Evaluation of WASH at Sana’a University as per IWRM Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Osama Al-Jailani ◽  
Fadhl Al-Nozaily ◽  
Tarek Al-Hibshi ◽  
Zamzam Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
University Officials

The Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is considered to be a key in achieving a sustainable improved WASH sector. Water supply and sanitation are among the most essential sectors of development Enhancement of community water supplies and sanitation results in improved social, economic conditions and health. Students are likely to be affected in different ways by inadequate Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) conditions in schools and universities, so this may contribute to reduce in getting the right learning opportunities. Due to the importance of the WASH sector in improving the community’s level and standards, this paper will help to assess the WASH at Sana’a University.A multi-disciplinary approach to reach the objective targeted in this paper has been used; an intensive literature review has been done, a closedended questionnaire was developed with the help of some INGOs standards such as WHO, UNICEF and Sphere to collect the required data from the beneficiaries, a checklist was developed and used to acquire the requireddata and information from the fields and meet face-to-face with the key informants of each faculty, and all the collected data and information are analyzed with the help of Kobo Toolbox. The findings of the research showed that water shortages and inadequate sanitation were due to weak infrastructure although its own a very strong infrastructure; systems were not repaired or maintained and fell into disuse. In addition, the water supply shortages were also due to insufficient water capacity, physical contaminatedexisting water sources, lack of communication between university officials, and the obstacles to (WASH) sector which include lack of human resources, lack of financial resources, and unclear roles and responsibilities. The recommendation was based on the findings and related issues with water institution, water sector and resource, sanitation, and hygiene in addition to NGOs to support the university WASH infrastructure.Keywords: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Sana’a University, KoboToolbox and IWRM.

scholarly journals Analisis Yuridis Mengenai Strategi Dosen Terkait Dengan Mutu Pembelajaran Di Perguruan Tinggi Masa Era New Normal

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-223
Author(s):  
Halimatul Maryani
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

The scope of education is the parties that are involved in the sphere of education such as proteges/students/college students, the basic and the purpose of education itself, educators, educational materials, educational methods, educational evaluation, educational tools and the surrounding environment within the scope of education. Education is also one of the most important parts of human life that has provisions that aim to help the improvement of living standard and life for themselves and for the country. If referring to the Article 31 (amendment) paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which states that "Every citizen has the right to education, of course education is meant in principle, learning what we know is based on face to face in the class. to transfer the knowledge to their students (students / college students). This has now turned into virtual, distance learning, due to various constraints of limited facilities and infrastructure, the ability to absorb the technology, on the other hand, the unstable condition of the spread of covid-19 has certainly become a dilemma for several universities, including the university of Muslim Nusantara Al Washliyah in implementing learning whether it's pure online use organized with Distance Learning (PJJ) -virtual and other types of virtual.Keywords : Strategy, the Quality of Learning,New Normal

scholarly journals Poisoning the Right to Water in South Africa: What Can the Law Do?

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Resource Management System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future

This paper examines the major problems currently facing South Africa’s water sector and identifies that water shortages will be a significant issue to deal with in the near future. The problem of shortage is exacerbated by severe water quality concerns. The role of the law in addressing these water concerns is examined and it is shown that the law, on paper, is able to address most of these issues and to provide for an integrated water resource management system. Failure to implement the law in the past, however, has led to situations arising that are beyond the power of the law to address and innovative solutions will have to be found. For the future, the law will have to be implemented appropriately in order to avoid similar problems arising again.

scholarly journals Constitutional mandate and judicial initiatives influencing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programmes in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-641
Author(s):  
M. P. Ram Mohan ◽  
Anvita Dulluri
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Judicial Reasoning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract This paper undertakes a thorough review of the legislative and policy framework of water supply and sanitation in India within the larger backdrop of the universal affirmation of right to water and sanitation under the UN WASH initiatives, first articulated under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Recognizing the proactive role played by the Indian judiciary in this regard, the paper examines various patterns of judicial reasoning in realising the right to water and sanitation as Constitutional rights of citizens. The paper observes that through a consistent ‘rights-based’ approach, the Indian judiciary has systematically articulated and achieved the objectives of the UN WASH initiatives long before they were spelled out under the MDGs. The paper highlights the need for the Government to recognise and incorporate judicial insights in implementing developmental projects under the WASH initiatives.

scholarly journals Conjunctive Operation of Surface and Subsurface Dams Based on Drought Severity

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Bo Ram Kim ◽  
Sang-Il Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Groundwater Dam

As an effective water management method to respond to the increasing severity of drought, this study proposed a conjunctive operation using a surface reservoir and subsurface dams. The proposed methodology predicts the probable rainfall according to the drought severity and the water demand, and uses these as the basis for water allocation. Sokcho City, located in South Korea, was used as the study case. Sokcho is a tourist city that has suffered from water shortages for many years due to its excessive dependence on a single groundwater dam. Considering conjunctive operation, drought frequency, and drought duration, a total of 80 cases under four scenarios were generated and simulated to determine the water supply capability over the entire year. The results indicate that domestic water can be supplied throughout the year with appropriate water allocation, even when a once-in-50-year drought lasts for 120 days. Furthermore, the water supply potential, which is the additionally available capacity in a reservoir, was used to assess the effects of conjunctive operation. It was estimated that, for a once-in-10-year drought, up to 318% of the annual water demand was available in the reservoir. As the proposed methodology is relatively simple, it offers a useful water resource management tool for sites with similar social and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals School Leadership and the Experience of Education Under Oppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Deitle ◽  
Daniel Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Reconstruction ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The University

Background: This qualitative study examined apartheid-era South Africa, from 1948 to 1994, which established social and administrative policies that deliberately curtailed the education of Indigenous and other South Africans as a means of oppressing non-European ethnic groups. Analysis: In lieu of face-to-face interviews, the experience of education under apartheid is examined through stories and interviews submitted to the Apartheid Archives Project, curated by the University of the Witwatersrand, in Johannesburg, South Africa. The central question asks how the personal experiences of an oppressive school system, as interpreted through the framework of Freirean education, informs school leaders. Conclusion: Oppression infiltrates school systems, impinges on the educational process, and robs students of learning opportunities. In recognizing this, educators engage their responsibility as school leaders, and embrace the pivotal role education plays in social reconstruction, liberation, and humanization.

