scholarly journals Effect of Host Plants and Potting Mixture on Growth of Sandalwood Seedlings at Nursery Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
Shubhashree Sahu V. Maheswarappa ◽  
Ramakrishna Hegde N. Kencharaddi ◽  
B. N. Sathish
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Santalum Album L

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is one of the most valuable commercially cultivated aromatic species throughout the world. However, the availability of quality planting stock isthe current bottleneck in its establishment on large scale. The major problems, noticed during quality planting stock production in nurseries are scarce knowledge about host-parasite relationship and use of appropriate potting mixture apart from its seed germination. In this regard two experiments were carried out at the College of Forestry, Ponnampet during 2020-2021 to identify suitable host plant and potting mixture. Growth parameters were recorded after 90, 180 and 270 days of transplanting sandal seedlings into treatments. After 270 days of transplanting, the host plant A. lebbeck recorded higher survival of sandal seedlings (81.89 %) and the host plant C. junghuhniana had higher height growth (10.40 cm) with collar diameter 2.33mm. Potting mixture sand, soil, vermicompost, G. intraradices with C. Junghuhninana found effective for height (18.25 cm) and collar diameter (2.58 mm).

The anatomy of Santalum album (Sandalwood) haustoria

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kushan U. Tennakoon ◽  
Duncan D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Hyaline Body ◽  
Direct Pressure ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Santalum Album L

Structural attributes of Santalum album L. (Sandalwood) haustoria have been long overlooked in the literature. This is surprising since successful haustorial formation is key to the survival of individuals of this ecologically and economically important plant. We investigated the morphology of haustoria formed by S. album attached to one of its principal hosts Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray. The bell-shaped mature haustoria were composed of a peripheral hyaline body and a centrally located penetration peg. The parasite penetration peg can penetrate the host by means of direct pressure and the secretion of cell-wall-degrading enzymes when forming a successful graft union. The latter mechanism is supported by this study as we observed no evidence of collapsed host cells as the result of parasite applied pressure. Upon reaching the xylem tissue of the host root, the penetration peg formed a thin ellipsoidal disc and the host–parasite interface was almost entirely composed of parenchymatous tissue. Luminal continuities were absent between the xylem conducting tissues of the partners, thus suggesting mass flow of solutes is unlikely to occur in this association. High densities of contact parenchyma were found at the host–parasite interface; thus it is probable that these are the principal structures formed by the parasite that facilitate the acquisition of host-derived xylem resources. This study therefore concludes that haustorial anatomy of S. album supports cross membrane (potentially selective) uptake of host-derived solutes as opposed to mass flow via vascular continuity.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Bibit Cendana (Santalum album L.) dengan Inang Primer pada Intensitas Radiasi Berbeda

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-485
Author(s):  
Yudi Riadi FanggidaE ◽  
Impron Impron ◽  
Tania June
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Santalum Album L

The primary host of sandalwood seeds (Santalum album L.) which is widely used in the nursery process is Alternanthera sp. However, the local name given to this primary host is same as that given to Portulaca sp. The same local name for these two-different species may cause mistakes in the use of the primary host during the cultivating process of sandalwood. Meanwhile, the ability of the Portulaca sp. as the primary host is unknown. Information about the right radiation intensity of the sandalwood seedling is still limited. The study aims to analyze the growth of sandalwood seedlings grown with primary host of Alternanthera sp. and Portulaca sp. at different radiation intensities. The completely randomized design with two treatments factor were used, namely differences in shade levels (without shade, 25, 50, and 75%) and differences in the types of primary hosts. The result showed that the primary hosts of Alternanthera sp. have the best growth for sandalwood seeds compared to sandalwood seedlings planted with Portulaca sp. The shading must be adjusted to the type of primary host. Sandalwood seeds grown with Alternanthera sp. as primary hosts grow best at 50% and 75% paranet shade conditions, in radiation range of 9.86–12.17 MJ/m2/day. Sandalwood seeds planted with Portulaca sp. as a primary host grow best in 25% paranet shade, that is at average radiation of 13.62 MJ/m2/day. The use of Alternanthera sp. and shade provision (50–75%) is highly recommended in sandalwood seedlings.   Keywords: haustoria, hemiparasite, primary host plant, sandalwood, symbiosis

PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK KASCING DAN JENIS TANAMAN INANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT CENDANA (Santalum album L.)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
I Made Mursedana
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Santalum Album L ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at investigating the impact of casting fertilizer dose and Host plant on the growth of Cendana Seed. The test design used was complete block random design with two factors of treatment that arranged in factorial. Both of the treatments are kascing fertilizer dose (0 g, 4 g, 8 g and 12 g-1) and Host Plant (without Host Plant, Suruhan, Krokot, and Kembang Siang).The pot used was Polybag (20 cm x 14 cm x 0,5 mm). All treatments were repeated three times and 240 pots were used. The result of the study shows that interaction between Kuscing fertilizer dose and kind of Host plant did not have a real impact on the growth of Cendana seed, instead of having a real impact on the ratio of root fertilizer, seed fresh weight, dry weight of oven seed, reserves of N, P, and K of plant, N total of land, C land organic, C/N ratio of land, the available P, the available and degree of land water. The highest of seed fresh weight was 4,0630 g in dose treatment 0 g Kascing fertilizer with Krokot Host plant and the highest of the oven-dry weight of seed was 1,8023 g in dose treatment of 4 grams  Kuscing fertilizer with KrokotInang plant. The impact of Kuscing fertilizer apparently did not have real influence on all variables of Cendana seed growth. It may influence the variables of Cendana seed growth ageing around 30, 45, 60, 75, 90,105 and 120 days after weaning, except the diameter of seeds ageing 30 days after weaning had no real differences.

