Self-Portrait of Russian IR Theorists: Results of a Survey

2014 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
A. Tsygankov ◽  
P. Tsygankov
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Intellectual Diversity ◽  
Knowledge Formation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Dominance ◽  
The U.S

The article contributes to the recent discussion of roles played by the global core and periphery in forming knowledge about the world. As the world moves away from the U.S. political hegemony, the global scholarship on international relations too reflects a greater cultural diversity. The recent attempts by International Relations scholars to create room for knowledge from the perspective of the “non-American” and “non-Western” periphery have implications for Western, particularly American, intellectual hegemony. While inviting a dialogue across the globe, new voices from Asia, Africa, and Latin America are challenging the position of the West’s ideological and cultural dominance. The increasingly multipolar world may be becoming multicultural as well. The (re)emergence of discussion in International Relations theory on roles played by the global core and periphery in forming knowledge about the world raises important questions about the potential of “non-Western” cultures to contribute to global academic developments. If the world is indeed moving away from the U.S. political and intellectual hegemony, what role would local cultures have in knowledge formation? As a “semi-peripheral” nation, Russia may speak on behalf of both the center and peripheral parts of the world, thereby becoming an important voice in the global conversation. This paper reviews discussions among Russian scholars by identifying the dominant schools as Universalist and Pluralist. Both are in favor of Russia’s continued integration with the global IR community, but stress different sides of such integration. While Universalists argue for the ontological and epistemological unity of the world, Pluralists emphasize social, cultural, and intellectual diversity. Based on a survey among those teaching IR theory in Russian educational institutions, the paper also reviews development of the discipline as viewed by the Russian academic community. Russian academics assess the state of IR theory as a crisis relative to intellectual developments in the country’s recent past and abroad. The progress of Russian IR depends on its continued global integration and the development of indigenous Russian political thought.

Project STARSHINE (Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite for Heuristic International Networking Experiment)

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gilbert Moore
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Kennedy Space Center ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Kennedy Space ◽  
Government Laboratories ◽  
The U.S

Four spherical STARSHINE Aluminum nano-satellites, covered by laser retroreflectors and by up to 1500 small mirrors that were ground and polished by thousands of students all over the world, have been built by a voluntary consortium of educational institutions, private companies, government laboratories and individuals. Three of these satellites were launched into orbit by NASA during the peak of Solar Cycle 23 in the 1999 to 2001 time period. Two of them were deployed into orbit from Space Shuttle orbiters launched from the Kennedy Space Center, and one was deployed from an Athena expendable launch vehicle launched from Kodiak, Alaska. A fourth satellite is sitting in storage, awaiting launch during Solar Maximum 24 a few years from now. These satellites were tracked by radars of the U.S. Space Command, by lasers in the International Laser Ranging Network, and by the unaided eyes of students at sites all over the world. Their observations were reported to the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, where orbital dynamicists and solar-terrestrial physicists have used them to determine the density of the upper atmosphere in the altitude range of 300–500 km and to improve their computational codes for predicting the future orbital positions of satellites.

International Theory Book Symposium on Peter J. Katzenstein and Lucia A. Seybert, eds, Protean Power: Exploring the Uncertain and Unexpected in World Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Jacques E. C. Hymans
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
International Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Book Symposium

AbstractKatzenstein and Seybert's Protean Power offers a fresh perspective on the concept of power in international relations (IR) theory. Standard IR theory defines power as control power, which exists in the world of calculable risk. But IR must also grapple with protean power, which exists in the world of incalculable uncertainty. In this symposium, scholars representing a variety of theoretical perspectives evaluate the concept of protean power as it stands now and as it should develop in the future.

Post-Bipolar World: Peaceful Coexistence or Chaos?

