KutoarjoChildren Penitentiary and the basic elements of the Social System of the Auxiliaries in all the community of assisted children and etc.As Soerjono Sukanto said that even though human "convicts" live in a confined state, they instinctively want to interact with fellow inmates. This instinct is referred to as "gregariousness" (Soekanto: 1998: 73), which in the last instance will give birth to so-called "social groups". In this context created social structure, social system, norms and so on.

scholarly journals On the Outside Looking In: A Global Doula Response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Johnson Searcy ◽  
Angela N. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Initial Study ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Obstetric Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
Hospital Policies ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Virtual Support ◽  
The Impact

From around the world, doulas report the impact of new COVID-19 restrictions on their ability to provide continuous emotional, physical, and informational support to pregnant people and their families. In a qualitative survey conducted in March and April 2020, we heard from over 500 doulas in 24 countries. Doulas practicing across the world revealed rapid changes to hospital policies. Even accounting for different public health responses across countries, the doulas in our study pointed to one common theme - their absence at births and the subsequent need to support birthing people virtually. In a follow-up survey and in interviews we conducted in July, we reconnected with doulas from our initial study to track their access to institutional birthing spaces. As countries experienced the effects of “flattening the curve,” we found that doulas were still not considered “essential” workers and the majority could not attend births. Our research shows that doulas have ambiguous feelings about the efficacy of virtual support, that they raise concerns about the long-term impact of COVID on their profession and that they are concerned about mistreatment and obstetric violence as birthing people enter hospitals alone.

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