scholarly journals Sostenibilidad urbana en el contexto latinoamericano y en el europeo = Urban sustainability in the Latinoamerican and in the European context

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
José Jorge Peralta Arias
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Comprehensive Planning ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Unit Model ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Neighborhood Unit ◽  
The Subject

ResumenLa insostenibilidad constituye un tema de reflexión obligada en los momentos actuales que vive el planeta, en donde los grandes desafíos a enfrentar están marcados por el cambio climático, el crecimiento poblacional y la urbanización acelerada, cuyas secuelas van de la mano del consumo irracional de recursos, la contaminación, la desigualdad y la pobreza. En Latinoamérica, esta situación se ve reflejada en un crecimiento urbano discontinuo, periferias pobres, bajas densidades, déficit de infraestructuras y servicios, entre otros factores que han sido considerados detonantes de problemas socio ambientales y de salud de su población; hechos que exigen ser tratados mediante procesos de planeamiento más integrales, que incluyan criterios de sostenibilidad y mecanismos de medición como indicadores e índices de sostenibilidad, para que ayuden a forjar ciudades y territorios más sostenibles. La investigación tiene como objetivo contrastar la realidad latinoamericana con otras realidades ya destacadas en el tema como la europea a través del caso español, con el fin de superar la visión sectorial del análisis. Los aportes más relevantes, se conjugan en una batería de indicadores referenciales con énfasis en la dimensión física ambiental, que podrían ser útiles al momento de plantear un modelo de Unidad Barrial Sostenible (UBS) para Latinoamérica.AbstractThe unsustainability is a subject of reflection forced in the current moments that the planet lives, where the great challenges to face are marked by climate change, population growth and accelerated urbanization, whose consequences go hand in hand with the irrational consumption of resources, pollution, inequality and poverty. In Latin America, this situation is reflected in discontinuous urban growth, poor peripheries, low densities, lack of infrastructure and services, among other factors that have been considered triggers of socio-environmental and health problems of its population; facts that require to be treated through more comprehensive planning processes, including sustainability criteria and measurement mechanisms such as indicators and sustainability indices, to help forge more sustainable cities and territories. The research aims to contrast the Latin American reality with other realities already highlighted in the subject, such as the European one through the Spanish case, in order to overcome the sector vision of analysis. The most relevant contributions are combined in a battery of reference indicators with emphasis on the physical environmental dimension, which could be useful when proposing a Sustainable Neighborhood Unit model (UBS) for Latin America.

scholarly journals A APLICAÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE POPULISMO À AMÉRICA LATINA: pela necessidade de classificar, e não desqualificar

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
João Carlos Amoroso Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Political ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina

