scholarly journals STUDI KARAKTERISTIK MINERAL PIRIT PADA BATUBARA BERDASARKAN HASIL ANALISIS MIKROSKOPI, PROKSIMAT, SULFUR TOTAL, DAN X-RAY DIFRACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo ◽  
Sufriadin Sufriadin ◽  
Ansyariah Ansyariah ◽  
Agus Ardianto Budiman ◽  
Nur Asmiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine

Mineral pirit merupakan salah satu mineral sulfida yang sangat sering dijumpai di dalam batubara. Kehadiran mineral pirit sangat berpotensi menimbulkan masalah pada kegiatan penambangan dan pemanfaatan batubara. Terkhusus pada kegiatan penambangan, mineral pirit berpotensi menimbulkan air asam tambang (acid mine drainage) dan pada pemanfaatannya menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Permasalahan tersebut melatarbelakangi penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan penelitian dan analisis terhadap karakteristik mineral pirit yang terkandung pada batubara di Desa Massenrengpulu, Kecamatan Lamuru, Kabupaten Bone, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis mikroskopi (petrografi), ultimat (total sulfur) dan X-Ray Diffraction. Hasil analisis mikroskopi menunjukkan bahwa mineral pirit pada batubara di bawah mikroskop terlihat dalam keadaan bebas (tidak terikat) dan tidak terinklusi oleh mineral lain. Kenampakan di bawah mikroskop juga memperlihatkan adanya mineral kuarsa yang diinklusi oleh mineral karbonat. Kenampakan mineral pirit (FeS2) (iron sulfide) memperlihatkan warna krem pucat, isotropik, relief tinggi, berbutir halus, tersebar tidak merata pada massa maseral. Hasil pengamatan mikroskop menunjukkan bahwa bentuk mineral pirit yang dominan adalah bentuk pirit framboidal yang terdiri dari kristal oktahedral, ukuran halus dan speroidal. Hasil analisis XRD memperlihatkan mineral pirit terdeteksi dalam difaktogram pada semua conto batubara ML-1, ML-2A, ML-3, ML-4 dan ML-F. Pada sampel ML-1 terlihat peak tertinggi dengan sudut 2θ 33.26o dan  intensitas 2.6195Å. Pada Conto ML-1 juga terlihat di sudut 2θ 57.982o dengan intensitas 1.5893Å dan peak pirit masih sangat mendominasi dan mempunyai sistem kristal isometrik. Hasil analisis ultimat (total sulfur) conto batubara yang diteliti memiliki kandungan sulfur minimum 1,54% (sampel ML-F) dan  maksimum 11,86% (sampel ML-1). Rata-rata kandungan sulfur total pada sampel batubara di daerah penelitian memperlihatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 5,18%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa batubara yang dianalisis dikatagorikan sebagai batubara dengan kandungan sulfur yang tinggi. Mineral pirit merupakan mineral sulfida yang paling umum dijumpai pada batubara dan memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap kandungan sulfur pada batubara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, karakteristik pirit pada batubara yang terdapat di daerah penelitian berpotensi memicu terbentuknya air asam tambang dan dapat menimbulkan masalah dalam pemanfaatannya.Kata Kunci: batubara, mineral pirit, total sulfur, mikroskopi, XRD, air asam tambang.

Mineralogy and chemistry of ochre sediments from an acid mine drainage near a disused mine in Cornwall, UK

Clay Minerals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balwant Singh ◽  
M. J. Wilson ◽  
W. J. McHardy ◽  
A. R. Fraser ◽  
G. Merrington
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractOchre sediments from acid mine drainage in Cornwall have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, thermal methods, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and chemical methods in order to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. Fresh sediments consist of ferrihydrite and goethite. Large fractions of these minerals are dissolved by the ammonium oxalate treatment reflecting their poorly crystalline structure. Fresh sediments contain large amounts of surface-adsorbed SO4 (up to 9.3%) which is readily desorbed by the PO4 treatment. Goethite is the only mineral present in relatively older sediments and the mineral is well crystallized with rod-shaped morphology. Environmental conditions, such as pH and SO4 content, are not favourable for the presence of schwertmannite at the site. Iron minerals appear to be precipitating around filamentous algae and the shape of algae is preserved in the Fe oxide matrix. The ubiquitous presence of algae in close association with Fe minerals indicate their possible role in the crystallization of Fe oxides.

scholarly journals Initial pH and K+ concentrations jointly determine the types of biogenic ferric hydroxysulfate minerals and their effect on adsorption removal of Cr(VI) in simulated acid mine drainage

