scholarly journals Variations of abscisic acid contents in various organs of grapevine infected by the eutypa dieback fungus, Eutypa Lata

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Tayeb Koussa ◽  
Lalla Aicha Rifai ◽  
Bernadette Dubos ◽  
Michel Broquedis
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Medium Culture

<p style="text-align: justify;">In grapevine, eutypa dieback is a disease induced by ascomyceta fungus, Eutypa lata. At present, eutypa dieback is considered as the most serious deterioration disease of grapevine. The external symptoms of this disease are most conspicuous during the first months of the annual growth cycle and include dwarfed shoots with smaller and necrotic leaves and unfavourable development of grapes. All these symptoms were still suggested an hormonal perturbation in grapevine organs. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of eutypa dieback on abscisic acid contents in flower buds, flowers, young berries, leaves and internodes of grapevine. This study was also performed to determine the relationship between this growth regulator and disease development. The study was performed using organs (1) from healthy vines, (2) healthy appearing organs from vines with one symptomless arm and one diseased arm, and (3) moderately and (4) strongly diseased organs. From flowers buds separated to bunch of grapes closed stages, free abscisic acid (ABA) and the glucose esters of this acid (ABA-GE) were analysed in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon which is sensitive to E. lata. In the healthy appearing organs, growth and development as well as water and ABA contents were not changed by eutypa dieback fungi. Whereas eutypa dieback induced a decrease of water content and the rate of growth increase in diseased organs. During all the period studied in leaves and since fruit set stage in the internodes, the ABA and ABA-GE contents were increased by eutypa dieback proportionally to symptoms. The ABA levels increase in leaves and internodes were not seem to be produced by ABA-GE hydrolysis since increase in ABA-GE levels were also observed in response to eutypa dieback. The maximum of ABA characterising grapevine flowers was delayed by eutypa dieback and their level was reduced with increasing symptoms severity. In flower buds, flowers and young berries, this disease induced a decrease of ABA-GE contents during all period studied proportionally to symptoms severity. The mycelium of two E. lata isolates cultured in Errikson and Petersson medium culture can synthesize ABA. A part of this growth regulator was diffused in medium culture. It was suggested that increase of ABA levels in diseased organs must have many origins: perturbation of (1) ABA-GE translation, (2) synthesis of ABA by grapevine caused by water stress and (3) synthesis of ABA by the fungi. The possible relationship between increased ABA content in the diseased organs and expression of eutypa dieback symptoms is discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Possible relationship between aggressiveness of two Eutypa lata isolates and their polyamines and abscisic acid content

OENO One ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Tayeb Koussa ◽  
Michel Broquedis ◽  
Bernadette Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content ◽  
Antagonist Effect ◽  
Medium Culture

<p style="text-align: justify;">By HPLC analysis, we showed that myceliums of two <em>Eutypa lata</em> isolates cultivated in Enikson and Petersson medium culture synthesized polyamines (Putrescine, Spermidine and Spermine) and abscisic acid (ABA).</p><p style="text-align: justify;">ln this medium, myceliums of high virulent isolate (BXI-IO) produced fewer polyamines than less virulent isolate (BX 1-5) while inverse phenomenon was observed for ABA content. The two growth regulators were diffused in medium culture in which their levels increase with age of mycelium. In the end, variations of PA and ABA in myceliums show antagonist effect of the two growth regulators in <em>Eutypa lata</em> fungi.</p>

scholarly journals Annual variations of alpha-amylase and invertases activities in buds and internodes of grapevines and their relation with carbohydrates and abscisic acid contents

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tayeb Koussa ◽  
Lalla Aicha Rifai ◽  
Monique Cherrad
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Aba Content

<p style="text-align: justify;">The concentration of starch, soluble carbohydrates, free abscisic acid (ABA) and activities of a-amylases and invertases (the acid and the alkaline form) were investigated in buds and internodes of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot during annual cycle. The levels of starch increased in the two organs from middle august to middle of November and the decreased until middle February. These variations seem to be controlled by a-amylase which activity was low during periods of starch accumulation and high when starch contents decreased. As the bud burst draws near (since the middle of February), starch accumulated in internodes and buds. However at the same time of the activity of a-amylase which activity also increased. Starch contents could be controlled by ABA which is known to reduce a-amylase activity. Indeed in internodes ABA content was high when a-amylase activity was low. This was also the case in the buds but after break dormancy phase. This difference of comportment of a-amylase towards ABA in the buds during the annual cycle could be in relation with the change of the physiological state of buds induced by the winter chilling.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The invertases activities in buds and internodes changed inversely to the sucrose and raffinose contents during all the annual cycle suggesting that the levels of these sugars were controlled by invertases, highly by the acid form and slightly by the alkaline form. Nevertheless, in the buds, when alkaline activity of invertase was high, sucrose content was maximal. These invertases seem also implicated, with a-amylase, in the development of starch content particularly when starch was accumulated by glucose providing. In the case of buds, invertases activities appeared to change in the same sense of ABA content but not during all the cycle. This suggested that this growth regulator may not be crucial for the control of invertases activities.</p>

