Astaxanthin enhances catalase activity in retinal tissue of experimental diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Mojarrab ◽  
Farideh Bahrami ◽  
Ali Khoshbaten ◽  
Mohammad Tagi Mohammadi ◽  
Fatemah Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Retinal Tissue

It has been shown that diabetes causes a decrease in antioxidant capacity. Since the decrease of antioxidant capacities are related to the pathology of diabetic retinopathy; we aimed to evaluate the effect of Astaxanthin (ASTA), a powerful natural antioxidant, on catalase content in retinal tissue. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups (n =8-12 for each group): Control, Control-treated, Diabetic and Diabetic-treated groups. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight, intravenously). Animals with a blood glucose more than 350 mg were selected as diabetic animals. Treatment with ASTA, (20 mg/kg) was administrated orally once a day by gavages over six weeks. After six weeks the final blood glucose concentration and body weight were measured. The animals were then euthanized by a lethal dose of Ketamine and Diazepam, the eyeballs removed and the retinas quickly extracted for catalase (CAT) measurement and histopathological assessments. Hyperglycemia decreased the enzymatic activity of CAT in retinal tissue of the Diabetic group but, with ASTA treatment, it returned toward normal value and ASTA treatment in Control-treated group increased the CAT capacity significantly. Retinal ganglion cell layer (RGC) in both Diabetic and Diabetic-treated groups showed fluid retention and edema but in the Diabetic-treated group, it was lower than inthe Diabetic group. We suggest that the increase of CAT activity and decrease of fluid retention in the Diabetic-treated group compared with the Diabetic group are related to the ability of ASTA to balance excess ROS production.

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Diacerein in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Arsalan Uqaili ◽  
Samia Siddiqui ◽  
Roomi Aijaz ◽  
Yar Muhammad Nizammani ◽  
Navaid Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of interleukin-1 inhibitor (diacerein) in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. This experimental study was performed at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam within 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016. Total of 160 adult Albino Wistar Rats having an average of 200 to 300 grams body weights were selected. Animals were categorized into 4 groups as; Group A (n=15): Control rats – receive 0.9% normal saline as placebo Experimental Groups Group B (n=15): Experimental Control (Diabetic rats) - Alloxan50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal. Group C (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (30 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Group D (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (50 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Animals were kept and treated as per the NIH Guideline for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals. Diabetes mellitus was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 milligram/kg alloxan monohydrated dissolved in aseptic 0.9% saline. After 72 hours, blood specimens were taken from the caudal vein of the rats and glucose level>200 mg/dL was taken as diabetes. Experimental rats were given diacerein approximately 30 and 50 mg orally for 6 weeks. At the completion of experiment the body weight was measured of each animal by electronic measuring balance and blood sample was taken from each animal of all groups to assess the blood glucose level and HbA1c level. Data were recorded via self-made proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Average body weight of Diabetic control (Group B) was 193.33±22.50 grams, which was lower in contrast to Diacerein treated group C 202.47±25.70 grams and significantly lower as compared to Diacerein treated group D as  212.6±23.43 grams. A significant increase in blood glucose levels 182.07±10.63 mg/dl was noted in the Diabetic control (Group B) compared to Diacerein treated group C (110.13± 8.54 mg/dl) and group D (85.87±8.41 mg/dl) (P=0.001). HbA1c was markedly raised in the Group B- diabetic controls, while diacerein treated diabetic rats (groups C and D) showed a significant decrease in HbA1c (P=0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that Diacerein achieves the Euglycemic state by reducing the levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Alloxan-Induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats.

scholarly journals Protein Isolates from Fermented Melon Seeds Promoted Differential Expression in Liver and Pancreas of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
A. O. Iyoriobhe ◽  
A. O. Abiola ◽  
P. A. Adedigba ◽  
P. H. Fagbenro ◽  
T. A. Adebisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protein Isolates ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Melon Seeds

