scholarly journals Plant Density and Genotype Evaluation for High Density Planting System of Cotton under Rainfed Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298
Author(s):  
A. D. Pandagale ◽  
K. S. Baig ◽  
S. S. Rathod ◽  
T. B. Namade
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Genotype Evaluation ◽  
Planting System

scholarly journals Protein yield and mineral contents in Pereskia aculeata under high-density planting system

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Regina de Miranda Souza ◽  
Paulo Roberto Gomes Pereira ◽  
Rafael Gustavo Faria Pereira ◽  
Ivan de Paiva Barbosa ◽  
Maria Cristina Baracat-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Planting System

ABSTRACT The development of technologies to increase the yield of Pereskia aculeata Mill. may contribute to its market insertion as an excellent source of protein. This study aimed to assess the influence of plant density on protein yield and mineral contents of P. aculeata leaves and branches. The experiment consisted of five treatments (1 plant m-², 5 plants m-², 10 plants m-², 25 plants m-² and 50 plants m-²), in three blocks. Eight consecutive harvests were obtained over 12 months, and 10 plants m-² was considered the best density, with yields of 144.0 t ha-1 year-1, 25.6 t ha-1 year-1, 310.8 t ha-1 year-1 and 58.3 t ha-1 year-1, respectively for leaf fresh and dry matter, and branch fresh and dry matter. The average leaf protein content (22.4 %) was not influenced by plant density. The estimated total protein yields were 5,759 kg ha-1 year-1 and 9,035.3 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively in the leaves and branches with leaves. The high-density system with 10 plants m-2 in successive harvests is a fast way to produce large amounts of vegetable protein and mineral-rich leaves per area and time for human and animal feeding.

scholarly journals LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4995
Author(s):  
Marco Custódio ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Sebastián Villasante ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Halimione Portulacoides ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

scholarly journals Response of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) to high density planting systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Ladaniya ◽  
R. A. Marathe ◽  
A. A. Murkute ◽  
A. D. Huchche ◽  
A. K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Major Nutrients

AbstractHigh density planting system i.e. accommodating a higher number of plants than routine in a given area is an innovative agro-technology to increase yield and thereby early net returns. Due to conventional wide spacing plantation in Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), the land remains unutilized as the plant canopy gradually increases over the years. In the present study, Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) budded on Rangpur lime rootstock was evaluated under six different planting spacings. It was observed that the organic carbon (1.10–1.82%) and major nutrients viz. N (309–430 kg ha−1), P (20–54 kg ha−1) and K (291–810 kg ha−1) increased vis-à-vis plant density and was highest under 2 × 2 m spacing. Plants were tallest at 2 × 2 m spacing with the higher PAR interception (88.2) and the lowest leaf area index (1.09). Fruit yield on area basis, under 2 × 2 m spacing was 26, 7.1, 4.6 times more as compared to conventional plantation during the first, second and third year, respectively. At fifth year of crop harvest, the highest B:C ratio (6.36) was recorded in 6 × 3 m followed by 4 × 2 m and 2 × 2 m.

scholarly journals Effect of planting system of potato and plant density of maize on productivity of potato- hybrid maize intercropping system

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409
Author(s):  
AA Begum ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
Amina Khatun ◽  
SK Das
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Planting System ◽  
Better Than

The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Field, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2010-11 to find out the appropriate planting system of potato and plant density of maize in potatohybrid maize intercropping system for maximum yield and economic return. Ten treatments were evaluated viz., T1= Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 125% hybrid maize (75 cm × 20 cm), T2=Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 100% hybrid maize (75cm × 25 cm), T3= Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 83% hybrid maize (75 cm × 30 cm), T4= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) + 125% hybrid maize (75 cm × 20 cm), T5= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) +100% hybrid maize (75 cm × 25 cm), T6= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) + 83% hybrid maize (75 cm × 30 cm), T7= Sole potato whole tuber single row planting system (60 cm × 25 cm), T8 = Sole potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm), T9= Sole hybrid maize in normal spacing 75 cm × 25 cm (sole HM1) and T10= Sole hybrid maize (75 cm × 25 cm) sown 30 days after potato planting (sole HM2). The results revealed that sole planting of both potato and maize produced the maximum yields. In case of sole potato, potato half tuber paired row planting system was better than potato whole tuber single row planting system. On the other hand, the performance of sole HM1 was better than sole HM2 in relation to growth, yield and economic performance. Over all T1 treatment ( potato whole tuber single row planting system with 125 % hybrid maize population) was the best intercropping system for getting higher yield and economic return as well as less relative crowding coefficient with better crop performance ratio.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 397-409, September 2016

scholarly journals Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5273
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo ◽  
Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman ◽  
María Cristina López-Méndez ◽  
Albino Martínez-Sibaja ◽  
Alberto A. Aguilar-Lasserre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants

