scholarly journals HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF FUEL COMBUSTION PROCESS IN LOW AND MEDIUM POWER BOILERS. PART 1. METHOD AND HARDWARE

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Arthur Zaporozhets ◽  
Yurii Kuts
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Control System ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Variable Frequency Drive

In Ukraine today there are more than 6000 boiler plants with a heating capacity of up to 1 Gcal/h with an efficiency of about 70 %, requiring replacement or modernization, 40 % of boilers are operated with an efficiency of less than 82 %, about 11000 boilers with a capacity of 100 kW to 1 MW have been in operation for over 20 years. Although the part of these boilers in the municipal heat power system of Ukraine does not exceed 14 %, the projected savings in natural fuel in these boilers is more than 130 million cubic meters per year. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the fuel combustion process in small and medium power boilers is an urgent task at the present time. The article presents the results of creating a method and hardware that implements it, to increase the speed and reliability of monitoring the process of fuel combustion in boiler units based on measuring the concentration of residual oxygen in exhaust gases. The developed method is implemented by stepwise correction of the ratio of the air-fuel mixture entering to the furnace of the boiler for combustion, according to feedback signals from a broadband oxygen sensor manufactured by Bosch, located in the outgoing channel. The air-fuel ratio control with automatic adjustment of the blower fan speed depending on the amount of fossil fuel supplied for combustion ensures low-toxic combustion of fuel with low emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, and high efficiency. Additional use of a variable frequency drive in the combustion control system allows to reduce energy consumption by 30-40 %, eliminate starting currents and motor overloads, reduce mechanical wear of equipment, increase the service life of contact switching equipment. In general, the developed fuel combustion control system allows to optimize the fuel combustion mode, taking into account the actual conditions, operating modes of the boiler unit and fuel characteristics; to reduce specific fuel consumption by at least 10%; to reduce the level of emissions of nitrogen oxides up to 40 % and carbon monoxide up to 50 %; to increase the efficiency by at least 5 %; qualitatively to simplify the work of the boiler maintenance personnel.

scholarly journals Analysis of Control System of Fuel Combustion in Boilers with Oxygen Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Zaporozhets
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Boiler Operation

The method of fuel quality control is considered, which is based on the using of the oxygen sensor (without sensors of incomplete fuel combustion products). An algorithm for the electric drive of a fan is proposed, which is based on a step changing in the rotation speed. The choice of broadband oxygen sensor as a basis for the development of a fuel combustion control system is determined. In the course of experimental studies, the possibility of reconstructing the boiler by replacing a burner with an installed control system was demonstrated. The commissioning works were carried out with the installed system, the optimum operating conditions of the boiler were determined (with the formation of CO in the flue gases at a minimum level <50 ppm). The technical characteristics of the boiler operation under different loads (from 10 % to 100 %) are considered. Ecological and economic analysis of the developed fuel combustion control system was carried out.

Woodchip Combustion Process Quality and the Amount of Combustion Air

2013 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Skok ◽  
Miroslav Rimár ◽  
Jozef Mižák
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Control System ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Process Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Secondary Air

The paper deals with woodchip combustion from the point of view of burning control. Control system has to ensure optimal ratio of fuel and air. There are a lot of conditions to satisfy optimization of woodchip burning. The contribution of the paper is concentrated on confirmation of fact that primary/secondary air relation can significantly reduce the among of unburned carbon monoxide.