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder of human. However, the anti-diabetic activity of protein isolates from fermented plants seed for DM remains enigmatic. The prevalence of diabetes in Africa is exponentially increasing with more deaths occurring directly from diabetes mellitus or from its associated complications. The current study investigated the effect of Protein isolate from fermented melon seeds (Ogiri; OPI) of Cucumeropsis manni on blood glucose, hepatic and pancreatic protein profile, histopathological parameters, identification and characterisation of expressed proteins in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty Male wistar rats were divided into nondiabetic control, STZ-diabetic control, STZ-Ogiri protein isolate supplemented group (STZ-OPI; 200 mg/kg diet), STZ-Ogiri protein isolate supplemented group (STZ-OPI; 600 g/kg diet) and STZ-glibenclamide treated group (STZ-GBN; 0.5 mg/kg diet). Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg BW) freshly dissolved in 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5) into the intraperitonium. Diabetes was confirmed by measuring the fasting blood glucose concentration 48-h post-injection. The rats with blood glucose level above 290 mg/dL were considered to be diabetic. Ogiri protein isolates was supplemented in the diet for 6 weeks. The supplementation OPI reduced (P< 0.05) the blood glucose concentration of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. OPI supplemented groups had significantly higher percentage body weight gain. The high dose OPI supplemented group had a lowest liver protein concentration (19.39 mg/dl) but a significantly (P< 0.05) higher pancreas protein concentration when compared to all the diabetic control. Histological sections of examined tissue revealed accumulation of fat in the liver of diabetic rats and necrosis of the islet of Langerhans were observed in the pancreas. 1DE SDS-PAGE of hepatic and pancreatic tissue homogenates revealed differential expression of 150 kDa proteins in rats treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of OPI only and 20-25 kDa proteins in rats treated with 600 mg/kg body weight of OPI respectively. This result show that OPI supplementation may impose a direct or indirect inhibitory or post translational modification on specific proteins implicated in hyperglycemia and diabetes and as such be a potential antihyperglycemic agent in the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of Fenugreek (Methi) on the Thymic volume in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
DK Mondal ◽  
MM Karim ◽  
S Mohal ◽  
BMA Yousuf ◽  
KM Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) on thymic volume was studied in 30 long Evansrats. Among the total, 10 were treated with only vehicle (non-diabetic control - group A); 10 weretreated with streptozotocin only (diabetic control - group B) and 10 were treated with fenugreek(fenugreek treated - group C). Mean relative thymic volumes were 0.22210.018 ml/100 gm ofcorresponding final body weight (Mean 1 SEM), 0.14710.015 and 0.19910.020 in group A, B and Crespectively. In non-diabetic control group the thymic volume was significantly higher (p=0.005)than that of diabetic control group. In fenugreek treated diabetic group the volume was alsosignificantly higher (p=0.05) from that of diabetic control group and very much nearer to nondiabeticcontrol group (p=0.398). Fenugreek may preserve the thymic volume considerably indiabetic rats.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3892TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 1-4

scholarly journals Glucose Lowering Effect of Basil Leaves in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sry Suryani Widjaja ◽  
Rusdiana ◽  
Maya Savira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

BACKGROUND: The incidence of diabetes and its complications has risen since the last decades, and it has been predicted that the prevalence of diabetes will be double in the coming year. Chronic hyperglycemia marked as elevated advanced glycation end products plays an important role in complications of diabetes. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) originating from India and commonly found in Southeast Asia, is widely used empirically to decrease the blood sugar in diabetic patients. AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of extract ethanol of Basil leaves in diabetic rats. METHODS: This is an experimental study; Streptozotocin was used to induce type 2 diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into six groups (normal group, group treated with metformin 45 mg/kg body weight, group treated with Basil leaves 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight, control diabetic group). The blood glucose level was measured before induction and after treatment at week 1 and 4. Advanced glycation end products were measured in all groups at week 4. RESULTS: Extract ethanol of basil leaves 100, 200, 400 mg/body weight all showed significant lowering blood glucose level (p < 0.001) compared to diabetic group without treatment, but did not show superior to metformin group (p = 0.17), advanced glycation end products did not show statistical significance between group with normal rats and group of diabetic rats treated with basil leaves 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg (p = 0.12, p = 0.33, p = 0.26). CONCLUSION: Extract ethanol of basil leaves showed good results in lowering blood glucose and advanced glycation end products in diabetic rats.