Wastewater treatment (WWT) is a priority around the world; conventional treatments are not widely used in rural areas owing to the high operating and maintenance costs. In Mexico, for instance, only 40% of wastewater is treated. One sustainable option for WWT is through the use of constructed wetlands (CWs) technology, which may remove pollutants using cells filled with porous material and vegetation that works as a natural filter. Knowing the optimal material and density of plants used per square meter in CWs would allow improving their WWT effect. In this study, the effect of material media (plastic/mineral) and plant density on the removal of organic/inorganic pollutants was evaluated. Low (three plants), medium (six plants) and high (nine plants) densities were compared in a surface area of 0.3 m2 of ornamental plants (Alpinia purpurata, Canna hybrids and Hedychium coronarium) used in polycultures at the mesocosm level of household wetlands, planted on the two different substrates. Regarding the removal of contaminants, no significant differences were found between substrates (p ≥ 0.05), indicating the use of plastic residues (reusable) is an economical option compared to typical mineral materials. However, differences (p = 0.001) in removal of pollutants were found between different plant densities. For both substrates, the high density planted CWs were able to remove COD in a range of 86–90%, PO4-P 22–33%, NH4-N in 84–90%, NO3-N 25–28% and NO2-N 38–42%. At medium density, removals of 79–81%, 26–32, 80–82%, 24–26%, and 39–41%, were observed, whereas in CWs with low density, the detected removals were 65–68%, 20–26%, 79–80%, 24–26% and 31–40%, respectively. These results revealed that higher COD and ammonia were removed at high plant density than at medium or low densities. Other pollutants were removed similarly in all plant densities (22–42%), indicating the necessity of hybrid CWs to increase the elimination of PO4-P, NO3-N and NO2-N. Moreover, high density favored 10 to 20% more the removal of pollutants than other plant densities. In addition, in cells with high density of plants and smaller planting distance, the development of new plant shoots was limited. Thus, it is suggested that the appropriate distance for this type of polyculture plants should be from 40 to 50 cm in expansion to real-scale systems in order to take advantage of the harvesting of species in these and allow species of greater foliage, favoring its growth and new shoots with the appropriate distance to compensate, in the short time, the removal of nutrients.

Effects of high plant populations on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. LEACH ◽  
H. J. STEVENSON ◽  
A. J. RAINBOW ◽  
L. A. MULLEN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Rothamsted Experimental Station ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Very High

The effects of plant density on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were examined in a series of five multifactorial experiments at Rothamsted Experimental Station between 1984 and 1989. Plant densities, manipulated by changing the seed rate and row spacing, or because of overwinter losses, ranged from 13·5 to 372 plants/m2. Normalized yields for the multifactorial plots increased with densities up to 50–60 plants/m2. In very high density plots in 1987/88, yield decreased as density increased >150 plants/m2. Plants grown at high density had fewer pod-bearing branches per plant but produced more branches/m2. Branch dry matter (DM) per plant was decreased by 42%, the number of fertile pods per plant and pod DM/plant by 37%. There was no effect of density on the number or DM of pods/m2. Over 74% of the fertile pods were carried on the terminal and uppermost branches of plants grown at high density in 1987/88 compared with only 34% in plants grown at low density in 1988/89. Seed DM/plant decreased with increase in density but seed size (1000-seed weight) increased. There was no effect of density on seed glucosinolate or oil contents.

scholarly journals Marginal superiority of maize: an indicator for density tolerance under high plant density

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
High Density ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Tolerance Field

Abstract Marginal superiority is a common phenomenon in crops, and is caused by the competitiveness of individual plant for resources and crop adaptability to crowded growth conditions. In this study, in order to clarify the response of marginal superiority to maize morphology and plant-density tolerance, field experiments without water and nutrition stress were conducted at Qitai Farm in Xinjiang, China, in 2013–2014 and 2016–2019. The results showed that no more than three border rows of all the cultivars had marginal superiority under high density, about 90% of all the cultivars had no more than two border row that had marginal superiority and a significant negative correlation was observed between marginal superiority and population grain yield (first border row: y = − 2.193x + 213.9, p < 0.05; second border row: y = − 2.076x + 159.2, p < 0.01). Additionally, marginal superiority was found to have a significant positive relationship with plant density (first border row: y = 6.049x + 73.76, p < 0.01; second border row: y = 1.88x + 95.41, p < 0.05) and the average leaf angle above the ear (first border row: y = 2.306x + 103.1, p < 0.01). These results indicated that the smaller the leaf angle above the ear, the weaker the marginal superiority and the higher the grain yield. It suggests that the magnitude of marginal superiority in the border rows can be an indicator for plant-density tolerance under high density. What’s more, cultivars with small leaf angle above the ear can be selected to weaken the marginal superiority and improve grain yield under high plant density. Conversely, cultivars with a large leaf angle above the ear can be selected to achieve higher individual yield in intercropping systems with no more than four rows alternated with other crops.

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