Evaluation of Surface Water Contamination Using Heavy Metal Pollution Indices in the Mgoua Watershed, Southwestern Cameroon

An integrated pollution assessment index approach was used to assess the application of heavy metal pollution indices in the Ngoua watershed in southwestern (SW) Cameroon. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mo, Fe and Al in most of the water samples exceeded the maximum allowable concentration recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) shows strong correlations with the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Metal Index (MI) and the degree of contamination (Cd), and gives a better assessment of the pollution levels. Selected samples from the 10 sampling stations were classified as high polluted in Cd, MI and HPI in relation to the respective critical values. These values show comparable results to those of the HEI and indicate that about 88% of the samples with above average values were classified as highly contaminated and the remaining samples (12%) with below average values were classified as moderately contaminated. The Enrichment Factor (EF) analysis and the pollution indices reveal that the water quality is mainly controlled by natural and geogenic processes with major anthropogenic input. The current level of heavy metal distribution in the water of the Ngoua catchment is an environmental and health concern and requires special attention.

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Heavy metals pollution indexing, geospatial and statistical approaches of groundwater within Challawa and Sharada industrial areas, Kano City, North-Western Nigeria

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04662-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Hamidu ◽

Falalu B. Halilu ◽

Kwaya M. Yerima ◽

Lawal M. Garba ◽

Arabi A. Suleiman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Index ◽

World Health ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Industrial Areas ◽

Pollution Status

Abstract The present study focused on pollution status of groundwater in the industrial areas of Challawa and Sharada in Kano city based on pollution indices, statistical and spatial analyses. Twenty groundwater samples representing groundwater of the studied areas (Ten from each area) were analyzed for the presence of Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn and Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The result showed 95%, 5%, 60%, 15% and 25% of the analyzed water samples had detectable Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Mn above the drinking water limits of both Nigerian standards for drinking water quality NSDWQ and World Health Organization (WHO) with Cd dominating other analyzed heavy metals in the groundwater. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution revealed a low polluted status based on the contaminant index (Cd), synthetic pollution index, heavy metals evaluation index, and heavy metal pollution index. Metal index categorized the groundwater as seriously polluted. The statistical evaluation gave strong and positive correlations between indices and a moderate one between the metallic ions. Component analysis revealed a strongly positive loading of Fe, Ni and Zn while Cd had a strong negative loading. Cr and Mn were positive and moderately loaded. Statistical analyses suggested both anthropogenic and geogenic sources for the heavy metals mainly from the industrial and agricultural practices and rock weathering processes, respectively. This study is expected to be a useful tool in the planning, monitoring and mitigation of pollution activities in the area. Article Highlights The pollution status of groundwater with respect to heavy metals was investigated in the Challawa and Sharada industrials zones in Kano city Nigeria The concentration of Cd, Fe, Ni, Cr Mn and Zn was determined using the AAS Different Pollution indices of HPI, HEI, SPI, Cd and MI were utilized to categorized the area as low, medium and highly polluted. Spatial and temporal distribution maps demarcated based on the metal concentrations and computed indices in the area. CA, PCA, and HCA were used to identified the geochemistry, relationship, sources and origin of heavy metals in groundwater. The study revealed zones with low to high-risk groundwater in terms of toxic heavy metals and pollution status.

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Application of Pollution Indices for Evaluation of Long-Term Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Lake Modrac in Bosnia and Hercegovina

Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON ◽

10.7251/qol1603066dj ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3-4) ◽

Author(s):

Nusreta Djonlagic

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Water Body ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Geo Accumulation

In this study the results of a 15-year long monitoring survey on heavy metals in water at Lake Modrac were assessed using pollution indices of heavy metals, such as Heavy metal pollution index HPI, Heavy metal evaluation index HEI and the Degree of contamination CD. The results of the survey on heavy metal pollution of sediment conducted in 2015 were used as input data for the following pollution indices: Concentration factor , Pollution load index PLI, Enrichment factor EF, Index of geo-accumulation Igeo, Ecological risk factor , Potential ecological risk index to the water-body, RI. The results showed a good correlation and the lake sediment was characterized as polluted. Enrichment factors and indices of geo-accumulation of heavy metals were indicated as very high enriched in the sediment, and have been identified as an anthropogenic source of pollution. Cumulative presence in the sediment is assessed through the pollution index, RI, and has been assessed as moderate ecological risk to the lake water-body. The application of pollution indices presents a valuable tool in assessing the long-term pollution status of Lake Modrac.