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 2183-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwei Song ◽  
Jianyu Zhang ◽  
Heru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Adsorption Removal ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Strong Ability

Abstract It is of practical significance to promote the transformation of Fe in acid mine drainage (AMD) into ferric hydroxysulfate minerals with strong ability to remove heavy metals or metalloids. To investigate the types of biogenic ferric hydroxysulfate minerals generated in AMD by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans), different pH and K+ concentrations are tested for the formation of precipitates in media containing 160 mmol/L Fe2+. The Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of ferric hydroxysulfate minerals in AMD with different acidities are also compared. Results indicate that the mineralizing abilities of the initial pH levels (pH 3.0 > pH 2.5 > pH 2.0) and K+ concentrations (53.3 mmol/L > 3.2 mmol/L ≈ 0.8 mmol/L) differ, with cumulative Fe precipitation efficiencies of 58.7%, 58.0%, and 44.2% (K+ = 53.3 mmol/L), and 58.7%, 29.9%, and 29.6% (pH 3.0) after 96 h of A. ferrooxidans incubation, respectively. X-ray diffraction indicates that K-jarosites are formed in the treatments n(Fe)/n(K) = 0.1 and 3 at pH 2.0–3.0, while only schwertmannite is generated in a system of pH 3.0 and n(Fe)/n(K) = 200. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that HCrO4− may be adsorbed as an inner-sphere complex on schwertmannite when the AMD pH is 3.0.

scholarly journals Effective Desalination of Acid Mine Drainage Using an Advanced Oxidation Process: Sodium Ferrate (VI) Salt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Alexis Munyengabe ◽  
Caliphs Zvinowanda ◽  
James Ramontja ◽  
John Ngoni Zvimba
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Acid Mine

The screening and treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) using Na2FeO4 was explored. Elemental composition was performed, using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for the raw and treated AMD. The AMD samples were collected from three different sampling sites:(Raw Tailing Water 1 (RTW1), Raw Tailing Water 2 (RTW2) and Raw Tailing Water 3 (RTW3)) in Pretoria, South Africa, with acidic pH ranging between 2.50 and 3.13. Total dissolved solids and the electrical conductivity of AMD samples ranged between 960 and 1000 mg L−1, 226 and 263 µS. cm−1, respectively. The final pH of treated water samples increased up to ≥9.5 after treatment with sodium ferrate (VI) (Na2FeO4). Liquid Na2FeO4 was quantitatively produced through a wet oxidation method and was fully characterized, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and UV-Vis instruments. Na2FeO4 showed dual functions by removing metals and raising the pH of the treated water. Concentrations of most trace elements did not comply with WHO and DWAF guideline standards in raw AMD while after treatment with Na2FeO4, the concentrations were below guidelines for domestic and irrigation purposes.

Characterization of Philippine Natural Zeolite and its Application for Heavy Metal Removal from Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Olegario-Sanchez ◽  
Christian Mark Pelicano
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine

In this study, the adsorption efficiency of Philippine natural zeolite for treating acid mine drainage is investigated. The metal ions considered were Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ ions. The natural zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD result revealed that the natural zeolite is mainly composed of heulandite (Ca,Na)2-3Al3(Al,Si)2Si13O36 • 12H2O. Plate-like structures having rough surface and micro-pores were observed. The natural zeolite exhibited adsorption efficiencies of 99.03%, 35.88% and 35.36% for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions, respectively, which are higher than those of alumina adsorbent for the same ions. Based on these results, the Philippine natural zeolite has a great potential for removing cationic heavy metal species from acid mine drainage (AMD).

An evaluation of waste gypsum-based precipitated calcium carbonate for acid mine drainage neutralization

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Zvimba ◽  
J. Mulopo ◽  
L. T. Bologo ◽  
M. Mathye
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Neutralization ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Waste Gypsum ◽  
Major Oxide

Precipitated CaCO3 compounds recovered from pulped waste gypsum using some carbonate and hydroxide-based reagents were evaluated for their utilization in acid mine drainage (AMD) neutralization. The neutralization potentials, acid neutralization capacities and compositions of the CaCO3 compounds were determined and compared with some commercial CaCO3. It was observed that CaCO3 recovered from waste gypsum using Na2CO3 significantly neutralized AMD compared with commercial CaCO3 and that recovered using both (NH4)2CO3 or NH4OH-CO2 reagents. Moreover, a higher acid neutralization capacity of 1,370 kg H2SO4/t was determined for CaCO3 recovered from waste gypsum using Na2CO3 compared with an average of 721 and 1,081 kg H2SO4/t for ammonium-based CaCO3 and commercial CaCO3 respectively. The inorganic carbon content for the CaCO3 recovered using Na2CO3 and ammonium-based reagents of 49 and 34% respectively confirmed their observed neutralization potentials and acid neutralization capacities, while energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence suggested absence of major oxide impurities, with the exception of residual SO42− and Na2O which still requires further reduction in the respective compounds.

