scholarly journals Clinical Manifestation and Management of Terrestrial Animal Bites

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Emma Hidayati Sasmito ◽  
Sawitri Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Bite Wounds

Background: Terrestrial animal bites wounds are injuries caused by terrestrial animals' mouths and teeth. Aerobic and nonaerobic bacteria cause 30–60% of the secondary bacterial infections due to animal bites. Rabies is an infectious disease and it is the most dangerous viral infection caused by animal bites. Also, venomous animal bites can be fatal and cause death if not treated well. Purpose: To identify the clinical manifestation, first aid, and management of terrestrial animal bites to reduce morbidity and mortality. Review: Wounds and crush injuries caused by animal bites are prone to infection. Aerobic bacteria, such as Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus spp. (including methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and Bartonella henselae, and anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas spp. are commonly found pathogens in animal bite wounds. Rabies, the most dangerous viral infection, occurs in wounds infected by the rabies virus. The virus enters the nerve tissue, multiplies, and spreads to the central nervous system. This can cause disability, and it is life-threatening. In snakebites, management of basic life support, transportation to the hospital, clinical assessment, and immediate resuscitation are the most important procedures. Conclusion: Animal bite wounds are injuries caused by animals' mouths and teeth. Dogs, cats, and snakes are terrestrial animals that most likely attack humans. Proper diagnosis, first aid, and comprehensive management are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 patients: An Updated Review and Observations of COVID Patients in the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽  
Md Azharul Hoque ◽  
Md Badrul Alam ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Rajib Nayan Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Near Future

Involvement of the nervous system after viral infection is common. Certain viruses show neurotropism. Recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARSCov- 2) virus has also exhibited neurotropic properties with various neurological manifestations. The pathophysiology of their neurotropism is not yet clearly known. The details of pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and management are expected to be explored in the near future. Here we review the Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and the early experience in the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 122-132

scholarly journals An innovative cardiopulmonary resuscitation mannequin for common people

MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Runi Pramesti Putri ◽  
Endiyono Endiyono
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
And Training

Background: The success of basic life support is determined by the role of the individual(s) who first encountered a patient with a heart attack, and he will be a helper in the situation. Lack of socialization and training for laypeople makes them unable to implement a right first aid in cases of cardiac arrest. There is a need for innovations in cardiac, pulmonary resuscitation for ordinary people to facilitate them in practicing compression measures.Technique: CPR mannequin is made of a plywood material in the shape of the human body; it is 34 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 6.5 cm high. There are 2 LED lights to detect the accuracy of the compression depth.Conclusion: CPR mannequin can facilitate and improve the skills of laypeople in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Poison Prevention Education

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-969
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Poison Center ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Poison Prevention ◽  
Household Chemicals ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics

Physicians can significantly decrease the frequency and severity of poisoning by educating parents and families in poison prevention. Appropriate strategies for poison prevention education require an examination of epidemiologic characteristics of exposures and potential intervention techniques. Parents should be taught immediate first-aid steps, such as initiating basic life-support measures and irrigation and dilution, that can be taken before seeking medical assistance. Other consumer actions, such as inducing emesis, require medical supervision. The poison control center is the best source for information and advice on treating poisoning. To decrease the frequency of poisoning, parents should be taught to purchase, store, and handle potentially toxic products appropriately. The purchase of household chemicals and drugs in child-resistant safety packaging should be encouraged. To decrease the severity of poisoning, parents should post the phone number of the local poison center, be able to initiate first-aid measures, and keep ipecac syrup on hand. Ideally, a physician should establish a preventive education schedule and discuss poison prevention with parents at regular well-child visits, beginning when the child is very young.

Viral Infection

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Castellanos ◽  
Nipun B. Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Herpes Viruses ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Virus Size ◽  
Size And Structure

Although surgeons are seldom required to treat viral infections, viral infection exposure should still be a topic of concern to surgeons, because infection can cause illness in patients after surgery, and can spread to the hospital staff. This review discusses the prevention of transmission of HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses and the management of exposure to these viruses. A discussion of virus size and structure is presented, and six methods for detection are reviewed: serologic testing, isolation of virus, histologic examination, detection of viral antigens, detection of viral nucleic acid, and electron microscopy. Also discussed are viral infections that are of interest to surgeons, including HIV, hepatitis, herpes viruses, and viral infections from animal bites. This review contains 5 figures, 10 tables, 1 diagnostic HIV algorithm, and 137 references.

Knowledge of Heat-Related Illness First Aid and Self-Reported Hydration and Heat-Related Illness Symptoms in Migrant Farmworkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
Erin P. Ferranti ◽  
Vicki S. Hertzberg ◽  
Valerie Mac
Keyword(s):  
Health Program ◽  
Family Health ◽  
High Heat ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Migrant Farmworkers ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Family Health Program

Background: Outdoor workers are exposed to hot work environments and are at risk of heat-related morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of migrant farmworkers about first aid for heat-related illness (HRI) symptoms. Methods: The authors recruited 60 migrant farmworkers out of 66 who were approached from vegetable farms in Georgia. They were workers who participated in the 2018 Farmworker Family Health Program (FWFHP). The authors surveyed the workers to assess demographics, prevalence of HRI symptoms, hydration practices, and knowledge of HRI first aid. Descriptive statistics for worker demographics, HRI symptoms, and hydration data were calculated, as were the percentages of correctly answered pilot questions. Findings: Of the 60 workers who chose to participate in this study, more than 50% incorrectly answered pilot questions related to their knowledge of HRI first aid. The two most common HRI symptoms reported were heavy sweating and muscle cramps. More than two thirds reported experiencing at least one HRI symptom during the workday. Mean liquid consumption within this sample was 72.95 oz per day, which is much less than the recommended 32 oz per hour. Conclusion/Application to Practice: Until larger structural change can occur to protect farmworkers, farm owners can prevent morbidity and mortality from inadequate hydration practices and working in high-heat conditions by providing migrant farmworkers with training in heat-related first aid. Appropriate heat-illness interventions should focus on first aid measures to reduce morbidity and mortality related to heat illness in farmworkers.

