scholarly journals Effects of canopy management practices on grapevine bud fruitfulness

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Collins ◽  
Xiaoyi Wang ◽  
Stephen Lesefko ◽  
Roberta De Bei ◽  
Sigfredo Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Canopy Management

Background and aims: Bud fruitfulness is a key component of grapevine reproductive performance as it determines crop production for the following growing season. While canopy microclimate can impact bud fruitfulness, the effects of canopy management practices on bud fruitfulness are not well known. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of common canopy management practices on bud fruitfulness and the relationships with shoot growth capacity, bud microclimate and bud carbohydrate level.Methods and results: Different canopy management practices, (shoot thinning, bunch thinning, leaf removal and lighter pruning) were applied to Semillon and Shiraz grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Light interception at the bud zone was measured after canopy management practices were applied. Bud fruitfulness at dormancy was assessed using bud dissection analysis. The number and size of inflorescence primordia, and the incidence of primary bud necrosis were recorded. The results were correlated with measurements of shoot growth capacity and carbohydrate content of buds and canes.Conclusions: Bud fruitfulness was mostly influenced by bud light interception, while the size of inflorescence primordia was positively correlated with shoot growth capacity and the carbohydrate level of buds. By altering canopy microclimate, canopy management practices can be used to manipulate bud fruitfulness and potentially bunch size.Significance and impact of the study: This study provides novel information on the impact of canopy management on grapevine bud fruitfulness and the size of inflorescence primordia. These findings can be used to make more informed vineyard management decisions for better yield control.

The effect of leaf removal and canopy height on whole-vine gas exchange and fruit development of Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon Blanc

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Petrie ◽  
Michael C. T. Trought ◽  
G. Stanley Howell ◽  
Graeme D. Buchan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
The Impact

Canopy topping and leaf removal are management practices commonly used in New Zealand vineyards to increase light and pesticide penetration to the fruit zone, thus, reducing disease incidence. Previous research has suggested that an increase in photosynthesis occurs when leaves are removed, and this may compensate for the reduced leaf area. However, it is difficult to extrapolate single-leaf photosynthesis measurements to a whole-plant scale. Therefore the extent of the compensation is unknown. To evaluate the impact of leaf removal and canopy height on whole-vine photosynthesis, treatments were imposed during the lag phase of berry growth. Leaves were removed from the lower quarter of the canopy, or vines were topped to three quarters of the height of control plants, in a two-by-two-factorial design. Both topping and leaf removal caused a decrease in whole-vine photosynthesis immediately after the treatments were imposed. Leaf removal, but not topping height, reduced photosynthesis on a per unit leaf area basis. This suggests that the lower portion of the canopy contributes more than the upper portion of the canopy to whole-vine photosynthesis. When measurements were made again approximately two months later, tall vines without leaf removal had a higher photosynthesis rate than the other treatments. Fruit yield, sugar content, vine carbohydrate reserves and pruning weights followed trends similar to those observed for photosynthesis, suggesting that although some photosynthetic compensation occurred, the defoliation treatments had a negative effect on vine growth.

scholarly journals Soil Management Practices to Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Inform Emission Factors in Arid Irrigated Specialty Crop Systems

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu-Barker ◽  
Mark Easter ◽  
Amy Swan ◽  
Mary Carlson ◽  
Lucas Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from arid irrigated agricultural soil in California have been predicted to represent 8% of the state’s total GHG emissions. Although specialty crops compose the majority of the state’s crops in both economic value and land area, the portion of GHG emissions contributed by them is still highly uncertain. Current and emerging soil management practices affect the mitigation of those emissions. Herein, we review the scientific literature on the impact of soil management practices in California specialty crop systems on GHG nitrous oxide emissions. As such studies from most major specialty crop systems in California are limited, we focus on two annual and two perennial crops with the most data from the state: tomato, lettuce, wine grapes and almond. Nitrous oxide emission factors were developed and compared to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factors, and state-wide emissions for these four crops were calculated for specific soil management practices. Dependent on crop systems and specific management practices, the emission factors developed in this study were either higher, lower or comparable to IPCC emission factors. Uncertainties caused by low gas sampling frequency in these studies were identified and discussed. These uncertainties can be remediated by robust and standardized estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from changes in soil management practices in California specialty crop systems. Promising practices to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and meet crop production goals, pertinent gaps in knowledge on this topic and limitations of this approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Nutrient Availability under Lettuce Grown in Rye Mulch in Histosols

Nitrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré ◽  
Alexis Gloutney ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
The Impact

Vegetable crop production, which is expanding worldwide, is managed extremely intensively and is therefore raising concerns about soil degradation. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of using rye mulch as a conservation practice on nutrient availability for lettuce grown in histosols. The rye cover crop was established in the fall of 2018 at two cultivated peatland sites. The following summer, lettuce crops were planted at both sites on the rye mulch cover and on control plots. Lysimeters were used to extract the soil solution once a week during lettuce growth. Various soil properties were analyzed in the soil sampled at the end of the lettuce growing season. The rye yield was higher at site 1 than at site 2 and the lettuce growth was reduced at site 1 under the rye mulch treatment. The rye mulch reduced mineral N and dissolved organic N availability at both sites. The N dynamics in histosols might be fast enough to supply the lettuce needs; however, the implantation difficulties must first be overcome to confirm that hypothesis. At the end of the lettuce growth period, soil total and active C pools and soluble organic soil N in the rye mulch treatment sample were significantly higher at site 1 than at site 2. The presence of rye mulch improved the carbon pool over a single growing season. The use of rye mulch as a soil conservation practice for vegetable crop production appears promising for histosols; however, more work is needed to gain a better understanding on the long-term effects of decomposing rye mulch and roots on soil nutrient availability, soil health and C sequestration, and on the nitrogen uptake pathways and growth of cash crops. Future works which would include consecutive years of study at multiple sites are also needed to be able to confirm and generalize the observations found in the present work.

scholarly journals Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monther M. Tahat ◽  
Kholoud M. Alananbeh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Impact

A healthy soil acts as a dynamic living system that delivers multiple ecosystem services, such as sustaining water quality and plant productivity, controlling soil nutrient recycling decomposition, and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Soil health is closely associated with sustainable agriculture, because soil microorganism diversity and activity are the main components of soil health. Agricultural sustainability is defined as the ability of a crop production system to continuously produce food without environmental degradation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cyanobacteria, and beneficial nematodes enhance water use efficiency and nutrient availability to plants, phytohormones production, soil nutrient cycling, and plant resistance to environmental stresses. Farming practices have shown that organic farming and tillage improve soil health by increasing the abundance, diversity, and activity of microorganisms. Conservation tillage can potentially increase grower’s profitability by reducing inputs and labor costs as compared to conventional tillage while organic farming might add extra management costs due to high labor demands for weeding and pest control, and for fertilizer inputs (particularly N-based), which typically have less consistent uniformity and stability than synthetic fertilizers. This review will discuss the external factors controlling the abundance of rhizosphere microbiota and the impact of crop management practices on soil health and their role in sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals Influence of summer management practices and date of harvesting on organic acids concentration and sugar concentration in grapes of Vitis vinifera L., cv. Riesling

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Lubomír Lampíř ◽  
Jiří Źaloudek
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wine Ageing ◽  
Cool Climate

The impact of summer canopy management was investigated in Vitis vinifera L., cv. Riesling. Sugar and organic acid concentrations were measured for the six defoliation treatments. Titratable acidity (TA) was measured twice before harvest and once at the date of harvest. The same measurements were done twice during wine ageing. The young wine was measured for concentrations of malic, tartaric and volatile acids. Treatments with appropriate defoliation, where shortened lateral shoots (up to two leaves) were retained, supported the process of wine grape ripening to the greatest extend in the cool climate of the Czech Republic, while treatments with almost no defoliation yielded the worst results. The TA decreased during fruit ripening after veraison and continued to decrease during wine maturation. The tendency of decreasing with time was shown for the malic to tartaric acid ratio as well. Concentrations of volatile acids were sufficiently low in each of the treatments.

scholarly journals A global dataset for crop production under conventional tillage and no tillage systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Su ◽  
Benoit Gabrielle ◽  
David Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNo tillage (NT) is often presented as a means to grow crops with positive environmental externalities, such as enhanced carbon sequestration, improved soil quality, reduced soil erosion, and increased biodiversity. However, whether NT systems are as productive as those relying on conventional tillage (CT) is a controversial issue, fraught by a high variability over time and space. Here, we expand existing datasets to include the results of the most recent field experiments, and we produce a global dataset comparing the crop yields obtained under CT and NT systems. In addition to crop yield, our dataset also reports information on crop growing season, management practices, soil characteristics and key climate parameters throughout the experimental year. The final dataset contains 4403 paired yield observations between 1980 and 2017 for eight major staple crops in 50 countries. This dataset can help to gain insight into the main drivers explaining the variability of the productivity of NT and the consequence of its adoption on crop yields.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought on Vegetation Productivity of Farmland Ecosystems in the Drylands of Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Xiufang Zhu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Kun Xu ◽  
Yaozhong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

