scholarly journals ¨Vivienda digna¨ en las políticas públicas en Colombia = ¨Decent housing¨ in Colombia’s public policies

2019 ◽  
pp. 06
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Uribe Tami
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Research Findings

Resumen Garantizar el acceso efectivo a una vivienda digna o adecuada para la población de menores ingresos debería representar una de las obligaciones primordiales del Estado colombiano. Sin embargo, dicha obligación queda, en muchos casos, plasmada tan solo en forma sesgada en la normativa sin tener en cuenta la calidad de la vivienda que se produce. Este documento presenta un marco analítico para explorar, desde un conjunto de indicadores basados en los instrumentos legales y jurídicos, los diferentes procesos de configuración del entorno habitacional. Se evalúan dos proyectos de vivienda nueva gestionados por el Estado, Ciudadela El Porvenir en Bogotá y Ciudadela Nuevo Occidente en Medellín, desde su desarrollo en 2002 hasta lo ejecutado en el año 2010. Los resultados muestran cómo la vivienda social es una necesidad aún desatendida en donde se privilegia un producto sometido a intereses particulares, de realización progresiva y sujeta a voluntades políticas.Abstract To guarantee effective access to a decent or adequate housing for the population with lower incomes should represent one of the primary obligations of the Colombian State. However, this obligation is, in many cases, reflected only in a biased manner in the regulations without taking into account the quality of the housing. This document presents an analytical framework to explore, from a set of indicators based on normative and legal instruments, the different processes of configuration of the housing environment. Two new housing projects managed by the State, Ciudadela El Porvenir in Bogotá and Ciudadela Nuevo Occidente in Medellín, are evaluated from its development in 2002 until the execution in 2010. Research findings shows how social housing is an unattended need where a product subject to particular interests, of progressive realization and subject to political wills, is privileged.

scholarly journals WELFARE STATE: AN ANALYSIS ON THE EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT INDICES ON BRAZILIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Marjorie Cristina da Cruz Bernardino ◽  
Barbara Lucchesi Ramacciotti
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Pedagogical Practice

This text proposes to present briefly topics related to the state and social protection theme and their impact on the quality of education. They aim to scrutinize the historical order and evolution of the state of social protection and its emergence, as well as its importance not only in Brazil but also in the world within the field of public policies. The discussions about the quality of education in Brazil raise questions about teacher training, financing, physical structure of the building, pedagogical practice, socioeconomic profile of the student and school management - elements considered determinants of the quality of education in a school unit. Within the framework of the discussions are the external evaluations as a way of qualifying the schools and the education systems in the country. The application of tests that assess the academic performance of students from public and private schools in Brazil became a constant from the 1990s, after the State reform and with a new political agenda for the educational area, in view of the reconfiguration of the economy and the valuation of criteria such as efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and competences for Brazilian education. The guiding problem of work is pubic and social policies as an instrument of the Welfare State. It is based on the hypothesis of the need for public policies at the federal, state and municipal levels that relate to the quality of education and to what is the citizen's right or need in its basic aspects. It is a study described in documentary review and literature. It is hoped to contribute between the relationship of the state of social protection and education and reaffirm its importance for the social and political development of citizens and citizenship.

Improving Evaluation of Boilerplate

Boilerplate ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Jane Radin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Rights And Interests ◽  
The Right ◽  
Default Rules

This chapter proposes an analytical framework for improving the evaluation of boilerplate. It begins with a discussion of questions for evaluating boilerplate rights deletion schemes; for example, whether all of the rights granted and/or maintained by the state are appropriately considered default rules. It then describes three elements of analysis that can help illuminate how boilerplate waivers should be evaluated: the nature of the right in question and whether that right is alienable; the quality of consent by a recipient; and the extent of social dissemination of the rights deletion. It also examines the effect of nonconsent or market-inalienability on any purported contract, as well as the kinds of rights that are or should be subject to market-inalienability or partial market-inalienability in the presence of problematic consent. Finally, it explores political rights and interests, along with basic human rights and interests.