Modelling of Nitric Oxide Formation During Liquid Fuel Combustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gil ◽  
Wojciech Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Nitric Oxide Formation ◽  
The Impact

A liquid fuel combustion process, being a source of many environmentally hazardous pollutants (e.g. nitric oxides, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot and sulphur oxides), is a subject of extensive research aimed at reduction of their emissions. A high temperature of the combustion air tends to increase the content of NOX in exhaust gases. Based on the experimental data and literature as well as using the CFD tools, a model of light fuel oil combustion has been developed with an emphasis on nitric oxide formation. The model adequately reflects the impact of geometry changes in the flow of combustion substrates on concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitric oxides in the chamber. The quantitative results obtained are comparable to the experimental data.

scholarly journals HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF FUEL COMBUSTION PROCESS IN LOW AND MEDIUM POWER BOILERS. PART 2. ALGORITHMIC SOFTWARE

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Arthur Zaporozhets ◽  
Yurii Kuts
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Boiler Units ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Made In

The efficiency of the functioning of boiler units depends on the availability of reliable information on the progress of technological processes. The lack of control and measuring systems for the composition of the exhaust gases leads to low efficiency of the boiler unit, in particular, due to poor-quality fuel combustion. Therefore, in modern operating conditions of boiler units, it is relevant to develop technological solutions focused on finding and minimizing the causes and mechanisms of the formation of harmful substances in exhaust gases. Due to the fact that replacement of outdated boiler units with new ones requires significant capital investments, a promising direction is the modernization of existing boiler units. It is a low-cost and efficient way of rational use of fuel while simultaneously reducing the level of harmful substances in exhaust gases. It remains relevant to ensure the functioning of the control systems for the composition of the air-fuel mixture (AFM) with a given speed and high reliability of maintaining the excess air ratio (EAR) at the stoichiometric level. In the article the high-quality algorithm is proposed for the operation of an automatic control system for the combustion of fuel in boilers of medium and low power by regulating the ratio of the components of the AFM for the burner with feedback according to the signals of the oxygen sensor. The algorithms for the operation of the frequency regulator of the ratio of the components of the AFM in various operating modes are considered. The developed algorithms allowed maintaining the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in the boiler furnace, reducing the level of toxic emissions into the atmosphere and increasing the boiler efficiency by optimizing the fuel combustion process. The AFM ratio programmer is made in the LM Programmer technical programming environment and works with Windows operating systems (XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10) and oxygen sensors manufactured by Bosch. The visualization of the control process of the fuel combustion process is made in the technical programming environment LogWorks 3 and operates in the environment of Windows operating systems.

Aspects Regarding the Influence of Lambda Control System Faults on Pollutant Emissions of Spark Ignition Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Lespezeanu ◽  
Florin Marius Militaru ◽  
Octavian Alexa ◽  
Constantin Ovidiu Ilie ◽  
Marin Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Experimental Researches

Flow corrections established based on Lambda control system of spark ignition engines, determines in a decisively way the quality of air-fuel mixture. Faults in the operation of the control system generates deviations of the mixture composition from stoichiometric report, in this way affecting the entire combustion process in engine cylinders. This phenomenon leads, among others, to changes regarding the density of pollutant emissions from exhaust gases. In this context, this paper presents experimental researches made using the simulation of faults that may occur in the control system to highlight their influence on the concentration of engine emissions.

scholarly journals Biomass Combustion Control in Small and Medium-Scale Boilers Based on Low Cost Sensing the Trend of Carbon Monoxide Emissions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Jana Mižáková ◽  
Ján Piteľ ◽  
Alexander Hošovský ◽  
Ivan Pavlenko ◽  
Marek Ochowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Control System ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
The Real ◽  
Medium Scale

The article deals with the possibility of efficient control of small and medium-scale biomass-fired boilers by implementing low-cost sensors to sense the trend of carbon monoxide emissions into control of the biomass combustion process. Based on the theoretical analysis, a principle block diagram of the process control system was designed for the possibility of providing near-optimal control of the biomass combustion regardless of its quality parameters. A cost-effective hardware solution to obtain the dependence of CO emissions on O2 concentration in flue gas during combustion and new control algorithms was implemented into the process control and monitoring system of the biomass-fired boilers to test them in the real operation. A description of the designed control system, a data analysis of the monitored values and their impact on combustion process, and some results of the implemented control of the real biomass combustion process are presented in the article.