Previous research on the effects of drought on vegetation productivity seldom distinguished the different responses of vegetation ecosystems to drought under different management practices and different land use systems. Studies investigating whether irrigation can buffer the negative impacts of drought on vegetation usually used discontinuous yield data in distribution. In this study, the trends in drought and vegetation productivity in farmlands in the drylands of northern China (DNC) from 2000 to 2018 were studied using the self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). The differences in the impact of drought on vegetation productivity in irrigated farmland, rainfed farmland, and natural vegetation areas were quantified. The results showed that the growing season scPDSI and EVI showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2018. Significant correlations between drought anomalies and EVI anomalies were found in both arid drylands and semi-arid drylands. In addition, irrigation mitigated 59.66% of the negative impact caused by drought on irrigated farmland EVI in the growing season. The impact of drought on irrigated farmland EVI in the growing season was 19.98% lower than that on natural vegetation EVI. The impact of drought on natural vegetation EVI was 49.59% lower than that on rainfed farmland EVI. The results of this study refine the vegetation response to drought under different land management practices and land use patterns.

scholarly journals Fluensulfone: A New “Tool in the Tool Box” to Manage Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Production

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilma X. Castillo ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Pablo A. Navia Gine
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a problem in agricultural systems by feeding on crops, therefore affecting their yield. Fluensulfone is a chemical that can be applied using various methods to manage the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on crop production. This 6-page document discusses the characteristics and use of fluensulfone as a tool for nematode management practices. Written by Gilma X. Castillo, Monica Ozores-Hampton, and Pablo A. Navia Gine and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Horticultural Sciences, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1313

scholarly journals Specialization issues of production of agrarian enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 06056
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vlasenko ◽  
Vitaliy Vlasovets ◽  
Sergiy Timofeev ◽  
Anna Кravets
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the combination of branches of livestock farming and crop production within agrarian enterprises creates a certain complexity in the use of material, labour and land resources and makes it necessary to create an optimal ratio on the basis of the formation of the most perspective and efficient industries. However, the contradictory and controversial nature of the data on the impact of various interconnected factors, the presence of primarily theoretical modelling while determining the optimal level of specialization of agrarian enterprises does not allow to achieve a given level of efficiency and efficiency of functioning performance Therefore, the purpose of the research is to provide scientific substantiation of the efficiency improving directions of agrarian enterprises through their specialization improvement. They are the empirical basis of the structured choice of directions to increase the functioning efficiency of agrarian enterprises. For the crop production industry, the main direction that will increase the management efficiency is the crops productivity increase due to the production profitability increase for the most management conditions. It was determined that regional features are important for plant cultivation and animal husbandry sectors while determining the influence factors on specialization. It was found out that for both industries, the negative impact of labour security and ineffective management practices are typical, and state support through subsidies for agricultural enterprises does not guarantee the increase in the production efficiency.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and management strategies on water and salt balance of the polders and islands in the Ganges delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mainuddin ◽  
Fazlul Karim ◽  
Donald S. Gaydon ◽  
John M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Ganges Delta ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water And Salt Balance

AbstractEnhancing crop production, particularly by growing a crop in the typically-fallow dry season is a key strategy for alleviating poverty in the Ganges delta region. We used a polder water and salt balance model to examine the impact of several crop management, salt management and climate change scenarios on salinity and crop evapotranspiration at Dacope and Amtali in Bangladesh and Gosaba in India. A key (and unsurprising) finding is that salt management is very important, particularly at the two drier sites, Dacope and Gosaba. Good salt management lowers salinity in the shallow groundwater, soil and water storage ponds, and leads to more irrigation. Climate change is projected to alter rainfall, and this in turn leads to modelled increases or decreases in runoff from the polders, and thence affect salt concentrations in the soil and ponds and canals. Thus, the main impacts of climate change are through the indirect impacts on salt concentrations, rather than the direct impacts of the amount of water supplied as rainfall. Management practices to remove salt from polders are therefore likely to be effective in combatting the impacts of projected climate change particularly at Dacope and Gosaba.

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