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

Abscisic Acid Content and Osmotic Relations of Salt-Stressed Grapevine Leaves

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJS Downton ◽  
BR Loveys
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Phaseic Acid ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

Changes in abscisic acid, phaseic acid, stomatal resistance, water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential, proline, reducing sugars and ion content (Na+, K+, Cl-) in leaves from grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) subjected to 0, 25, 50 or 100 mM NaCl (osmotic potentials of 0, - 0.1, - 0.2 and - 0.4 MPa, respectively) were monitored over a 3-week period. Abscisic acid concentration increased within 6 h for the 50 and 100 mM NaCl-treated vines. Proline did not accumulate until the next day for the 100 mM NaCl-treated plants and continued to accumulate for the duration of the experiment. Phaseic acid showed kinetics consistent with its being derived from abscisic acid. Stomatal resistance to water vapour exchange increased in the salt-treated plants over the course of the experiment despite a decline in abscisic acid concentration after the initial upsurge. Reducing sugar concentration showed an early upsurge, its contribution to osmotic readjustment being at least equal to that of accumulated Na+, K+ and Cl- the day after stress began. Potassium was preferentially accumulated over sodium into leaves during the first 8 days of the experiment and the sum of these two cations generally balanced accumulating chloride. Except for an initial loss of turgor in vines given 100 mM NaCl, turgor potential was maintained within 0.1 MPa of control plants for all of the treatments throughout the experiment.

scholarly journals Canopy Spraying of Abscisic Acid to Improve Fruit Quality of Different Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Alson Time ◽  
Claudio Ponce ◽  
Nathalie Kuhn ◽  
Macarena Arellano ◽  
Boris Sagredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Climacteric Fruit

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in promoting ripening in sweet cherry, a non-climacteric fruit. Exogenous application of ABA has been performed to study fruit ripening and cracking, but this growth regulator is not used for commercial production. To determine the potential of this growth regulator to improve sweet cherry fruit quality, ABA canopy spraying was assayed in four cultivars. Canopy spraying of S-ABA significantly: (1) enhanced sweet cherry fruit color in ‘Glenred’, ‘Lapins’ and ‘Bing’ cultivars, but not in ‘Royal Rainier’ (a bi-colored cultivar), and (2) decreased fruit size and firmness in ‘Lapins’, ‘Bing’ and ‘Royal Rainier’. Seasonally reproducible effects were seen in ‘Lapins’ (mid/late-maturing) but not in ‘Glenred’ (early-maturing). Canopy spraying of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) decreased color and increased fruit size in ‘Lapins’, but not in ‘Glenred’. Direct application of ABA on fruits attached to the tree, without application to the foliage, increased ‘Lapins’ fruit color without reducing size. These results suggest a localized fruit response to exogenous ABA application on fruit color development, but that a decrease in fruit size may be due to the effects of exogenous ABA on the tree canopy foliage.

Differential accumulation of abscisic acid and its catabolites in drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant sunflower seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Andrade ◽  
Ana Vigliocco ◽  
Sergio Alemano ◽  
Daniel Alvarez ◽  
Guillermina Abdala
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Maternal Plant ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Germinated Seeds

AbstractEleven sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines were evaluated in field and laboratory studies under drought and irrigation. In the field, lines B59, R419 and B67 had reduced seed and oil yield under drought, while no reduction was observed for R432, HAR4 and B71. Lines HA89, R415, R049, RHA274 and R423 presented intermediate responses. In laboratory tests, seeds of line B59 had reduced germination percentages at 200 and 400 mM mannitol, while germination of seeds of lines R432, B71, HAR4, RHA274 and HA89 was reduced only at 400 mM mannitol. Drought-sensitive B59 and drought-tolerant B71 grown under irrigation and drought conditions in the field were selected for hormone assays. Abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolites in pericarp, embryonic axis and cotyledons of dry and germinated seeds of B59 and B71 were determined. ABA was the major component of the pericarp of dry seeds from B71 and B59 plants grown under drought. The embryonic axis of B71 dry seeds from drought-grown plants also showed high ABA content. The major findings from this study are: (1) the drought-sensitive and -tolerant lines exhibited different ABA and catabolite profiles; (2) water environment during maternal plant growth affected ABA content and the composition of catabolites in mature and germinated seeds; (3) ABA content did not affect germination performance in our conditions; and (4) the dry and germinated seed parts showed different ABA and catabolite profiles.