AIR POLLUTION BURNING DIFFERENT KINDS OF WOOD IN SMALL POWER BOILERS/APLINKOS ORO TARŠA DEGINANT SKIRTINGAS MEDIENOS KURO RŪŠIS MAŽO GALINGUMO KATILUOSE/ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ВОЗДУХА ГАЗОВЫМИ ВЫБРОСАМИ ПРИ СЖИГАНИИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ДРЕВЕСНОГО ТОПЛИВА В КOТЛAX НEБOЛЬШOЙ МOЩНOCТИ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Gimbutaitė ◽  
Zenonas Venckus
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Measurement Spot

Experimental investigations have been performed, during which different kinds of wood have been burnt (firewood, wood granules, wood briquettes, sawdust) with the aim to determine the quantities of gases emitted in the air. For the investigation a water boiler burnt by solid fuel with a nominal capacity of 20 kW was applied. For testing gas analyser Testo‐350 was used to measure the quantity of gas dispersed into the air (in carbon monoxide ‐ CO and nitrogen oxides ‐NOx smoke, the quantity of oxygen ‐ O2, the smoke temperature of concentrations in the measurement spot). The quantities of harmful gaseous materials have been measured burning different kinds of wood. The smallest quantities of gaseous materials have been obtained in the process of burning wood granules. The possibility to regulate the combustion process diminishes the gas emission. Santrauka Eksperimentiniu tyrimu metu buvo deginamas ivairiu rūšiu medienos kuras ‐ malkos, granules, briketai ir pjuvenos, siekiant nustatyti degimo metu i aplinkos ora išsiskiriančiu duju kiekius. Tyrimams naudotas kietojo kuro vandens šildymo katilas, skirtas ivairioms patalpoms šildyti, kurio nominalusis galingumas 20 kW. Bandymo metu duju analizatoriumi Testo‐350 išmatuotos degimo metu i aplinkos ora išsiskiriančiu duju ‐ anglies monoksido (CO), azoto oksidu (NOx) koncentracijos dūmuose, deguonies (O2) kiekis, taip pat dūmu temperatūra koncentraciju matavimo vietoje. Išanalizuoti išsiskyrusiu degimo metu dujiniu teršalu kiekiai deginant skirtingas medienos kuro rūšis. Mažiausiai dujiniu medžiagu, palyginti su kitomis medienos kuro rūšimis, susidaro deginant granules. Galimybe reguliuoti granuliu degimo procesa sumažina išmetamu duju kieki. Резюме Проведены экспериментальные исследования сжигания различных видов древесного топлива – дров, гранул, брикетов, опилок – с целью установить количество попадающих в атмосферу газовых выбросов, образующихся во время сжигания. Для эксперимента использован водяной котел, подогреваемый твердым топливом. Мощность котла – 20 kW. Газовые выбросы, попадающие в атмосферу в процессе горения, измерялись газовым анализатором Testo-350. Установлены концентрации CO и NOx в дымовом потоке, количество O2 , температура дыма в местах измерения концентраций. Проанализированы количественные показатели газовых выбросов, образовавшихся при сжигании различных видов древесины. Наименьшее количество газовых выбросов по сравнению с другими видами древесного топлива образуется при сжигании древесных гранул. Возможность регулировать процесс сжигания гранул уменьшает эмисcию газов.

YSZ oxygen sensor for lean burn combustion control system

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Yun ◽  
Dong Il Kim ◽  
Chong Ook Park
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Lean Burn

Monitoring of Operating Conditions of Biomass Combustion Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Boržíková ◽  
Jozef Mižák ◽  
Ján Piteľ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Control System ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Process Control System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Technical Realization

This paper describes technical realization of operation monitoring of biomass combustion process. Due to specific properties of biomass fuel and specific demands for economic and ecological conditions of operation of biomass combustion devices, process control system has to be monitored. During process monitoring problem with sensing process variables occurs and that’s why this paper also deals with a method of signal filtration of carbon monoxide and oxygen concentration, because signal includes an interference parts.

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