Altered glucose kinetics in diabetic rats during gram-negative infection

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. E123-E129
Author(s):  
C. H. Lang ◽  
C. Dobrescu ◽  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Diabetic State ◽  
Glucose Disappearance ◽  
Altered Glucose

The present study examined the purported exacerbating effect of sepsis on glucose metabolism in diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by an intravenous injection of 70 or 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. The higher dose produced "severe" diabetes, whereas the lower dose of streptozotocin produced a milder, "latent" diabetes. After a chronic diabetic state had developed for 4 wk, rats had catheters implanted and sepsis induced by intraperitoneal injections of live Escherichia coli. After 24 h of sepsis the blood glucose concentration was unchanged in nondiabetics and latent diabetics, but glucose decreased from 15 to 8 mM in the septic severe diabetic group. This decrease in blood glucose was not accompanied by alterations in the plasma insulin concentration. Glucose turnover, assessed by the constant intravenous infusion of [6-3H]- and [U-14C]glucose, was elevated in the severe diabetic group, compared with either latent diabetics or nondiabetics. Induction of sepsis produced a slight decrease in the glucose turnover in the severe diabetic group but did not alter turnover in the latent diabetics. The rate of glucose disappearance, used to quantitate the alterations in plasma glucose after an intravenous glucose tolerance test, was decreased in both groups of diabetics and was proportional to the severity of the diabetic state. Sepsis increased the rate of glucose disappearance in nondiabetic rats but had no effect in either group of diabetic animals. Sepsis also failed to alter the insulinogenic index, used to estimate the insulin secretory capacity, in diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of powdered form of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves and glimepiride in induced diabetic rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Sumon ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
MS Jahan ◽  
MEH Kayesh ◽  
MA Haque
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Powdered Form

Now a day, various medicinal plants are becoming popular for the treatment of different diseases. Some medicinal plants are being used for the treatment of diabetes all over the world. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of powdered form of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves on blood glucose concentration and body weight in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and for its efficacy study with a patent drug, Glimepiride. The effects of powdered form of Stevia leaves was evaluated in the Streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg body weight as single intraperitoneal injection) induced diabetic rats and for this, powdered form of Stevia leaves was orally administered at three different dose rates of 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/Kg and 250 mg/Kg body weight, respectively once a day for 3 weeks. Changes in the blood glucose levels and body weights were measured and the data obtained were compared with that of Glimepiride statistically by using Student's unpaired t-test. The powdered form of Stevia leaves produced significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) hypoglycemic effects on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats in comparison with that of the standard drug, Glimepiride. Powdered form of Stevia leaves at a dose rate of 250 mg/Kg decreased body weight significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. From this study, it was observed that powdered form of Stevia leaves possessed both hypoglycemic and body weight reducing effects. Key words: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, glimepiride, streptozotocin, diabetic rat doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2338 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 211-215

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic effect of metformin combined with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Shehrina Nazmin ◽  
Nayma Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder. Metformin is the initial drug of choice for treatment of type 2 DM. In many cases, metformin mono-therapy cannot effectively achieve the targeted glycemic control. However, metformin along with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) may reduce blood glucose level more effectively. Objective: To evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of metformin in combination with peanut on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, in 2016. Forty (40) Wistar Albino male rats, 90-120 days old, weighing 225-240 g (initial body weight) were taken and divided into four groups containing 10 rats in each group, i.e. Non-diabetic group (ND), Streptozotocin induced diabetic group (STZ), Diabetic group treated with metformin (STZ-M) and Diabetic group treated with metformin and peanut (STZ-MP). Diabetic model was developed by giving single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg body weight) to STZ, STZ-M and STZ-MP groups on day-1. In addition, STZ-M group received metformin (500mg/kg body weight) orally and STZ-MP group received both metformin and peanut extract orally (both 500mg/kg body weight) once daily in the morning for 21 days (day-4 to day-24). After measuring the final body weight, rats were sacrificed on day-25. To observe glycemic status, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), serum insulin levels were estimated and HOMA-IR was calculated. Statistical analyses were done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: Mean FBG level and HOMA-IR were significantly (p<0.001) higher and serum insulin level and final body weight were significantly (p<0.001) lower in STZ group when compared to those of ND group. Whereas, FBG level and HOMA-IR were significantly (p<0.001) lower and insulin level and final body weight were significantly higher (p<0.001) in both STZ-M and STZ-MP groups in comparison to those of STZ group but more profound effects were found in STZ-MP group than those of STZ-M group. Conclusion: The present study revealed that, metformin combined with peanut was more effective to control glycemic status in diabetic rats than metformin alone. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2018, December; 13(2): 59-67