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
A. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research University ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

The article explores characteristics of the international relations bipolar system, changes occurred after its collapse and the future of post-bipolar world, focusing on the role of non-Western actors in it. On one hand, the bipolar system provided stability of international relations, but on the other – lead to competition between the U.S. and the USSR for the influence on the third countries, which sometimes resulted in armed conflicts in the third states. The collapse of the Soviet Union convinced the West both in the universality of its development model and the necessity to spread it all over the world. Now it is clear that the “democratism” ideology failed politically and culturally. The Western model has neither become a panacea for eliminating disparities between countries on different stages of development, nor the only example of successful and strong governance. New power centers, such as Russia, China, India and Brazil, have been successfully developing after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Their influence has been growing along with that of the West, and even though they did not necessarily directly confront it, they never shared all its values, yet never actively imposed their positions on the rest of the world. Regional powers (Nigeria, Venezuela, etc.) are also playing a more significant role in the emerging system, although sometimes they may join the alliances with more powerful countries to achieve their goals (as Vietnam does with the U.S. in its conflict with China). Russia’s reluctance to follow the West in its development created the first serious alternative to the existing unipolar world model and its values, so naturally and widely accepted by the Western actors. Whereas China with its rapid economic development is also posing a challenge to the ideology of "democratism" proving that the economic welfare is achievable outside the Western political model. As for Russia, its role in the modern world is still not defined. The Russian Federation wants to become an independent power unit and a center of the Eurasian integration. However, it is not clear whether it has resources of all kinds to implement this idea, – moreover, its economic dependence on the West is still too strong to insist on further confrontation. Instead, Russia (as well as its partners in the Eurasian Economic Union) could use Eurasian integration platforms to act as an "ambassador" of Asia in Europe and that of Europe in Asia. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by the grant of the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University Higher School of Economics in 2016.

At Threshold of Restless World: Modern Epoch and Recessionary Seventies

2010 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
A. Dynkin ◽  
V. Pantin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
The U.S

The 2008–2009 global financial and economic crisis was a result of the global balance disturbance in world economy and international relations. The global leader – the U.S. has been weakened, but temporarily. As long as there is no serious alternative candidate, American domination will continue. In the foreseeable future, the world is likely to face plenty of economic upheavals and political conflicts linked to the development of new technologies, the asymmetry of demographic trends in various regions resulting in mass migration, climate change and environmental problems including scarcity of fresh water. One of the major new trends is globalization, and no single nation, however powerful, is capable of managing it.

scholarly journals Transnational theories of order and change: heterodoxy in International Relations scholarship

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONEN PALAN
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Empirical Theory ◽  
International Diffusion ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
French School ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And War

ABSTRACTIn this article I argue that the very meaning of ‘inter-national relations’ is emerging as a focus of debate in International Relations, particularly among the critical traditions in the discipline. No longer seen as a mere study of peace and war, IR is viewed as a component of general pan-disciplinary theories or order and change. The international sphere is perceived, accordingly, no longer as a system in its own right, but rather as a gigantic transmission belt, and a huge communication device transmitting and diffusing ideas, practices, rules, norms and institutions throughout the world. The article examines the implications of such an approach on IR theory. In addition, the article revisits the works of Hegel, Marx and the French School of Regulation to demonstrate how they developed an empirical theory of international diffusion.

We Are the World: The U.S. Supreme Court’s Use of Foreign Sources of Law

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-913
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Black ◽  
Ryan J. Owens ◽  
Jennifer L. Brookhart
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Judicial Politics ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

The United States Supreme Court recently employed foreign legal sources to interpret U.S. law, provoking widespread political and legal controversy. Scholars have yet to examine systematically the conditions under which justices cite foreign law, however. Applying theoretical approaches from international relations and judicial politics scholarship, we search every Supreme Court opinion between 1953 and 2009 for references to foreign law. Justices strategically reference foreign law to prop up their most controversial opinions. They also borrow law from countries whose domestic political institutions are viewed as legitimate; and, surprisingly, conservatives are as likely as liberals to cite foreign law. These findings add important information to the discussion over citing foreign law, and highlight how geopolitical context influences domestic legal policy.

scholarly journals Governmentality at the limits of the international: African politics and Foucauldian theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL DEATH
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
World Politics ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The World ◽  
Analytics Of Government ◽  
Foucauldian Theory