scholarly journals Eutypa, Eutypella, and Cryptovalsa Species (Diatrypaceae) Associated with Prunus Species in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Providence Moyo ◽  
Ulrike Damm ◽  
Lizel Mostert ◽  
Francois Halleen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Prunus Spp

Stone fruit trees (Prunus spp.) are economically important fruit trees cultivated in South Africa. These trees are often grown in close proximity to vineyards and are to a large extent affected by the same trunk disease pathogens as grapevines. The aim of the present study was to determine whether stone fruit trees are inhabited by Diatrypaceae species known from grapevines and whether these trees could act as alternative hosts for these fungal species. Isolations were carried out from symptomatic wood of Prunus species (almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum) in stone fruit growing areas in South Africa. Identification of isolates was based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene. Forty-six Diatrypaceae isolates were obtained from a total of 380 wood samples, from which five species were identified. All five species have also been associated with dieback of grapevine. The highest number of isolates was found on apricot followed by plum. No Diatrypaceae species were isolated from peach and nectarine. Eutypa lata was the dominant species isolated (26 isolates), followed by Cryptovalsa ampelina (7), Eutypa cremea (5), Eutypella citricola (5), and Eutypella microtheca (3). First reports from Prunus spp. are E. cremea, E. citricola, and E. microtheca. Pathogenicity tests conducted on apricot and plum revealed that all these species are pathogenic to these hosts, causing red-brown necrotic lesions like those typical of Eutypa dieback on apricot.

Changes in abscisic acid content during and after drought are related to carbohydrate mobilization and hydraulic recovery in poplar stems

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Brunetti ◽  
Tadeja Savi ◽  
Andrea Nardini ◽  
Francesco Loreto ◽  
Antonella Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Drought Relief ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Abstract Drought compromises plant's ability to replace transpired water vapor with water absorbed from the soil, leading to extensive xylem dysfunction and causing plant desiccation and death. Short-term plant responses to drought rely on stomatal closure, and on the plant's ability to recover hydraulic functioning after drought relief. We hypothesize a key role for abscisic acid (ABA) not only in the control of stomatal aperture, but also in hydraulic recovery. Young plants of Populus nigra L. were used to investigate possible relationships among ABA, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and xylem hydraulic function under drought and after re-watering. In Populus nigra L. plants subjected to drought, water transport efficiency and hydraulic recovery after re-watering were monitored by measuring the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and stem specific hydraulic conductivity (Kstem). In the same plants ABA and NSC were quantified in wood and bark. Drought severely reduced stomatal conductance (gL) and markedly increased the PLC. Leaf and stem water potential, and stem hydraulic efficiency fully recovered within 24 h after re-watering, but gL values remained low. After re-watering, we found significant correlations between changes in ABA content and hexoses concentration both in wood and bark. Our findings suggest a role for ABA in the regulation of stem carbohydrate metabolism and starch mobilization upon drought relief, possibly promoting the restoration of xylem transport capacity.

Inhibition of Flowering in Lolium temulentum L. By Water Stress: a Role for Abscisic Acid

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW King ◽  
LT Evans
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The One ◽  
Floral Evocation ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
High Intensity Light

A brief, 8-h water stress during the induction of flowering in L. temulentum reduces the flowering response, the more so the greater the stress. Water stress also affected leaf photosynthetic rate, relative water content of leaves and leaf elongation. Water stress was most inhibitory to flowering when applied during the period of high-intensity light at the beginning of the one long day. The abscisic acid (ABA) content of leaves increased up to 30-fold during the imposition of water stress and fell rapidly after stress was relieved, regardless of when the stress was imposed. The greater the stress, the higher was the level of ABA in leaves and the greater was the inhibition of flowering. The ABA content of apices also rose in response to water stress, in some cases during the stress treatment but usually 8-22 h later. Flowering was inhibited when apical ABA contents were high at the end of the long day. Although water stress may influence the flowering of plants in several ways, these experiments suggest that water stress during the long day induction of L. temulentum inhibits flowering by raising the content of ABA at the shoot apex during floral evocation.

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