scholarly journals PENGARUH ARAH AKSIAL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKA BAMBU TUTUL (Bambusa maculata) di KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Febriana Tri Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Experiment Design ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Spotted bamboo was found in West Nusa Tenggara Province, especially in Eastern Lombok Regent. This bamboo has not been studied for its physical properties so that this study was aiming at identifying the physical properties of the bamboo. The information obtained from the study might be used by people for its appropriate utilization. The axial direction was investigated with the experimental method. This method investigated correlations among treated experiments [5]. The experiment design employed was complete random design (CRD) with the axial direction treatments: at the bottom, middle, and at the top portions with three replications. The statistical analyses were Anova with range tests at α = 5%, and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests at α = 5%. The results showed that the treatments of physical properties (axial directions at the bottom, middle and top portions) were significantly different, except for the density of air-dried and oven-dried bamboo. The average of fresh moisture content was 73.73%, air-dried moisture content 12.56%; fresh volume density 0.68; air-dried volume density 0.80; oven-dried volume density 0.81.

scholarly journals KARATERISTIK SIFAT FISIKA BAMBU TALI (GIGANTOLOCHLOA APUS KURZ ), SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BAMBU KERAJINAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Febriana Tri Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Bamboo Species

The centre of bamboo crafts in Gunung Sari District is the largest bamboo centre in West Lombok Regency. One of the bamboo species which is usually used as raw materials is tali bamboo. Studies of physical properties of this bamboo have not been carried out resulting poor quality of bamboo crafts. The physical property was essensial information which would be used for enhancing the products because it correlated with dimensional stability of the bamboo. The objectives of this study were to identify the physical properties of the bamboo with reference to the axial direction. The experiment design was complete random design employing the axial directions (bottom, middle, and top portions) as treatments. The statistical analyses were Anova with range tests at α = 5%. The results showed that the physical properties were: fresh moisture content 51-119.82%; air-dried moisture content 13.03-15.04%; fresh volume density 0.51 – 0.72; air-dried volume density 0.62 – 0.75; oven volume density 0.63 – 0.78. Axial directions of the physical properties were not significantly different except for the fresh moisture content. Therefore all portions of tali bamboo (bottom, middle, and top portions) could be utilized as raw materials for bamboo crafts.

scholarly journals Processing of Wild Sunflower with Different Moisture Contents into Solid Bio Fuel

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fabie T. Dummapi ◽  
Jacqueline I. Liniasan ◽  
Marvin T. Valentin ◽  
Milagros B. Onalan ◽  
Leonardo D. Dumalhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Moisture Contents

Wild sunflower with moisture contents of 16%, 12% and 8% was densified without the addition of binding agent. The physical properties of the formed briquettes such as mass, dimensions, volume, density and shattering resistance were evaluated. Thermal properties like ignition time, burning time, ash content, and thermal fuel efficiency by means of boiling test were also evaluated. Wild Sunflower stems were gathered and shredded using locally fabricated biomass shredder available at the Research Office of Benguet State University, and were processed into the desired size and moisture contents. Right after the briquetting operation, the physical properties of the briquette were measured and then stored in a zip bag for 24 hours. After the storage, same measurement was conducted. Results show that the influence of moisture contents on the average mass, dimension, shattering resistance, volume and density was statistically insignificant. The wild sunflower with moisture content of 16% had the highest shattering resistance of 88.85%. Furthermore, the influence of moisture content on the thermal properties like ignition time, burning time and ash content are statistically insignificant. Among the moisture contents, the fastest ignition time of 43.75 sec with longest burning time was recorded under 12%. Ash content was also lowest at 12%.

Variation of the Physical Properties of Sheanut (Vitellaria Paradoxa Gaertn.) Kernels during Convective Drying

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Nde Bup ◽  
César Kapseu ◽  
Dzudie Tenin ◽  
Alexis Kuitche ◽  
Charles Fon Abi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drying Models ◽  
Convection Dryer

The effect of moisture content and drying temperature of Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn kernels on some of its physical properties was investigated. The kernels which were harvested at a moisture content of about 60% (wet basis) and hence prone to high post harvest losses from two ecological zones of Cameroon (Bangoua in West province and Tchabal in Adamawa province) were dried in a forced convection dryer at 40oC, for 6, 20, 48, 72 and 96 hours to give moisture contents ranging from 10 to 60% wet basis. Ten trees from each of the zones were carefully selected to serve as sources for the ripe kernel bearing shea fruits that were used as samples for this study. For each parameter studied, a sample population of 30 kernels selected at random per tree was used. The results obtained revealed that there was a significant difference in the physical properties of the kernels from different trees irrespective of the locality. The bulk density, true density, sphericity and porosity varied non-linearly with the moisture content. Kernels with larger masses showed a different variation pattern of bulk density and porosity with moisture content compared to the lighter kernels. The variation of the bulk density, sphericity, porosity of sheanut kernels with moisture content and temperature was satisfactorily modelled with empirical equations. The samples underwent considerable shrinkage (up to 35%) during the drying process. Three empirical models were used to describe the shrinkage behaviour of the kernels and it is proposed that these models could be incorporated in drying models.

