At Threshold of Restless World: Modern Epoch and Recessionary Seventies

2010 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
A. Dynkin ◽  
V. Pantin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
The U.S

The 2008–2009 global financial and economic crisis was a result of the global balance disturbance in world economy and international relations. The global leader – the U.S. has been weakened, but temporarily. As long as there is no serious alternative candidate, American domination will continue. In the foreseeable future, the world is likely to face plenty of economic upheavals and political conflicts linked to the development of new technologies, the asymmetry of demographic trends in various regions resulting in mass migration, climate change and environmental problems including scarcity of fresh water. One of the major new trends is globalization, and no single nation, however powerful, is capable of managing it.

Leviathan on a Leash

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Fleming
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The State ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World

States are commonly blamed for wars, called on to apologize, held liable for debts and reparations, bound by treaties, and punished with sanctions. But what does it mean to hold a state responsible as opposed to a government, a nation, or an individual leader? Under what circumstances should we assign responsibility to states rather than individuals? This book demystifies the phenomenon of state responsibility and explains why it is a challenging yet indispensable part of modern politics. Taking Thomas Hobbes' theory of the state as a starting point, the book presents a theory of state responsibility that sheds new light on sovereign debt, historical reparations, treaty obligations, and economic sanctions. Along the way, it overturns longstanding interpretations of Hobbes' political thought, explores how new technologies will alter the practice of state responsibility as we know it, and develops new accounts of political authority, representation, and legitimacy. The book argues that Hobbes' idea of the state offers a far richer and more realistic conception of state responsibility than the theories prevalent today and demonstrates that Hobbes' Leviathan is much more than an anthropomorphic “artificial man.” The book is essential reading for political theorists, scholars of international relations, international lawyers, and philosophers. It recovers a forgotten understanding of state personality in Hobbes' thought and shows how to apply it to the world of imperfect states in which we live.

scholarly journals World trade and regional trade orientation in the context of forthcoming transatlantic trade and investment partnership

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czarny ◽  
Paweł Folfas
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

We analyse potential consequences of the forthcoming Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States (TTIP) for trade orientation of both partners. We do it so with along with the short analysis of the characteristics of the third wave of regionalism and the TTIP position in this process as well as the dominant role of the EU and the U.S. in the world economy – especially – in the world trade. Next, we study trade orientation of the hypothetical region created in result of TTIP. We use regional trade introversion index (RTII) to analyze trade between the EU and the U.S. that has taken place until now to get familiar with the potential changes caused by liberalization of trade between both partners. We analyze RTII for mutual trade of the EU and the U.S. Then, we apply disaggregated data to analyze and compare selected partial RTII (e.g. for trade in final and intermediate goods as well as goods produced in the main sectors of economy like agriculture or manufacturing). The analysis of the TTIP region’s orientation of trade based on the historical data from the period 1999-2012 revealed several conclusions. Nowadays, the trade between the EU and the U.S. is constrained by the protection applied by both partners. Trade liberalization constituting one necessary part of TTIP will surely help to intensify this trade. The factor of special concern is trade of agricultural products which is most constrained and will hardly be fully liberalized even within a framework of TTIP. Simultaneously, both parties are even now trading relatively intensively with intermediaries, which are often less protected than the average of the economy for the sake of development of final goods’ production. The manufactured goods are traded relatively often as well, mainly in consequence of their poor protection after many successful liberalization steps in the framework of GATT/WTO. Consequently, we point out that in many respects the TTIP will be important not only for its participants, but for the whole world economy as well. TTIP appears to be an economic and political project with serious consequences for the world economy and politics.

scholarly journals A dinâmica da integração internacional das economias e o Brasil: um exercício teórico

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Eiiti Sato
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Since the exchange of goods, services, and capital became a worldwide system some nations have succeeded becoming wealthy and prosperous while many others have failed remaining in poverty. Over the last three decades the dynamism of the increasing integrated world economy became an essential part of the process of economic growth, and as a consequence growth has been meager in countries like Brazil whose authorities have remained systematically hesitant to integrate the domestic markets into the world economy, staying apart from the main flows of trade and capital. The article discusses also why economic development studies has moved from the field of Economy to the field of International Relations forming the area of International Political Economy studies which is mainly driven to understand the trends and changes in the relationship between the state institutions and the market forces in the national and international levels. The essay concludes that to any country the process of integrating into the world economy means exploring and improving national potentialities rather than abandoning national identity and interests. 

scholarly journals Origins and Resolution of Financial Crises: Lessons from the Current and Northern European Crises

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Østrup ◽  
Lars Oxelheim ◽  
Clas Wihlborg
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Credit Crunch ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

Since July 2007, the world economy has experienced a severe financial crisis that originated in the U.S. housing market. Subsequently, the crisis has spread to financial sectors in European and Asian economies and led to a severe worldwide recession. The existing literature on financial crises rarely distinguishes between factors that create the original strain on the financial sector and factors that explain why these strains lead to system-wide contagion and a possible credit crunch. Most of the literature on financial crises refers to factors that cause an original disruption in the financial system. We argue that a financial crisis with its contagion within the system is caused by failures of legal, regulatory, and political institutions.

