scholarly journals Comparison of Cr/C and Cr2O3/Z Catalysts on Hydrocracking of Bio Oil from Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Molekul ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Zainal Fanani ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin ◽  
Addy Rachmat ◽  
Muhammad Said
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Pyridine Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Bio Oil

Bio-oil derived from palm empty fruit bunch is not suitable for fuel purpose due to high acidity and low heating. Cr2O3/Zeolite and Cr/C catalysts was developed to upgrade bio-oil through hydrocracking. The catalyst prepared via impregnation method followed by oxidation-reduction. Ammonia and pyridine adsorption used to evaluate acidity as well as crystallinity assessment by using XRD. Hydrocracking reaction conducted in hydrogen gas flow rates 0.5-3.0 L/min, the surface area of Cr/C catalyst found out 1,497.07-1,652.58 m2/g, whilst the temperatures 450 to 700 ℃ and the catalyst weights between 0.5 to 2.5 g. Acidity calculated from ammonia and pyridine adsorption shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has higher value compare to pristine Zeolite. XRD pattern shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has high crystallinity as indicated by sharp and pointed diffraction peaks. The optimum condition of hydrocracking confirmed by lower density of liquid product. The variables obtained by a separate experiments shows that H2 gas flow rate best at 2.5 L/min, temperature of hydrocracking 500 ℃ for Cr2O3/Zeolite and 600oC for Cr/C whereas weight of Cr2O3/Zeolite catalyst is 1.5 g. The Cr/C catalyst that gave low density product possess 1,554.48 m2/g surface area. GCMS data shows increase on the number of straight chain compounds within the hydrocracking product.

scholarly journals Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000
Author(s):  
Santiyo Wibowo ◽  
Lisna Efiyanti ◽  
Gustan Pari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Bio Oil

The world’s potency of fossil-derived petroleum fuels has declined steadily, while its consumption continues to rise ominously. Therefore, several countries have started to develop renewable fuels like bio-oil from biomass. Relevantly, the aim of this research was to explore the technical feasibility of upgrading the qualities of crude bio-oil (CBO) produced from the pyrolysis on oil-palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using Ni/NZA catalyst in a batch reactor. The natural zeolite (NZ) was activated by HCL 6 N and NH4Cl (obtained sample NZA). Supporting Ni onto NZA was conducted with an impregnation method using a salt precursor of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O followed by calcination with a temperature of 500 °C. Catalyst characterization includes determining the site of TO4 (T = Si or Al) in zeolites, acidity, crystallinity, and catalyst morphology. Cracking reaction of CBO was carried out in batch reactor in varied temperatures of 250 and 300 °C with the variation of catalyst weight of 0, 4, 6, and 8% toward CBO. Several analyses of the liquid product such as product yield, specific gravity, pH, viscosity, calorific value, and chemical compound were conducted. The results showed that acidification and Ni loading on zeolite samples increased their acidity. The optimum CBO’s cracking condition was judged to be the temperature of 300 °C with 6% Ni/NZA catalyst use, whereby the fuel yield reached 26.42% and dominated by particular compounds comprising phenol, octanoic acid, and alkane hydrocarbons. Under such conditions, the characteristics of fuel were pH 3.54, specific gravity 0.995, viscosity 14.3 cSt, and calorific value 30.85 MJ/kg.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch over Activated Natural Dolomite Catalyst: Product Distribution and Product Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Arif Hidayat ◽  
Muflih Arisa Adnan ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

In this study, an activated natural dolomite catalyst is used as catalyst for the palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB) pyrolysis to produce bio-oil. The research was conducted in fixed bed reactors operating in batches by varying several parameters, which are temperature (400-600°C) and nitrogen gas flow rate (100-300 mL.min-1). The results show that the catalytic pyrolysis process using an activated natural dolomite catalyst obtains a maximum liquid yield of 35.87% when using a 500°C catalytic pyrolysis temperature and the rate of nitrogen gas is 100 cm3/minute, while the yield of gas and solids is 53.12% and 11.76%, respectively. The use of the dolomite activation catalyst influences the product distribution of pyrolysis and the bio-oil chemical compounds.

scholarly journals The Catalytic Performance of ZrO2-SO4 and Ni/ZrO2-SO4 Prepared from Commercial ZrO2 in Hydrocracking of LDPE Plastic Waste into Liquid Fuels

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3070-3078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Kurnia Amin ◽  
Karna Wijaya ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Catalyst Acidity ◽  
Liquid Yield