Desde que autores como Germani (1962), Di Tella (1969) e Ianni (1975) aplicaram a noção de populismo à América Latina, muito se escreveu sobre o tema. O conceito se estirou tanto que tem servido para definir políticos os mais díspares. Com a ausência das condições socioeconômicas descritas pelas formulações clássicas, a estratégia adotada é limitar a categoria à dimensão política. Esse procedimento, porém, não é capaz de descrever atributos exclusivos suficientes para que o populismo seja um fenômeno específico. Ao mesmo tempo, o conceito está tão enraizado que não é viável abandoná-lo. A solução proposta é avaliar em quais características um político se aproxima e se afasta dos casos paradigmáticos do passado. Assim, ele pode ser populista em certos aspectos e não em outros. Com esse procedimento, se chega a uma classificação, em que um líder apresente mais ou menos atributos descritos pelas definições clássicas, eliminando a necessidade de reformulação constante do conceito para adaptá-lo a novas circunstâncias. Também haveria menos espaço a que o rótulo de populista continuasse servindo para desqualificar políticos latino-americanos. O artigo aborda definições clássicas e recentes aplicadas à América Latina e avalia a viabilidade empírica da estratégia de se concentrar na dimensão política.---LA APLICACIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE POPULISMO AMÉRICA LATINA: la necesidad de clasificar, y no descalificar Desde que autores como Germani (1962), Di Tella (1969) y Ianni (1975) aplicaron la noción de populismo a la América Latina, mucho se ha escrito sobre el tema. El concepto se ha estirado tanto que ha definido políticos muy dispares. Con la ausencia de las condiciones socioeconómicas descritas por las formulaciones clásicas, la estrategia adoptada es concentrarse en la dimensión política. Ese procedimiento, sin embargo, no es capaz de describir atributos exclusivos suficientes para que el populismo sea un fenómeno específico. Al mismo tiempo, el concepto está tan enraizado que no es viable abandonarlo. La solución propuesta es evaluar en cuales características un político se acerca y se aleja de los casos paradigmáticos del pasado. Así, ello puede ser populista en ciertos aspectos y no en otros. Con ese procedimiento, se llega a una clasificación, en que un líder presente más o menos atributos descritos por las definiciones clásicas, eliminando la necesidad de reformulación constante del concepto. También habría menos espacio a que el rótulo de populista continuase sirviendo para descalificar políticos latinoamericanos. El artículo presenta definiciones clásicas y recientes aplicadas a la América Latina y discute la viabilidad empírica de la estrategia de concentrarse en la dimensión política.Palabras-clave: populismo; América Latina; casos paradigmáticos; clasificación.---THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF POPULISM IN LATIN AMERICA: the need to classify and not disqualifyEver since authors such as Germani (1962), Di Tella (1969) and Ianni (1975) applied the notion of populism in Latin America, much has been written on the subject. The concept stretched out so much that it has served to define the most dissimilar politicians. In the absence of socioeconomic conditions described by classical formulations, the strategy adopted is to restrict the category to the political dimension. Such a procedure, however, is not capable of describing adequate particular attributes that populism would be a specific phenomenon. At the same time, the concept is so deeply embedded in our society that it is not feasible to abandon it. The proposed solution is to evaluate in which characteristics a politician reaches and moves away from the paradigmatic cases of the past. Thus, it can be populist in some respects and not in others. In such a procedure, we arrive at a classification in which a leader shows more or less attributes described by classical definitions, eliminating the need for constant reformulation of the concept to adapt it to new circumstances. Also, there would be less space to which the label of populist would continue to serve to disqualify Latin American politicians. The article discusses recent and classic settings applied to Latin America and assesses the empirical viability of focusing on the political dimension strategy.Key words: populism; Latin America; paradigmatic cases; classification.

Political Development and Socioeconomic Development: The Case of Latin America

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. Needler
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Past History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latin American Countries

One way of acquiring insight into the processes of political development in Latin America is to compare the countries of the area systematically in terms of the “degree of development” which each can be said to have attained. Ideally, such an enterprise can lead to the understanding of the past history of the “more developed” countries by reference to the present problems of the “less developed” while an understanding of the problems confronting the more developed countries can make possible a glimpse into the future of those now less developed. Isolation of the factors responsible for a state's being more or less developed can moreover prove instructive for the understanding of the relations between political and socioeconomic phenomena.Perhaps most important, such comparisons provide the means for holding constant effects attributable to characteristics shared by all, or nearly all, of the Latin American countries. Thus it can be argued with much plausibility that military intervention in politics, say, derives from elements in the Hispanic tradition. Yet it is clear that the frequency of military intervention varies from country to country, even where they share equally in that tradidition. Thus one is forced to go beyond the “Hispanic tradition” thesis with which the investigation might otherwise have come to rest.In the present article I will be concerned with the problem of the relation of political development to socioeconomic development in the Latin American context. For reasons that will become apparent below, I will not at this point attempt a rigorous analysis of the concept of political development, which has already been the subject of a large and rapidly growing literature.

scholarly journals Postcolonial theory and its Impact upon modern historical-anthropological research of Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Irina Veselova
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latin Americanism