Challenges of Global Crisis. Italy

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
I. Semenenko ◽  
I. Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World

A new stage has been reached in assessing new global trends. It is necessary to evaluate the West’s experience and its adaptability to the rest of the world. This journal begins a series of publications analyzing some of the leading states. For a starter, we offer contemporary Italy. Participants of the seminar are well-known scholars working at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations I. Semenenko and K. Kholodkovskiy (the main speakers), N. Goffe, N. Kisovskaya, A. Avilova.

Summary and Appraisal

1990 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The World

Our forecasts, like those of the Treasury published in the Autumn Statement, are based on the assumption that oil prices will fall back next year, as the crisis in the Gulf is resolved. We describe briefly below what might be the consequences, for the world economy and for Britain, if oil prices were to be $45 a barrel for the foreseeable future, as might happen as a result of a long war.In Chapter I our main forecasts assume the continuation of existing economic policies, which we interpret as being consistent with a gradual move towards economic and monetary union. In Chapter III we consider some of the alternative policy options which might be considered if the Labour Party wins the next election.

scholarly journals Russia and the World: 2021. Annual Forecast: Economy and Foreign Policy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Usa

The report “Russia and the World: 2021. Annual Forecast: Economy and Foreign Policy” continues the series of yearly publications of the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) and Foundation for Prospective Studies and Initiatives. It consists of two parts: “Economy” and “Foreign Policy”. Part I focuses upon Russian foreign trade-economic relations and analysis and forecast of the world (Russia, Europe, the USA, Japan, India) economic trends in 2020-2021, including international financial markets and main Russian export markets. The report is based on the decades long IMEMO experience in forecast research. Part II presents the forecast of international relations for 2021, it analyzes main challenges for Russia and options to respond them.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Olga Mikhailovna Markova ◽  
Elena Borisovna Starodubtseva
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Start Ups

In modern conditions the role of digitalization which is becoming the main factor of the development of the world economy, is growing significantly, as the competitiveness of individual countries is determined by the level of implementation of innovative banking technologies as a tool for creating digital financial ecosystems. At the same time, there are considered key indicators of bank customers activities related to Internet access and infrastructure development opportunities, the consumer demand for digital technologies, the specific application of legislative norms in this area, the development of innovations in individual countries based on additional investment in the latest technologies and digital start-ups. There is given the definition of the concept of digital economy, analysis of the development of digitalization in terms of its use in various areas: financial, production, trade, social. Within the framework of the national approach, digitization, for which a cyclical character is typical, is considered in detail. So, initially new technologies actively developed in the USA, Germany, Japan and other developed countries, but now these countries reduce the pace of growth of technological implementations, and the less developed countries, where the rates of digitalization are more significant. The article presents dividing countries in four categories, according to the growth of digitalization of the economy. In the world economy, the key to stability and high competitiveness in the long term should be the policy of continuous innovations, which requires from banks and other market participants to make quick and radical decisions that often affect their financial behavior and strategic line of development. Thus, the indicators of the involvement of countries in digital banking indicate that this type of banking activity is gaining momentum, and digitalization is currently the main vector of world development.

scholarly journals Compassionate Capitalism - The Pursuit of Equal Income Distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Rebeca Rodríguez Minor
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Global System ◽  
Economic Disparity ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Equal Income ◽  
Near Future

During the last decades, the great weaknesses of capitalism have flourished. Inequality of income distribution has worsened painfully, the gap between rich and poor widens more and more every day, and just a few lucky entrepreneurs in the world are able to enjoy the capital benefits of the global system. Hunger, poverty, demographic explosion, ageing, and unbridled mass migration, among other factors, have become critical social dilemmas directly related to capitalist deviations, all of which cause us to foresee a chaotic world scenario in the near future. The numbers shown in this article confirm that the world’s economic disparity, instead of diminishing, is increasing at an alarming rate. Unfortunately, since the world economy completely depends on capitalism, this system is still extremely powerful and influential in global decision-making, thus further aggravating economic disparity. Therefore, as it is not possible to avoid the capitalist system, we will make proposals that are feasible for implementing within the current capitalist tendencies in order to alleviate global imbalance. Compassionate Capitalism is an alternative that promotes flexibilization of the system in order to make it more sustainable. It seeks to diminish corporate control over the economy and markets by regaining the State’s economic intervention so that profits are fairly redistributed for the common welfare. The information used for the study is based on the most recent international reports and global circumstances of the topics in question.

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