scholarly journals Modelling soil water content and grapevine growth and development with the stics crop-soil model under two different water management strategies

OENO One ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Valdés-Gómez ◽  
Florian Celette ◽  
Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri ◽  
Francisco Jara-Rojas ◽  
Samuel Ortega-Farías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Area Index

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background and aims</strong>: Many models have been developed to evaluate crop growth and development, but few are capable of simulating grapevine systems. The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of the STICS model to represent grapevine phenology, biomass production, yield and soil water content in two situations differing with respect to rainfall distribution and water management strategies.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Simulations were performed for an irrigated vineyard in Chile and an irrigated and a non-irrigated vineyard in France. The crop model gave a good estimation of the main stages of grapevine phenology (less than six days difference between simulated and observed values). Soil water content was the best simulated variable (R2 = 0.99), whereas grapevine evapotranspiration observed only in Chile (R2 = 0.43) and leaf area index observed only in France (R2= 0.80) were the worst simulated variables. Biomass production, yield and their components were correctly simulated (within the 95 % Student confidence interval around the mean observed value). A comparison of the fraction of transpirable soil water and vine water potential measurements with the water stress indices calculated by the STICS model showed that the time and duration of the grapevine water stress period was correctly estimated.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Therefore, the STICS model was reasonably successful in simulating vine growth and development, and identifying critical periods concerning the vine water status.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance of the study</strong>: The STICS model can be used to evaluate various water management strategies and their impacts on grape production.</p>

MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASLAM ALI ◽  
SANJIT CHANDRA BARMAN ◽  
MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM KHAN ◽  
MD. BADIUZZAMAN KHAN ◽  
HAFSA JAHAN HIYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4 emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4 emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4 emissions as well as yield scaled CH4 emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4 emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.

SOIL WATER CONTENT VARIATIONS AS WATER STRESS INDICATOR IN PEACH TREES

2011 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
I. Abrisqueta ◽  
J. Vera ◽  
J.M. Abrisqueta ◽  
M.C. Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
L.M. Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Peach Trees

Coupling model of ecohydrology and simulation of typical shrub ecosystems on the Loess Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Weiwei Fang ◽  
Fangzhong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Caragana Korshinskii

&lt;p&gt;Shrub is the main vegetation type for vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, which plays an important role in the regional ecosystem restoration. Study on the relationships between vegetation and soil water of typical shrub ecosystems are significant for the restoration and reconstruction of ecosystems in the Loess Plateau. Three typical shrub (&lt;em&gt;Hippophae rhamnoides&lt;/em&gt; Linn., &lt;em&gt;Spiraea pubescens&lt;/em&gt; Turcz., and &lt;em&gt;Caragana korshinskii&lt;/em&gt; Kom.) ecosystems were chosen in the Loess Plateau. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the factors that influencing the processes of rainfall interception and root uptake of typical shrubs. S-Biome-BGC model was established based on the Biome-BGC model by developing the rainfall interception and soil water movement sub-models. The model was calibrated and verified using field data. The calibrated S-Biome-BGC model was used to simulate the characteristics of leaf area index (&lt;em&gt;LAI&lt;/em&gt;), net primary productivity (&lt;em&gt;NPP&lt;/em&gt;), soil water content and the interactions among them for the shrub ecosystems along the precipitation gradients in the Loess Plateau, respectively. The results showed that the predictions of the S-Biome-BGC model for soil water content and&lt;em&gt; LAI&lt;/em&gt; of typical shrub ecosystems in Loess Plateau were significantly more accurate than that of Biome-BGC model. The simulated &lt;em&gt;RMSE&lt;/em&gt; of soil water content decreased from 0.040~0.130 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; to 0.026~0.035 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;, and the simulated &lt;em&gt;RMSE&lt;/em&gt; of&lt;em&gt; LAI&lt;/em&gt; decreased from 0.37~0.70 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; to 0.35~0.37 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;. Therefore, the S-Biome-BGC model can reflect the interaction between plant growth and soil water content in the shrub ecosystems of the Loess Plateau. The S-Biome-BGC model simulation for &lt;em&gt;LAI&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; NPP&lt;/em&gt; and soil water content of the three typical shrubs were significantly different along the precipitation gradients, and increased with annual precipitation together. However, different &lt;em&gt;LAI&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;NPP&lt;/em&gt; and soil water correlations were found under different precipitation gradients.&lt;em&gt; LAI&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; NPP&lt;/em&gt; have significant positive correlations with soil water content in the areas where the annual precipitation is above 460~500 mm that could afford the shrubs growth. The results of the study provide a re-vegetation threshold to guide future re-vegetation activities in the Loess Plateau.&lt;/p&gt;