State Financed Social Housing Model in South Africa Requires Capacity Building Injection

2020 ◽  
pp. 399-412
Author(s):  
Vuyisani Moss ◽  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Ümit Hacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Housing Finance ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter is based on the premise of Social Housing Institutions (SHIs) sustainability mechanisms. It is informed largely by National Housing Finance Corporation's (NHFC's) research findings on social housing developments commissioned on its behalf. The broad aim of the study was to conduct an audit survey through a critical appraisal and analysis of one of South Africa's social housing projects. The methodological approach was primarily through a thorough literature and documentation review this study had examined in addition to quantitative findings; the definition of social housing as a concept and how it has been operationalized in different markets. According to the findings the low levels of employment, low levels of income and the lack of industries in the area suggest that the affordability levels of the project tenants are low.

scholarly journals Land Use Incentives for Real Estate Developers in Social Rental Housing Projects (Case study: Degla Gardens Project-October Gardens-Six October City)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Abeer Ahmed Mohamed Abd-Elkawy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
The Government

Social rental housing projects have emerged since 2016 to cover the housing demand of low-income groups, but these projects need high cost that beyond the financial capacity of some governments. Therefore, the World Bank reports in 2014 and 2018 pointed to the importance of including the private sector in low-income housing projects as a real estate developer instead of the state. The contribution of private sector and his successful experience in this field help in reducing the government spending towards these projects and achieving high quality in their implementation. For these reasons, many countries at international level involved the private sector in construction of social housing units in exchange for a set of incentives, which vary widely from one country to another. These incentives are classified into two main groups, the first one is financial and administrative incentives such as providing free land or selling it at low price, besides taxes and financing facilities as applied in Brazil, China, Singapore and Thailand. The second group is new incentives which called Land use incentives such as land use kind, percentage of land exploitation, proposed density and land use regulation in the housing project as applied in the United States, Japan and France because the previous financing incentives are not enough to achieve an appropriate profit for investors.At the local level, the private sector participated in many low-income housing projects such as Youth Housing, National Housing and social housing projects during the period from 1996 until now. In which the Egyptian government provided him some incentives like low price land, payment facilities, tax cuts and allocation part of land for his investment projects in exchange for building number of housing units with an area of (63 m2) for low-income groups. On the other hand, real estate companies retreated from participation in these projects because the incentives are unsatisfactory to them, which made the state played again the role of real estate developer to fill the gap in housing demand by using insufficient government budget.As a result of that, the Egyptian government is trying nowadays to re-engage the private sector again in future social housing projects by studying all submitted proposals from private sector in 2016, the World Bank in 2018 and the views of some institutions such as ministry of investment, ministry of housing and the Social Housing Fund in 2019 around the new incentives, especially after the state decided to withdraw from real estate development and leave it to the private sector by the year 2020. Hence, this paper tries to introduce the new incentives for private sector to participate again in social housing projects. The formulation of these incentives comes from revision the international experiences and reports as well as evaluating the applying of old incentives in one case study of participation housing projects (Degla Gardens project to find an integrated vision for suitable incentives in Egyptian reality that achieve the goals of all development parties ( the government-private sector-population).

scholarly journals Heritage and Patrimony of the Peasantry Framework and Rural Development Indicators in Rural Communities in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Alberto Pachon Ariza ◽  
Wolfgang Bokelmann ◽  
Cesar Adrian Ramirez Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Development Indicators

Abstract: The analytical framework “heritage and patrimony of the peasantry” and its recommended implementation theoretically provide an enhancement over previous methodologies to examine rural development. The current paper measures rural development indicators in six Mexican rural territories, and analyses their interaction in the heritages and patrimonies of the peasantry. The principal indicators that affect the patrimonies in these regions were recognised as Pluriactivity, Social Acknowledgment, Biodiversity and Recycling. Based on these outcomes, the indicators that belong to the Human Patrimony define it as the lowest of all the heritages of the Mexican peasantry. The analysis of the results remarks on the fact that the emphasis of public policies on productive concerns has left out complicated social problems such as the loss of identity, diversity and culture. These matters are becoming the strongest threat affecting the Mexican peasantry to improve their quality of life while respecting their human rights.