scholarly journals Optimization of Different Factors for Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Cultures in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Gyanendra Tiwari ◽  
Nishi Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Santalum Album L ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. Due to high demand, it is crucial to maintain a sufficient plant population. An easy protocol for establishing cell suspension culture initiated from the loose embryogenic callus mass of sandalwood was realized by shifting 6–8-week-old morphogenic calli acquired from the mature embryonic axis and cotyledon explant cultures in fluid media. The asynchronous embryogenic cultures were sloughed with clumps of flourishing cell clumps and embryos of various progressive phases along with diffident non-embryogenic tissues. The frequency of embryo proliferation was evidenced to determinethe expansion pace of embryogenic masses under diverse conditions. The intonation of initiation and creation of cell suspension was under the directive of the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators amended in the nutrient medium at different concentrations and combinations. Maximum relative growth rate (386%) and clumps/embryoids in elevated integers (321.44) were accomplished on MS nutrient medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D in association with 0.5 mg L−1 BA and 30.0 g L−1 sucrose raised from mature embryonic axis-derived calli. Plantlet regeneration in higher frequency (84.43%) was evidenced on MS medium amended with 1.0 mg L−1 each of TDZ and GA3 in conjunction with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 20.0 g L−1 sucrose. Mature embryonic axis-derived calli were found to be constantly better than mature cotyledon-derived calli for raising profitable and reproducible cell suspension cultures. Regenerants displayed normal growth and morphology and were founded successfully in the external environment after hardening.

scholarly journals Large-scale transcriptomics to dissect 2 years of the life of a fungal phytopathogen interacting with its host plant

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise J. Gay ◽  
Jessica L. Soyer ◽  
Nicolas Lapalu ◽  
Juliette Linglin ◽  
Isabelle Fudal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Niche Adaptation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Fungal Genes

Abstract Background The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans has an exceptionally long and complex relationship with its host plant, Brassica napus, during which it switches between different lifestyles, including asymptomatic, biotrophic, necrotrophic, and saprotrophic stages. The fungus is also exemplary of “two-speed” genome organisms in the genome of which gene-rich and repeat-rich regions alternate. Except for a few stages of plant infection under controlled conditions, nothing is known about the genes mobilized by the fungus throughout its life cycle, which may last several years in the field. Results We performed RNA-seq on samples corresponding to all stages of the interaction of L. maculans with its host plant, either alive or dead (stem residues after harvest) in controlled conditions or in field experiments under natural inoculum pressure, over periods of time ranging from a few days to months or years. A total of 102 biological samples corresponding to 37 sets of conditions were analyzed. We show here that about 9% of the genes of this fungus are highly expressed during its interactions with its host plant. These genes are distributed into eight well-defined expression clusters, corresponding to specific infection lifestyles or to tissue-specific genes. All expression clusters are enriched in effector genes, and one cluster is specific to the saprophytic lifestyle on plant residues. One cluster, including genes known to be involved in the first phase of asymptomatic fungal growth in leaves, is re-used at each asymptomatic growth stage, regardless of the type of organ infected. The expression of the genes of this cluster is repeatedly turned on and off during infection. Whatever their expression profile, the genes of these clusters are enriched in heterochromatin regions associated with H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 repressive marks. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that part of the fungal genes involved in niche adaptation is located in heterochromatic regions of the genome, conferring an extreme plasticity of expression. Conclusion This work opens up new avenues for plant disease control, by identifying stage-specific effectors that could be used as targets for the identification of novel durable disease resistance genes, or for the in-depth analysis of chromatin remodeling during plant infection, which could be manipulated to interfere with the global expression of effector genes at crucial stages of plant infection.

Functional characterization of an Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) dual-localized bifunctional nerolidol/linalool synthase gene involved in stress response

2021 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 112610
Author(s):  
Xinhua Zhang ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Meiyun Niu ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Huanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Santalum Album L ◽  
Linalool Synthase

scholarly journals Xanthones Production in Gentiana dinarica Beck Hairy Root Cultures Grown in Simple Bioreactors

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Branka Vinterhalter ◽  
Nevena Banjac ◽  
Dragan Vinterhalter ◽  
Dijana Krstić-Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Gentiana Dinarica ◽  
Hairy Root Clones

The hairy root clones of Gentiana dinarica cl-B, cl-D, cl-3, and cl-14 were cultivated in parallel in diverse simple bioreactors, including temporary immersion systems RITA® (TIS RITA®), bubble column bioreactors (BCB), and Erlenmeyer flasks (EF), and evaluated for biomass production and xanthone content. The obtained results showed that TIS RITA® and BCB containing ½ MS medium with 4% sucrose provided equally good growth conditions in which the majority of the clones displayed the higher percentage of dry matter (DM%), and xanthones norswertianin-1-O-primeveroside (nor-1-O-prim) and norswertianin production than those cultivated in EF. Thin and well branched hairy root clone cl-B grown in BCB for 7 weeks was superior regarding all growth parameters tested, including growth index (19.97), dry weight (2.88 g), and DM% (25.70%) compared to all other clones. Cl-B cultured in TIS RITA® contained the highest amount of nor-1-O-prim (56.82 mg per vessel). In BCB with constant aeration, cl-B accumulated the highest norswertianin content reaching 18.08 mg/vessel. The optimized conditions for cultivation of selected G. dinarica hairy root clones in highly aerated TIS RITA® and BCB systems contribute to the development of bioreactor technology designed for the large scale commercial production of xanthones nor-1-O-prim and norswertianin.

scholarly journals The biosynthesis of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline in sandal (Santalum album L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kuttan ◽  
A N Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Santalum Album ◽  
Santalum Album L
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