The object of this research is the postcolonial theory, while the subject is its impact upon the historical, and namely, historical-anthropological research of Latin America. The author examines such peculiarities of post-colonialism as the problem of identification, the “oppressed”, the importance of linguistic component of scientific description, as well as the political bias of this direction. Attention is turned to the process of adaptation of postcolonial theory to Latin American scientific foundation; emphasis is placed on the fact that the region has its own tradition of interpretation of the colonial past that results in occurrence of the so-called phenomenon of decolonial turn within the Latin American humanities. Based on the comparative method and qualitative content analysis of the works dedicated to postcolonial theory, the author demonstrates the presence of a wide range of opinions of Latin American researchers on such concepts as “colonialism: and “Latin Americanism”. The conclusion is made that the intense discussion on the theoretical aspects of colonial and decolonial theory may underlie the new vector in the historical studies of Latin America.  At the same time, decolonial turn alongside postcolonial theory, raise a number of questions, the solution of which is vital for the development of accurate methodology for further scientific research. For the Russian Latin American scholars, the new trends turn into a special challenge that should be considered in carrying out historical and anthropological research.

scholarly journals Dollars for Pesos? The Political-Economy of Dollarization in Latin America

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
PAMELA K. STARR
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT The capacity of dollarization to generate stable growth in Latin America despite occasional instability in the international financial system has been the subject of significant economic analysis in recent years. Yet very little attention has been afforded to the politics of the issue. This paper attempts to fill this void by looking at both the political and the economic factors which influence the policy effectiveness of dollarization. The paper reviews the theoretic and policy debate within which the dollarization question is situated and then develops an informal model of the political and economic variables which influence the viability of dollarization. It concludes that although dollarization may be the correct policy choice for some Latin American countries, it is unlikely to benefit the majority. Most Latin American countries would benefit more from directly addressing the forces know to promote economic instability.

British Investment in Latin America, 1850–1950 A Reappraisal

Itinerario ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American History ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research

For forty years much of the research on Britain's relationship with Latin America has been dominated by a rather narrow agenda, the boundaries of which were established by radical and conservative writers in the middle third of the twentieth century, just when Britain's role in Latin America was rapidly declining. Essentially this was a debate about power, that of British governments and businessmen on the one hand and Latin American governments and elites on the other. More recently, however, younger historians have begun to break free of the confines established by those writing in the 1950s and 1960s. As a result there is some hope that new research on this topic may offer more of interest to non-specialists and contribute to other historical debates, both in British and Latin American history. The purpose of this historiographical essay, which is based primarily, but not entirely, on the research undertaken in Britain during the last twenty years, is to review the recent literature on British investment in Latin America, and to investigate some of the implications of what we now know about the subject for our understanding of the evolution of Latin American societies.

scholarly journals Against the current: The emergence of a media democratization policy agenda in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Philip Kitzberger
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Transnational Activism ◽  
American Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spontaneous Reaction

In Latin America, the role of the media in democratic societies has recently become the subject of public debates, struggles and political mobilizations that have denaturalized the existing media order and established a distinct policy agenda oriented towards media democratization. This region-wide trend – a counter-tendency to the globally dominant market-driven orientation of media and telecommunication policies – requires explanation. This article stresses that it cannot be attributed to a spontaneous reaction to market concentration or media elitism, just as it cannot be reduced to a top-down process driven by populist leaders seeking to control the media. Drawing on social movement literature, the article traces four interacting processes – domestic network mobilization, reframing processes, transnational activism and changes in political elite alignments – that have brought about the unprecedented politicization of the Latin American media order.

scholarly journals Civil Service Models in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastián González-Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Service Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Ideas

This chapter examines the concept of public service models with special emphasis on the Latin American reality. The following section deals with the subject from an historical perspective, its ties to the patronage systems, and the main milestones which have shaped the evolution of the civil services. Subsequently, the next section deals with the chief characteristics and changes in the civil services and presents an evaluation of the models in Latin America. Finally, the last section sets out some brief conclusions and summarises the main ideas of this entry.

scholarly journals Publicidad formal de servicios inmobiliarios en Bogotá y Latinoamérica, ¿otro “termómetro” del crecimiento urbano? / Formal Advertising of Real Estate Services in Bogotá and Latin America: Another Barometer of Urban Growth?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Carlos Roberto Peña Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
City Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
On Line ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Yellow Pages ◽  
American Cities