Modeling of a forested study site with the Community Land Model version 5 using climate projections for the 21st century.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Strebel ◽  
Klaus Goergen ◽  
Bibi S. Naz ◽  
Heye Bogena ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Community Land Model

&lt;p&gt;Modeling forest ecosystems is important to facilitate adaptations in forest management approaches necessary to address the challenges of climate change, particularly of interest are ecohydrological states and fluxes such as soil water content, biomass, leaf area index, and evapotranspiration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The community land model in its current version 5 (CLM5) simulates a broad collection of important land-surface processes; from moisture and energy partitioning, through biogeophysical processes, to surface and subsurface runoff. Additionally, CLM5 contains a biogeochemistry model (CLM5-BGC) which includes prognostic computation of vegetation states and carbon and nitrogen pools. However, CLM5 predictions are affected by uncertainty related to uncertain model forcings and parameters. Here, we use data assimilation methods to improve model performance by assimilating soil water content observations into CLM5 using the parallel data assimilation framework (PDAF).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The coupled modeling framework was applied to the small (38.5 ha) forested catchment W&amp;#252;stebach located in the Eifel National Park near the German-Belgian border. As part of the terrestrial environmental observatories (TERENO) network, the SoilNet sensors at the study site provide soil water content and soil temperature measurements since 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CLM5 simulations for the period 2009-2100 were made, using local atmospheric observations for the period of 2009-2018 and an ensemble of regional climate model projections for 2019-2100. Simulations illustrate that data assimilation of soil water content improves the characterization of past model states, and that estimated model parameters and default model parameters result in different trajectories of ecohydrological states for 2019-2100. The simulations also illustrate that this site is hardly affected by increased water stress in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The developed framework will be extended and applied for both ecosystem reanalysis as well as further simulations using climate projections across forested sites over Europe.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Tomato and Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L. and S. ptycanthum Dun.) Effects on Soil Water Content

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton E. McGiffen ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Morris G. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the response of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), black nightshade (S. nigrum), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Heinz 6004) to water stress and the effect of nightshade-tomato competition on soil water content. In the greenhouse, plants were exposed to three water regimes induced by watering either daily, weekly, or biweekly. Water deficit caused a similar decrease in height, weight, and leaf area in all three species. There was more than a 50% reduction in height when the plants were watered biweekly compared with daily watering. Water stress caused a shift in biomass from shoots to roots in all three species. Black nightshade and tomato produced thinner leaves in response to water deficit. Companion field experiments were conducted during the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons in Urbana, Ill. Eastern black nightshade and black nightshade were transplanted at densities of 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 plants/m2, 5 days after tomatoes were transplanted. These nightshade densities caused significant reductions in soil water content. In 1989, only the highest density of either nightshade species reduced topsoil water content. In 1990, all densities of nightshade, except the two lowest densities of black nightshade, reduced topsoil water content. Eastern black nightshade consistently had a greater effect on tomato yield than black nightshade. Tomato yields averaged over both years were 17,000 and 8,000 kg·ha-1 at the highest (4.8 plants/m*) density of black and eastern black nightshade, respectively. The decrease in soil moisture from high densities of nightshade could not account for the reduced yields.

Spatial variability of soil water content and soil chemistry affect grapevine growth in degraded slopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agota Horel ◽  
Imre Zagyva ◽  
Márton Dencső ◽  
Eszter Tóth ◽  
Györgyi Gelybó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Water System ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetation Growth