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Heavy metal pollution assessment in the groundwater of the Meghna Ghat industrial area, Bangladesh, by using water pollution indices approach

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-020-01266-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Mirza A. T. M. Tanvir Rahman ◽

Moutushi Paul ◽

Nikhil Bhoumik ◽

Mahmud Hassan ◽

Md. Khorshed Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Assessment ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Pollution Indices

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Applying of pollution indices as a monitoring tool for assessment of water quality in Tigris River, Baiji district, Salah alden governorate

Tikrit Journal of Pure Science ◽

10.25130/j.v24i5.866 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Mahmood Fadhil Abed1 ◽

Salwa Hadi Ahmed2

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Metal Pollution Index ◽

Tigris River ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Quality Of Water

This research has investigated the quality of surface water at Baiji district of Salah Alden governorate based on 5 sampling stations for two season (September 2012 and April 2013). Water evaluation indices (i.e. heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and contamination degree index (Cd)) are utilized to characterize the quality of water in term of drinking purposes. All values of HPI were lower than (15), suggesting low heavy metal pollution. The values of HEI were also less than (10), indicating low heavy metal pollution, whereas Cd values were much less than (1) for all stations, indicating low heavy metal pollution. Consequently, Tigris River water in the study area is suitable for drinking purposes in terms of heavy metal pollution. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.089

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Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination to Planting Base Soil in Shenyang, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1494 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 779-780 ◽

pp. 1494-1499

Author(s):

Bin Hui Jiang ◽

Li Jiang ◽

Li Li Fu ◽

Chang Qi Yao ◽

Yong Gang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Assessment ◽

Parent Material ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Concentration Data

The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the planting base soils in Shenyang, northeast of China, were investigated. Sixty soil samples were collected and characterized for heavy metals contents (AsCdCrPbHgNiCu and Zn). Concentration data were processed using correlation analysis and soils pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation and PI. The results revealed that eight heavy metals contents of planting base all reached pollution level, which Pb and Hg pollution relatively serious, reached 2.41 and 2.1 respectively. The order of heavy metal pollution levels are: Pb> Hg> Zn = Cu> As> Ni> Cd> Cr. A significant correlation exists in Pb-Cd, Pb-Cu, Cd-As, Cu-Ni, while an extremely significant correlation exists between Zn-Cu. In addition to the parent material soil, the sources of soil heavy metals are mainly by the industrial, agricultural, transportation or other human activities and the effect of atmospheric transport and deposition. KEYWORDS: soil, heavy metal pollution, assessment, pollution index

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Heavy Metal Assessment in Taps Drinking Water of Ramadi City Using Water Quality Indices, Anbar Province, Iraq

International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning ◽

10.18280/ijsdp.160715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1349-1357

Author(s):

Majeed Mattar Ramal ◽

Arkan Dhari Jalal ◽

Uday Hatem Abdulhameed

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽

Heavy Metal Assessment

This study goals to assess the concentrations of specified Heavy Metals (HMs) and quality of taps drinking water of Ramadi city, western Iraq. Heavy Metal Pollution Indices like heavy metal pollution index (HMPI ), heavy metal evaluation index (HMEI) and contamination degree (CD) were applied to assess the supplied water. The average concentrations of Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) in most stations exceed the maximum admissible concentration, while Iron (Fe) in most of stations was within the maximum admissible concentration according to local and global guidelines. (HMPI ) values of most stations were exceed the maximum critical value of 100. (HMEI) values of most stations were exceed the value of 10 recommended for drinking water. (CD) values of most stations were exceed the value of 1 recommended for drinking water. The pollution origins were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis (CA). The results indicate that contamination comes from anthropogenic causes being the most common and lithogenic sources being the least common. The present concentration of (HMs) in taps water is causing health and environmental problems, water with high (HMs) concentrations would need to be treated before being supplied to consumers.

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Using heavy metal pollution indices to assess water quality of surface and groundwater on catchment levels in South Africa

Journal of African Earth Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104254

Author(s):

Ernestine Atangana ◽

Paul J. Oberholster

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Water Quality ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Surface And Groundwater

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1801

Author(s):

Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽

Madalina Calmuc ◽

Maxim Arseni ◽

Catalina Maria Topa ◽

Mihaela Timofti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Risk Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Danube River ◽

Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

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