AbstractThe ability of International Relations theory to ‘travel well’ to other parts of the world has become one of the central questions within the discipline. This article argues that a Foucauldian-derived ‘analytics of government’ framework has particular advantages in overcoming some of the difficulties IR theory has faced abroad. These advantages include a methodological focus on specific practices of power at their point of application; attention to similarities between practices of power that cut across perceived binaries such as the domestic and international, and public and private; and an illumination of the ways in which practices of freedom are combined and interrelate with forms of coercion and violence. This argument is illustrated in the context of debates about the applicability of Foucauldian theory to African politics, through examples drawn from Bayart's work on globalisation, the power of development partnerships, and violence and civil war. It argues that deploying governmentality as an analytical framework, rather than seeing it as a specifically neoliberal form of power relation, can not only facilitate the application of IR theory outside Europe and North America but can also help develop a broader perspective on genuinely world politics.

scholarly journals China-U.S. Oil Rivalry in Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hong
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Consuming Country ◽  
The U.S

China is now the world’s second largest oil-consuming country after the U.S. Its global efforts to secure oil imports to meet increasing domestic demand have profound implications for international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. China’s rising oil demand and its external quest for oil have thus generated much attention. This paper looks at the possibility of China’s clash with the U.S. and other western countries’ interests in Africa as China’s overseas oil quest intensifies, and China’s perception of this impending rivalry that may lead to a disruption of the U.S. and its allies’ foreign policy and the world order.

scholarly journals FOREIGN ECONOMIC COMMUNICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
O.G. MOROZOVA ◽  
Yu.M. GALANOVA
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Topicality. The urgency of the problem is to stimulate the development of foreign economic relations in global integration processes. The article is devoted to the development of scientific principles and practical recommendations for stimulating the development of foreign economic relations in global integration processes and determining their impact on international relations. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop scientific principles and practical recommendations to stimulate the development of foreign economic relations in global integration processes and determine its impact on the international relations. On the basis of theoretical generalizations carried out in the study, it is proved that globalization of international relations and world economic relations is a natural process, which is to strengthen the interconnection and interaction of the main directions and components of the development of the world community. In the broad sense - it is multifactorial interaction of various phenomena of international life (economic, legal, social, political, ethical, religious, psychological). On the basis of the generalization of theoretical sources regarding the emergence of the globalization process, preconditions and causes of the process of globalization have been formed. Research results. It is proved that the globalization of international relations and world economic relations is a logical process, which is to strengthen the interconnection and interaction of the main directions and components of the development of the world community. In the broad sense - it is multifactorial interaction of various phenomena of international life (economic, legal, social, political, ethical, religious, psychological). The paper presents a comparative description of the consequences of globalization. A global assessment of the countries of the world according to the global competitiveness index for 2017-2018 has been carried out. It has been proved that the foreign economic relations in the global integration processes play a special role today. For the modern stage of development of world economic relations dynamism, liberalization, diversification of forms and types of foreign economic activity are characteristic. It is specified that in addition to traditional forms of foreign economic relations (foreign trade, investment cooperation), scientific and technical cooperation, industrial cooperation, monetary-financial, military-technical cooperation, tourism, etc. have been actively developed in recent years. It is argued that economic globalization is the process of formation and development of a single world economic and informational space, which accelerates the capitalization of the introduction of new ideas. Conclusion. The study made it possible to substantiate and develop scientific principles and scientific and practical recommendations for stimulating the development of foreign economic relations in global integration processes and determining its impact on the international relations. One of the current trends in the global economy is the internationalization of production, which allows transnational corporations to conquer new markets bypassing customs barriers. The study made it possible to substantiate and develop scientific principles and scientific and practical recommendations for stimulating the development of foreign economic relations in global integration processes and determining their impact on international relations.

scholarly journals Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles E. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Computer Security ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
The World ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Technology Group ◽  
The U.S

Strong cryptographic algorithms are essential for the protection of stored and transmitted data throughout the world. This publication discusses the development of Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 197, which specifies a cryptographic algorithm known as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The AES was the result of a cooperative multiyear effort involving the U.S. government, industry, and the academic community. Several difficult problems that had to be resolved during the standard’s development are discussed, and the eventual solutions are presented. The author writes from his viewpoint as former leader of the Security Technology Group and later as acting director of the Computer Security Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he was responsible for the AES development.

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