Evaluation of Glucose and Lipid Lowering Activity of Arganimide A in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Eddouks ◽  
Farid Khallouki ◽  
Robert W. Owen ◽  
Morad Hebi ◽  
Remy Burcelin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lowering Activity

Aims: Arganimide A (4,4-dihydroxy-3,3-imino-di-benzoic acid) is a compound belonging to a family of aminophenolics found in fruit of Argania spinosa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose and lipid lowering activity of Arganimide A (ARG A). Methods: The effect of a single dose and daily oral administration of Arganimide A (ARG A) on blood glucose levels and plasma lipid profile was tested in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Results: Single oral administration of ARG A reduced blood glucose levels from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 14.27±0.73 mmol/L (p<0.0001) six hours after administration in STZ diabetic rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels were decreased from 5.35±0.30 mmol/L to 3.57±0.17 mmol/L (p<0.0001) and from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 3.67±0.29 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in normal and STZ diabetic rats, respectively, after seven days of treatment. Moreover, no significant changes in body weight in normal and STZ rats were shown. According to the lipid profile, the plasma triglycerides levels were decreased significantly in diabetic rats after seven days of ARG treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, seven days of ARG A treatment decreased significantly the plasma cholesterol concentrations (p<0.001). Conclusion: ARG A possesses glucose and lipid-lowering activity in diabetic rats and this natural compound may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyherbal Mixtures on the Treatment of Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparajeya Panda ◽  
Somanatha Jena ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahu ◽  
Sanghamitra Nayak ◽  
Payodhar Padhi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Elevated Lipid

The study focuses on polyherbal antidiabetic formulations of different plants used in the treatment of diabetes mixed in different concentrations. In the present study eleven medicinal plants with proven antidiabetic and related beneficial effects were selected for the preparation of five mixtures. The efficacy of prepared mixtures has been tested on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats and compared with a commercially available drug glibenclamide. The mixtures at the dose levels of 400 mg/kg b.w. produced a significant decrease in blood glucose level by 69.6%, 70.97%, 64.45%, 71.82%, and 64.44% after 21 days of treatment. The elevated level of SGPT, SGOT, and ALP in the diabetic controlled group reflected the significant alteration of liver function by STZ induction and was found to be equipotent to glibenclamide in restoration of the elevated enzyme levels to normal. The elevated lipid levels (triglyceride and total cholesterol) were restored to near normal by these mixtures for all the estimated parameters. The results of the mixtures on treated group were found to restore the glycemic level to the near normal level thereby indicating antihyperglycemic activity of the formulated mixtures.

scholarly journals The effect of acetoacetate on plasma insulin concentration

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
K. G. M. M. Alberti ◽  
C. R. S. Houghton ◽  
D. H. Williamson ◽  
H. A. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Sodium acetoacetate was infused into the inferior vena cava of fed rats, 48h-starved rats, and fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with insulin. Arterial blood was obtained from a femoral artery catheter. 2. Acetoacetate infusion caused a fall in blood glucose concentration in fed rats from 6.16 to 5.11mm in 1h, whereas no change occurred in starved or fed–diabetic rats. 3. Plasma free fatty acids decreased within 10min, from 0.82 to 0.64mequiv./l in fed rats, 1.16 to 0.79mequiv./l in starved rats and 0.83 to 0.65mequiv./l in fed–diabetic rats. 4. At 10min the plasma concentration rose from 20 to 49.9μunits/ml in fed unanaesthetized rats and from 6.4 to 18.5μunits/ml in starved rats. There was no change in insulin concentration in the diabetic rats. 5. Nembutal-anaesthetized fed rats had a more marked increase in plasma insulin concentration, from 30 to 101μunits/ml within 10min. 6. A fall in blood glucose concentration in fed rats and a decrease in free fatty acids in both fed and starved rats is to be expected as a consequence of the increase in plasma insulin. 7. The fall in the concentration of free fatty acids in diabetic rats may be due to a direct effect of ketone bodies on adipose tissue. A similar effect on free fatty acids could also be operative in normal fed or starved rats.

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