scholarly journals Some physical properties of kariya (Hildegardia barteri) nut/ kernel relevant to the design of its processing equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 083-090
Author(s):  
Ubong Edet Assian ◽  
Akindele Folarin Alonge
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Mean Diameter

Kariya kernel is very rich in essential fats, oils and other valuable nutrients which may find applications in many food formulations. To harness these nutrients, processing equipment and machines are to be used. In order to effectively design these machines, the values of some physical properties of kariya nut and kernel are needed. In this study, some physical properties of the kariya nut and kernel were investigated. Results showed that mean major diameter, intermediate diameter, minor diameter and unit mass obtained at the nut moisture content of 19.83 ± 3.71 (w.b.) were 14.16 ± 0.79 mm, 10.17 ± 0.36 mm, 9.78 ± 0.28 mm and 0.503 ± 0.05g, respectively while the corresponding values obtained at the kernel moisture content of 8.89 ± 2.22% (w.b.) were 9.07 ±0.72 mm, 7.32 ±0.49 mm, 7.08 ± 0.41 mm and 0.328 ± 0.03 g, respectively. The values of calculated geometric mean diameter were 11.20 ±mm and 7.77 ± 0.36 mm, for the kariya nut and kernel, respectively. The skewness value of the sample distribution of 0.08 and -0.24 were recorded for the kariya nut and kernel, respectively. The sphericity, surface area, volume, density, bulk density and porosity were 79.27 ± 3.07%, 394.75 23.13 mm2, 738.37 ± 64.96 mm3 , 681.1 ± 20 kg/m3, 440.24 ± 0.04 kg/m3 and 36.65 ± 0.74% ; and 85.97 ± 5.27%, 189.85 ± 17.34 mm2, 246.71 ± 33.60 mm3, 1342.1 ± 136.23 kg/m3, 773.06 ± 0.06 kg/m3 and 42.28 ± 4.10% for the kariya nut and kernel respectively.

scholarly journals Studies on Evaluation and Determination of Physical and Functional Properties of Millets. (Ragi and Pearl Millet)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Pawase ◽  
A Shingote ◽  
U D Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Dimensional Properties ◽  
Significant Difference

The study determined the physical properties of finger millet (FM) (Eluesine coracana) grains and the functional properties of FM flour. Physical properties such as colour attributes, sample weight, bulk density, true density, porosity, surface area, sample volume, aspect ratio, sphericity, dimensional properties and moisture content of grain cultivars were determined. Water absorption capacity (WAC), bulk density (BD), dispersibility, viscosity and micro-structure of FM flours were also evaluated. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23.0. Results showed that milky cream cultivar was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than other samples in sample weight, bulk density, true density, aspect ratio and sphericity. However, pearl millet, used as a control, was significantly different from FM flour on all dimensional properties. Moisture content of milky cream showed higher significant difference for both grains and flours as compared to brown and black grain/flours. Milky cream cultivar was significantly different in L , b , C , H values, WAC, BD and dispersibility for both FM grains and flours. Data showed that brown flour was significantly higher in viscosity than in milky and black flours. Microstructure results revealed that starch granules of raw FM flours had oval/spherical and smooth surface. The study is important for agricultural and food engineers, designers, scientists and processors in the design of equipment for FM grain processing. Results are likely to be useful in assessing the quality of grains used to fortify FM flour.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MEMBRAMO, SUPERWIN, AND CIMELATI RICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Mustofa Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Digital Caliper

Determination of the physical properties of rice is intended to facilitate the processing and handling to produce final product with best quality. These properties include geometry, surface area, volume, density, bulk density, porosity, and angle of repose. Determination of the physical properties of rice in terms of geometry is carried out by measuring length (L), width (W), and thickness (T). The measurement of these parameters uses a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The volume of rice can be determined based on dimensional parameters. Density, bulk density and porosity of rice were determined by measuring its mass using a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.001 gr and based on the determination of the volume. Angle of repose is determined by spilling rice on the flat surface of a container so that the height (h) of the pile of rice and the diameter (D) is known. Based on the research results, it is known that the geometry of Membramo, Superwin, and Cimelati rices does not have a significant difference, in fact there are similarities in the eccentricity aspect, where all three have the same value, namely 0.96. The average surface area value of Cimelati rice is greater than that of Membramo and Superwin rice, as well as its volume. The average of surface area and volume of Cimelati rice were 23.89 mm2 and 13.41 mm3, respectively. Meanwhile, Superwin rice has the largest individual and bulk densities, 1.42 gr/cm3 and 0.80 gr/cm3, respectively. In addition, Superwin and Cimelati rices have the lowest porosity and angle of repose, namely 40.69% and 26.59o.