scholarly journals 2019 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmeet Soar ◽  
Ian Maconochie ◽  
Myra H. Wyckoff ◽  
Theresa M. Olasveengen ◽  
Eunice M. Singletary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Liaison Committee ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Cardiovascular Care

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the third annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. It addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the role of cardiac arrest centers and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the role of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults and children, vasopressors in adults, advanced airway interventions in adults and children, targeted temperature management in children after cardiac arrest, initial oxygen concentration during resuscitation of newborns, and interventions for presyncope by first aid providers. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of the evidence on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence to Decision Framework Highlights sections. The task forces also listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

scholarly journals Medical Care at Mass Gatherings: Emergency Medical Services at Large-Scale Rave Events

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Krul ◽  
Björn Sanou ◽  
Eleonara L Swart ◽  
Armand R J Girbes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Mass Gatherings

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to develop comprehensive guidelines for medical care during mass gatherings based on the experience of providing medical support during rave parties.Methods: Study design was a prospective, observational study of self-referred patients who reported to First Aid Stations (FASs) during Dutch rave parties. All users of medical care were registered on an existing standard questionnaire. Health problems were categorized as medical, trauma, psychological, or miscellaneous. Severity was assessed based on the Emergency Severity Index. Qualified nurses, paramedics, and doctors conducted the study after training in the use of the study questionnaire. Total number of visitors was reported by type of event.Results: During the 2006–2010 study period, 7,089 persons presented to FASs for medical aid during rave parties. Most of the problems (91.1%) were categorized as medical or trauma, and classified as mild. The most common medical complaints were general unwell-being, nausea, dizziness, and vomiting. Contusions, strains and sprains, wounds, lacerations, and blisters were the most common traumas. A small portion (2.4%) of the emergency aid was classified as moderate (professional medical care required), including two cases (0.03%) that were considered life-threatening. Hospital admission occurred in 2.2% of the patients. Fewer than half of all patients presenting for aid were transported by ambulance. More than a quarter of all cases (27.4%) were related to recreational drugs.Conclusions: During a five-year field research period at rave dance parties, most presentations on-site for medical evaluation were for mild conditions. A medical team of six healthcare workers for every 10,000 rave party visitors is recommended. On-site medical staff should consist primarily of first aid providers, along with nurses who have event-specific training on advanced life support, event-specific injuries and incidents, health education related to self-care deficits, interventions for psychological distress, infection control, and disaster medicine. Protocols should be available for treating common injuries and other minor medical problems, and for registration, triage, environmental surveillance and catastrophe management and response.

First aid, not life support

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
S Feben
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid

scholarly journals Natural history of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with FAS gene mutations

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (13) ◽  
pp. 1989-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Price ◽  
Pamela A. Shaw ◽  
Amy Seitz ◽  
Gyan Joshi ◽  
Joie Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome ◽  
Key Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Carrier ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

Key Points Less than 60% of individuals who inherit a FAS mutation have a clinical manifestation of ALPS, implying a high carrier rate. Major causes of morbidity and mortality in ALPS patients are sepsis following splenectomy and development of lymphoma.

scholarly journals (A100) Building Local Resilience and Competencies in Remote Haitian Communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s27-s27
Author(s):  
R. Gore ◽  
C.M. Bloem ◽  
B. Arquilla ◽  
P. Roblin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Training Model ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
First Aid Training

Injury and trauma are major causes of premature deaths worldwide. At present, Haiti does not have an existing emergency medical system. Basic first responders training was developed for lay people and medical professionals in rural Haiti.MethodsThe training was conducted in Terrier Rouge, Haiti. Participants included medical professionals, laborers, health professionals, teachers, students, and truck drivers from six towns in northeastern Haiti. A three-day training course taught by U.S. board certified emergency medicine physicians was instituted. Basic life support (BLS), first aid, and BLS/first aid instructors courses were taught based on the American and Canadian Heart Associations curriculum. The BLS/first aid instructors course was limited to health professionals, whereas the first aid course was open to all members of the community. The program included the development of local teaching tools and manuals translated to local languages. Twelve newly trained local Haitian instructors assisted in the final day of training.ResultsThe course was well received by participants. A total of 54 people completed the BLS course, 67 completed the first aid course, and 12 participants completed the BLS/first aid instructors course. Ninty-five program participants completed the end of course survey. Forty-four of the participants were male, 49 were female, and 2 did not answer. Forty-one participants had no prior BLS/first aid training or exposure. The ages of participants ranged from 13 to 52 years. The course participants included two physicians, 22 students, eight nursing students, seven nurses, 20 teachers, 12 health workers, five drivers, and 14 laborers. Of those surveyed, 92 stated they would recommend this course to a friend. Eighty-eight participants stated that hands on learning helped them better learn the course material.ConclusionThis sustainable, locally controlled training model increased local skill level for basic first responders in rural Haiti.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document