State Financed Social Housing Model in South Africa Requires Capacity Building Injection

2015 ◽  
pp. 338-349
Author(s):  
Vuyisani Moss ◽  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Ümit Hacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Housing Finance ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter is based on the premise of Social Housing Institutions (SHIs) sustainability mechanisms. It is informed largely by National Housing Finance Corporation's (NHFC's) research findings on social housing developments commissioned on its behalf. The broad aim of the study was to conduct an audit survey through a critical appraisal and analysis of one of South Africa's social housing projects. The methodological approach was primarily through a thorough literature and documentation review this study had examined in addition to quantitative findings; the definition of social housing as a concept and how it has been operationalized in different markets. According to the findings the low levels of employment, low levels of income and the lack of industries in the area suggest that the affordability levels of the project tenants are low.

scholarly journals Evade, Corrupt, or Confront? Organized Crime and the State in Brazil and Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bailey ◽  
Matthew M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Criminal Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Dynamic Markets ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Criminal Groups

Government and organized criminal groups co-exist in uneasy equilibrium. Criminal groups adjust their behavior as a function of their own goals and resources in relation to inter-group cooperation and conflict, dynamic markets, and public policies; governments adjust their behavior according to shifting perceptions of the benefits offered, threats posed, and strategies adopted by criminal groups. When governments attempt to control or repress their activities, criminal groups employ various tools and instruments that might be grouped into three categories: evasion, corruption, and confrontation. The paper draws on recent cases from Brazil and Mexico with respect to tactical and strategic choices by governments and criminal groups, seeking to address three broad questions. What factors disrupt the state-criminal group equilibrium? Under what circumstances do disruptions produce significant levels of violence (as opposed to evasion or corruption)? What are the implications for the quality of democracy as criminal groups violently confront the state?

scholarly journals Conflito de uso do solo em Áreas de Preservação Permanente da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Marapanim, nordeste do Pará

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e20
Author(s):  
Ádanna De Souza Andrade ◽  
Suezilde Da Conceição Amaral Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno Wendell De Freitas Pereira ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Silva Bezerra ◽  
Valter Vinicius Pereira Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
Land Use Conflict ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Courses

Permanent preservation areas contribute significantly to maintaining the quality of water resources and protecting against erosive events. In this sense, this work mains of is to analyze the land use conflict in the permanent preservation areas of the Marapanim River basin, located in the northeast of the State of Pará. To this end, it data were processed using images Landsat of the years of 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2017 to discuss changes in land use for each year. Afterwards, land use was overlapped with the Permanent Preservation Areas of the basin (PPA), to identify the types of use that are interfering in the limits that should be maintained as PPA. The results showed that in three of the four years of analysis, the exposed soil class was present in more than 20% of the inadequate land use in PPA, followed by the Farming class, which increased almost 300% the occupation in PPA in the first to last year of study. Thus, this study can support public policies in order to monitor the sources and margins of water courses for a better management of water resources in this region.

Manajemen Ekonomi Outopilot: Kegagalan Negara Mencari Identitas?

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mukhaer Pakkanna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Production And Distribution

Political democracy should be equivalent to the economic development of the quality of democracy, economic democracy if not upright, even the owner of the ruling power and money, which is parallel to force global corporatocracy. Consequently, the economic oligarchy preservation reinforces control of production and distribution from upstream to downstream and power monopoly of the market. The implication, increasingly sharp economic disparities, exclusive owner of the money and power become fertile, and the end could jeopardize the harmony of the national economy. The loss of national economic identity that makes people feel lost the “pilot of the state”. What happens then is the autopilot state. Viewing unclear direction of the economy, the national economy should clarify the true figure.

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