How Distance Programs will Affect Students, Courses, Faculty and Institutional Futures

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Turoff ◽  
Richard Discenza ◽  
Caroline Howard
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
The University ◽  
Education Courses

Designed properly, distance education classes can be at least as effective and, in some ways, even more effective than face-to-face courses. The tools and technologies used for distance education courses facilitate learning opportunities not possible in the face-to-face classroom. Distance programs are accelerating changes that are challenging students, faculty, and the university, itself. Currently, most faculty are rewarded for the quality of instruction, as well as their external funding and their research. Often, university administrators focus more attention on the efficiency of teaching than on its effectiveness. In the future, as the quality of distance learning increases, the primary factor for success will be the faculty’s commitment to excellence in teaching. Many institutions will be forced to reevaluate the quality of teaching as the institution becomes more visible to the public, to legislators who support higher education, and to prospective students.

scholarly journals After the COVID-19 crisis: Why higher education may (and perhaps should) never be the same

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Mary Kalantzis ◽  
Bill Cope
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Traditional Classrooms ◽  
Online Teaching And Learning ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Reverse Engineer ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Radical Transformation

Universities and colleges have dragged their feet making the move to online teaching and learning. Suddenly, with this COVID-19 crisis, everyone had to move online. Few universities or colleges are prepared for such a rapid shift. Meanwhile, the conventional wisdom remains - the gold-standard for learning is traditional face-to-face, while online is second-best. But perhaps, even without COVID-19, in-person learning is ripe for radical transformation. At the University of Illinois, we’ve been researching this transformation, and developing and testing online learning solutions. Simply put, online can be completely different, and with the right tools, potentially much superior to in-person teaching. To reap the benefits of online learning, we need to abandon the current generation educational technologies—systems and processes that mostly do little more than reverse-engineer traditional classrooms.

How Distance Programs will Affect Students, Courses, Faculty and Institutional Futures

2011 ◽  
pp. 3370-3384
Author(s):  
Murray Turoff ◽  
Richard Discenza ◽  
Carolin Howard
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
The University ◽  
Education Courses

Designed properly, distance education classes can be at least as effective and, in some ways, even more effective than face-to-face courses. The tools and technologies used for distance education courses facilitate learning opportunities not possible in the face-to-face classroom. Distance programs are accelerating changes that are challenging students, faculty, and the university, itself. Currently, most faculty are rewarded for the quality of instruction, as well as their external funding and their research. Often, university administrators focus more attention on the efficiency of teaching than on its effectiveness. In the future, as the quality of distance learning increases, the primary factor for success will be the faculty’s commitment to excellence in teaching. Many institutions will be forced to reevaluate the quality of teaching as the institution becomes more visible to the public, to legislators who support higher education, and to prospective students.

scholarly journals Implementing E-Learning as a Tool: Solution for Pandemic Disease in Case of Wollega University

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Etana Fikadu Dinsa
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

Wollega University is a public higher educational institution established in February 2007 in western part of Ethiopia. After that, the university is making a valuable contribution to the overall development of the country by producing high-level professionals, conducting problem-solving research and providing services to the surrounding communities, working in partnership with all stakeholders. This university provides teaching learning system face to face learning approaches. Due to this during this pandemic disease the university closes the teaching learning method to reduce transmissions of the virus. The researcher can able to propose E-learning as a solution to keep the continuity of education during this pandemic disease. In this paper the benefits of e-learning, features and the challenges to advancement and implementation of new educational system (E-learning) opportunities for this university are also briefly outlined.

scholarly journals OFFERING INTERDISCPLINARY COURSES: THE WHY, THE HOW AND THE WHAT

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alidad Amirfazli ◽  
Murray Gingras ◽  
Linda Nostbakken ◽  
Wayne Renke
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Support ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
University System ◽  
Time Commitment ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Group Projects ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Students in their future workplace will likely face multifacetedchallenges; as such, solutions require integrationand collaboration across disciplines. An interdisciplinaryinstruction benefits students’ learning by exposing themto fundamental topics and perspectives that they wouldnot have been able to obtain easily within their programs.Peer learning and interactions by students from differentbackgrounds provides further learning opportunities. Thepaper is a reflection of the experience of the fourinstructors involved in teaching an interdisciplinarycourse in the area of energy who were from four distinctFaculties over the period of 2010-2012. Planning well inadvance is important to allow instructors from differentbackgrounds with varied traditions in teaching to developa working rapport. Throughout the planning stagesdedicated administrative support must be provided tofacilitate attending to logistics of setting up the coursewithin the university system. The right incentivise for theinstructors should also be provided due to higher thannormal time commitment. What was learnt that there is aneed to provide both foundation material and moreadvanced perspectives simultaneously given the diversebackground of students and topics in an interdisciplinarycourse. Also, it was found that instructors benefitted fromteaching such a course by learning from traditions andmethods in another discipline, and went on to improveother courses in their discipline both in content andteaching style. It was also found that lack of integrationwith “regular” programs, or “official” endorsing candissuade some students from participating. Other lessonsinclude issues around instructor team’s chemistry, coursecontent design, e.g. the need for group projects tointernalize the material, and the use of technology.

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