Los objetivos más importantes de esta investigación son los siguientes: 1) comprobar la hipótesis de que el crecimiento de las ciudades también puede medirse valiéndose del análisis de los datos que se pueden extraer de los avisos publicitarios de las empresas que prestan servicios relacionados con el ámbito inmobiliario y que aparecen en las páginas amarillas en papel y virtuales; 2) comparar los resultados de estos datos con las cifras de población, viviendas, superficies urbanas, PIB y censo catastral inmobiliario. Para ello se extrajeron los datos del directorio de Bogotá de los años que permitieran compararse con las fechas en las que se llevaron a cabo los últimos censos de población y vivienda (1993 y 2005), y también para 2008, a fin de que el panorama fuera más reciente; también se tomaron los datos de las páginas amarillas virtuales de algunas de las más importantes ciudades de Latinoamérica, para el año 2009. En el caso de Bogotá se comprobó que su crecimiento urbano es directamente proporcional al del número de empresas inmobiliarias, y en el de algunas ciudades de Latinoamérica se corroboró que sucede prácticamente lo mismo. En suma, se pudo concluir que analizar estos datos es una opción importante para medir el crecimiento urbano, por lo menos para las últimas dos décadas, pero también un indicador innovador para monitorear el crecimiento de muchas ciudades del mundo que publiquen páginas amarillas virtuales. AbstractThe main objects of this research are given below: 1) prove the hypothesis that city growth can also be measured by using the analysis of data extracted from real estate companies’ advertisements, published in the paper and on-line versions of the Yellow Pages; 2) compare the results of these data with population, housing, urban area, GDP and real estate land census figures. To this end, data were obtained from the Bogotá directory for the years that permitted a comparison between the dates when the last population and housing censuses (1993 and 2005) were carried out and 2008, to provide a more recent overview. Data were also taken from the virtual Yellow Pages of certain major Latin American cities in 2009. In the case of Bogotá, urban growth proved to be directly proportional to the number of real estate firms, as it did in a number of Latin American cities. In short, analyzing these data is an important means of measuring urban growth at least for the last two decades. It is also an innovative indicator for monitoring thegrowth of many cities in the world that publish virtual Yellow Pages.

scholarly journals GASTO PÚBLICO Y CRECIMIENTO EN AMÉRICA LATINA: LA LEY DE WAGNER Y LA HIPÓTESIS DE KEYNES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (316) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ramírez Cedillo ◽  
Francisco López Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p>Se analiza la relación del crecimiento económico con el gasto público de 16 países latinoamericanos de 1990 a 2017. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura sobre el tema enfocándose en la región. Los resultados de un modelo para paneles cointegrados respaldan la ley de Wagner en el largo plazo y brindan evidencia parcial a favor de las hipótesis de Keynes en el corto plazo.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">PUBLIC SPENDING AND GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA:</p><p align="center">WAGNER´S LAW AND KEYNES’S HYPOTHESIS<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The relationship between economic growth and public spending in 16 Latin American countries from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed. This paper contributes to the literature on the subject focusing on the region. The results from a model of cointegrated panels support Wagner’s Law in the long term and provides partial evidence in favor of the Keynesian hypotheses in the short term.</p>

Urban Squatting in Latin America: Relevance of ‘Guided Occupancy’

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Belén Gesto ◽  
Guillermo Gómez ◽  
Julián Salas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Front Page ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The City ◽  
Latin American Countries

While the illegal occupation of land by families lacking the means to acquire housing on the market is hardly front page news in Latin America, it may not merit the silence to which it has been relegated of late. The authors, who formed part of a research team on the subject, conclude that urban squatting is still very common today. The team found that most Latin American countries are amending their municipal, provincial and national legislation in this regard and backing programmes for consolidation and improvement. In a nutshell, they are adopting a more tolerant attitude toward squatting. The authors believe that the Guided Occupancy Programme successfully implemented by the city of Trujillo, Peru, for over a decade, constitutes an exemplary approach to the problem. While not necessarily constituting a universal solution, it can be viewed as a viable and reproducible alternative in situations of widespread poverty.

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