scholarly journals Arsenic (V) Removal by an Adsorbent Material Derived from Acid Mine Drainage Sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Erdenechimeg Byambaa ◽  
Jaeyoung Seon ◽  
Tae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Shin Dong Kim ◽  
Won Hyun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Bet Analysis

Arsenic is a toxic element that is often found in drinking water in developing countries in Asia, while arsenic poisoning is a serious worldwide human health concern. The objective of this work is to remove arsenic (V) (As(V)) from water by using an adsorbent material prepared from mine waste, called MIRESORBTM, which contains Fe, Al. The performance of the MIRESORBTM adsorbent was compared with granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), which is a commercial adsorbent. Adsorbents were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and N2 sorption with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The kinetics, isotherms, and pH-dependency of arsenic adsorption were interrogated to gain insights into arsenic adsorption processes. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIRESORBTM was 50.38 mg/g, which was higher than that of GFH (29.07 mg/g). Moreover, a continuous column test that used environmental samples of acid mine drainage was conducted to evaluate the MIRESORBTM material for practical applications. The column could be operated for more than 5840 bed volumes without a breakthrough. Successful operation of a pilot plant using MIRESORBTM adsorbent was also reported. Thus, these studies demonstrate MIRESORBTM as a highly efficient and economical adsorbent derived from recycled mine sludge waste.

scholarly journals Covellite (CuS) Production from a Real Acid Mine Drainage Treated with Biogenic H2S

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Magalhães Pereira Silva ◽  
Adriano Reis Lucheta ◽  
José Augusto Pires Bitencourt ◽  
Andre Luiz Vilaça do Carmo ◽  
Ivan Patricio Ñancucheo Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Acid Mine

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an environmental problem associated with mining activities, which resulted from the exposure of sulfur bearing materials to oxygen and water. AMD is a pollution source due to its extreme acidity, high concentration of sulfate, and soluble metals. Biological AMD treatment is one alternative to couple environmental amelioration for valuable dissolved metals recovery, as a new source of raw materials. Covellite (CuS) particles were synthetized from an AMD sample collected in a Brazilian copper mine, after 48 and 96 h of exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced in a bioreactor containing acidophilic sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The time of exposure affected the morphology, nucleation, and size of CuS crystals. CuS crystals synthetized after 96 h of H2S exposure showed better ordination as indicated by sharp and intense diffractograms obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the predominance of placoid sheets with hexagonal habit structure as observed by scanning electrons microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry indicated a Cu:S molar ratio in agreement with CuS. Granulometric analysis demonstrated that 90% of CuS particles were less than 22 µm size. AMD biological treatment is a potential economical CuS recovery option for metallurgical process chain incorporation, or new industrial applications, since the alteration of synthesis conditions can produce different crystal forms with specific characteristics.

scholarly journals Analysis of the potential of acid mine drainage generation from the neutralized coal mining tailings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2925-2930
Author(s):  
Mihloti Nwamahoza Mdumela ◽  
Fhatuwani Sengani
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mining Tailings ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Neutralizing Potential ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Mining activities specifically Coal Mining have been long testified to be one of the major contributing factors to environmental crisis, with Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) as one of the leading indicators. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of AMD generation from neutralized coal mining tailings. In order to achieve the ultimate objective of the study, analysis of chemical composition and mineral content of the tailings using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) respectively, lastly, a static analysis such as ABA (Acid Base Accounting) and TCLP (Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure) were also conducted. The results have shown that the studied tailing samples had relatively higher Acid Potential (19 kg CaCO3/t to 20 kg CaCO3/t) versus the Neutralizing Potential (NP) (14 kg CaCO3/t to 18 kg CaCO3/t). It was also found that the Net Neutralizing Potential Ratio (NNPR) is less than zero (-1.5 kg CaCO3/t to -5.40 kg CaCO3/t which indicates that the tailings have the potential to generate acid. The low concentration of CaO indicates acidic potential of the samples because CaO is a buffering mineral. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that Mine Tailings has the potential to generate acid; therefore, the contamination to the nearby watercourses is extremely possible if necessary remedial actions should be considered.

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