&lt;p&gt;Three slopes with grapevines were investigated to see changes in the soil-plant-water system over vegetation growth. The slopes have the following parameters: 1) young grapevine plants with tilled soil (YR), 2) older grapevines with grassland between rows next to the young grapevine (OR), and 3) older grapevines with grass between rows at a different location and slope position (OF). All experimental slopes had identical plant canopy management such as pruning or shoot and bunch thinning. All slopes are prone to erosion. For continuous hydrological monitoring soil water content and temperature sensors were placed at 15 cm and 40 cm below ground both at the top and bottom of the slopes. For indications of plant growth photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors were placed below the canopy, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) sensors were used to monitor leaf reflectance. All sites included a set of hemispherical sensor sets to measure incoming radiation. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was measured on a biweekly basis using a handheld ceptometer. We found that in the OR and OF sites the soil water content (VWC) was higher at the lower portion of the slope, while for the YR the VWC was the highest at the top. Soil temperature was higher at the top of the slopes over 6% for YR and 9% for OR sites compared to the bottom measuring points. The most notable difference in the NDVI values was observed for OR, where the plants at the top of the slope showed much lower NDVI values compared to the ones at the bottom of the slope. For the younger grapevines, this tendency was showing the opposite results, the plants at the top of the slope had much higher NDVI values than the lower ones, indicating higher leaf densities. The collected PAR values further support these findings, as the OR plants at the top of the slope had the highest PAR values signifying lower leaf areas and densities. The differences in the PRI values suggest that plants at the bottom of the slope have either better nutrient usage or less stress for drought conditions. The LAI values correlated well with the spectral reflectance sensor data. The OR and OF showed higher LAI at the bottom of the slope, while the younger grapevines showed the opposite. The highest LAI values were observed for the YR (max values were around 7) and the lowest for the OF plants (max LAI value was 3.2).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soil Water Content Measurements with Capacitance Probes to Support Irrigation Scheduling in a “Red Beaut” Japanese Plum Orchard

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Sandra Millán ◽  
Carlos Campillo ◽  
Antonio Vivas ◽  
María José Moñino ◽  
Maria Henar Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Japanese Plum

Advances in electromagnetic sensor technologies in recent years have made automated irrigation scheduling a reality through the use of state-of-the-art soil moisture sensing devices. However, correct sensor positioning and interpretation of the measurements are key to the successful implementation of these management systems. The aim of this study is to establish guidelines for soil moisture sensor placement to support irrigation scheduling, taking into account the physiological response of the plant. The experimental work was carried out in Vegas Bajas del Guadiana (Extremadura, Spain) on a drip-irrigated experimental orchard of the early-maturing Japanese plum cultivar “Red Beaut”. Two irrigation treatments were established: control and drying. The control treatment was scheduled to cover crop water needs. In the drying treatment, the fruit trees were irrigated as in control, except in certain periods (preharvest and postharvest) in which irrigation was suspended (drying cycles). Over 3 years (2015–2017), a series of plant parameters were analyzed in relation to the measurements provided by a battery of frequency domain reflectometry probes installed in different positions with respect to tree and dripper: midday stem water potential (Ψstem), sap flow, leaf stomatal conductance, net leaf photosynthesis and daily fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. After making a comparison of these measurements as indicators of plant water status, Ψstem was found to be the physiological parameter that detected water stress earliest. The drying cycles were very useful to select the probe positions that provided the best information for irrigation management and to establish a threshold in the different phases of the crop below which detrimental effects could be caused to the crop. With respect to the probes located closest to the drippers, a drop in the relative soil water content (RSWC) below 0.2 would not be advisable for “non-stress” scheduling in the preharvest period. When no deficit irrigation strategies are applied in the postharvest period, the criteria are similar to those of preharvest. However, the probes located between the dripper at 0.15 and 0.30 m depth provide information on moderate water stress if the RSWC values falls below 0.2. The severe tree water stress was detected below 0.1 RSWC in probes located at 60 cm depth from this same position.

scholarly journals Using the sensitivity of biomass production to soil water for physiological drought evaluation

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue No. 1) ◽  
pp. S116-S122 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Novák
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Potential Transpiration

The analysis of drought as a phenomenon and the proposal of how to define and quantify the deficiency of water in soil for plants, so called physiological drought, are described. The presented approach is based on the theoretical considerations supported by empirically estimated relationships between the biomass production of a particular plant and the transpiration total of this plant during its vegetation period. This relationship is linear and is valid for particular plant and environmental conditions (nutrition, agrotechnics). Optimal plant production can be reached for maximum seasonal transpiration total, therefore the potential transpiration total corresponds to the maximum possible yield. The transpiration rate lower than the potential one leads to a biomass production decrease. This phenomenon can be used to define the physiological drought, under which the soil water content in the root zone decreases below the so called critical soil water content of limited availability for plants, under which the transpiration rate drops below its potential transpiration rate. Methodology is illustrated on the basis of the results of mathematical modelling of soil water movement in Soil – Plant – Atmosphere system, with loamy soil and maize canopy.

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