Use of Video Replay in Judging Gymnastics Vaults

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Puhl
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Significant Difference

The effectiveness of using video replays to judge gymnastics vaulting was examined by determining reliability of judges' scores and comparing mean scores from original (live) vaults and video replays. Three experienced women gymnasts performed a total of 10 vaults (three different vaults) which were scored by 10 judges after the live vault, after randomized presentation of three replays (regular, slow, and regular speed) and after randomized presentation of one-replay (regular speed). Statistical analyses suggest that variability of scores was greater after the live vault than after either of the replay procedures, judges' reliability may be enhanced with video replays, and the use of video replays may be helpful in reducing variability of scores and producing more consistent mean scores with certain vaults. However, in a comparison of the conventional method of scoring (live vault) with the experimental method (live vault followed immediately by three replays), there was a significant difference between the two methods on only one of the 10 vaults. Further examination of the use of video replays to judge vaulting is suggested.

scholarly journals the Effect of Age and Height on Some Selected Physical Properties of Ethiopian Highland Bamboo (Yushania Alpina)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannis Gebremariam Girma ◽  
Dessie Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Ethiopian Highland ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Materials Used

Ethiopian highland bamboo is a multipurpose and a fast growing plant that supports local livelihoods in many ways. It is a source of food, fodder, furniture, textile raw material, building material, industrial inputs, fuel and other purposes in Ethiopia. Physical properties are considered to be important factors in determining the suitability of bamboo for various applications. A sufficient knowledge of the physical properties of bamboo ensures safe design for materials used in service.  In this study, Effects of age and height on the basic density, moisture content, wall thickness and culm diameter of Ethiopian highland bamboo (Yushinia alpina) were studied on 2, 3 and 4 years-old bamboo. The result of the study show that four years old bamboo had the highest moisture content and wall thickness and the lowest density and culm diameter. Density and culm diameter did not show significant difference between 2, 3, and 4 years of old bamboo. However, variation in moisture content and wall thickness were observed between the three age groups. Density had greatest in bottom and lowest, in the top. There is no variation of moisture content, wall thickness and culm diameter at different height positions (Bottom, Middle and Top).

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DEDAK PADI

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Febrina Grace Ivonne Marbun ◽  
Rahmat Wiradimadja ◽  
Iman Hernaman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The study aimed to determine the effect of storage time on the physical characteristics of rice bran. The study was carried out by the experimental method using a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were the length of storage, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The variables observed were the physical properties of rice bran which included specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density and moisture content. The collected data was analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan’s test. The results showed that the storage time from week 0 to week 4 did not have a significant effect on the specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density. The treatment of each other had a significant effect (P <0.05) increasing the rice bran moisture content. It was concluded that the length of storage increased the moisture content with the regression equation y = 1.0963X + 8.728 with R2 = 0.7602, r = 0.8719, but did not affect the physical characteristics of rice bran. Keywords: Density, Moisture Content, Physical Characteristics, Rice Bran, Storage Time

Properties of Gliricidia Wood (Gliricidia sepium) lntercropped with Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmy Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽  
Razali Abd Kader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Trees planted from agroforestry practices can become valuable resources in meeting the wood requirements of many nations. Gliricidia sepium is an exotic species introduced to the agricultural sector in Malaysia mainly for providing shade for cocoa and coffee plantations. This study investigates its wood physical properties (specific gravity and moisture content) and fibre morphology (length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness) of G. sepium at three intervals according to age groups ( three, five and seven years of ages). Specific gravity (0.72) was significantly higher at seven years ofage as compared to five (0.41) and three (0.35) years age group with a mean of 0.43 (p<0.05). Mean moisture content was 58.3% with no significant difference existing between the tree age groups. Fibre diameter (22.4 mm) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the trees which were three years of age when compared to five and seven years age groups (26.6 mm and 24. 7 mm), respectively. Means of fibre length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 0.83 mm, 18.3 mm, and 6.2 mm, respectively, with no significant differences detected between trees in all age groups. Further calculation on the coefficient of suppleness and runkel ratio suggest that wood from G.sepium may have the potential for insulation board manufacturing and paper making. However, future studies should experiment the utilisation of this species for these products to determine its full potential.

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