Catalytic activity and selectivity toward liquid fuels production of ZrO2, SZ, 0.5NiSZ, 1.0NiSZ, and 1.5NiSZ catalysts with different physicochemical properties, in hydrocracking process upon the second stage of sequential LDPE plastic conversion method after pyrolysis process, were examined. The hydrocracking reaction was carried out at 300°C under 20 mL/min of hydrogen gas flow for 1 h. Modifying commercial ZrO2 with sulfate and Ni enhances the acidity of catalyst, even though there is a decrease in surface area. The increase in acidity of catalyst results in the higher liquid fuels conversion. The presence of nickel reduces olefins content and aromatic content of liquid product, and also reduces coke formation. The highest liquid yield (44.32%) that composed by 66.25% fraction of gasoline is produced over 1.5NiSZ which has the highest catalyst acidity.

scholarly journals Hydrotreatment of Cellulose-Derived Bio-Oil Using Copper and/or Zinc Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silica-Alumina Synthesized from Lapindo Mud and Catfish Bone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahri Swasdika ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Iip Izul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Catalytic Application ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Metal Addition ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

Catalysts comprising copper and/or zinc supported on mesoporous silica-alumina (MSA) with a high Si/Al ratio were prepared by wet impregnation method. This study investigated the preparation, characterization, and catalytic application of the prepared catalysts for hydrotreatment cellulose-derived bio-oil. The wet impregnation was performed by directly dispersing Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and/or Zn(NO3)2·4H2O aqueous solution into MSA, followed by calcination and reduction under H2 gas stream. The acidity test revealed that metal addition on MSA support increases the acidity of catalysts. During hydrotreatment of cellulose-derived bio-oil CuZn/MSA with total acidity, copper loading, zinc loading, and specific surface area of 24.86 mmol g–1, 5.23 wt.%, 3.15 wt.%, and 170.77 m2 g–1, respectively, exhibited the best performance compared to other prepared catalysts with 90.49 wt.% conversion of liquid product.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production Through Water Splitting Reaction Using Titanium Dioxide (Tio2) Nanotubes Photocatalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.23) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohdhasmizamrazali . ◽  
Nurarifah Ismail ◽  
Khairulanuar Mat Amin
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Ideal Process

Nowadays, the most ideal process for hydrogen production is to use water as a hydrogen source through water splitting reaction with the present of the titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NT’s) was synthesized using facile hydrothermal method. TEM micrograph shows that the synthesized TiO2-NT’s had tubular structure with “hair-like” nanoscopic filaments with large specific surface area, which is needed to be a high performance photocatalyst. The saiz of nanotube are 4 nm and 10 nm for inner and outer diameters, respectively. Meanwhile, their surface area was found to be 226.52 m2/g. XRD pattern revealed that the phase structure of synthesized TiO2-NT’s was anatase TiO2. Synthesized TiO2-NT’s was tested for hydrogen gas production managed to produce 80 µmol after 5 hours reaction.  

scholarly journals Production of Bio-oil through Fast Pyrolysis of Baobab Waste Shells

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Asmaa Ali Mohammed Ali ◽  
Mustafa Abbas Mustafa ◽  
Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

The increasing demand for transportation fuel, due to increased urbanization, is now compounded by depleting and unstable crude oil reserves. Furthermore, the volatile market and the negative environmental impact of fossil fuels have driven the usage of biomass as a potential energy source. Of particular interest are biomass waste and baobab shells present an interesting option. The objective of this study is to produce bio oil by a fast pyrolysis process from baobab shells. The effect of reaction temperature, biomass particle size and fluidizing gas flow rate on the liquid product yield are investigated. The maximum liquid yield obtained was 36.6% at 500 OC at a N2 gas flowrate of 11.6 l/min and a particle size of less than 0.5 mm.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Ce-Mesoporous Silica Catalyst and Its Lifetime Determination for the Hydrocracking of Waste Lubricant

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
Iip Izul Falah ◽  
Andreas David Siagian ◽  
Muhammad Fajar Marsuki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Transmission Electron

The synthesis of Ce/mesoporous silica (Ce/MS) and its lifetime determination for the hydrocracking of waste lubricant has been carried out. The MS was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and gelatin extracted from bovine bone as a template. Cerium was impregnated onto the MS by wet impregnation method using Ce(NO3)3.6H2O. The MS and Ce/MS were then characterized by means of acidity using ammonia base vapor adsorption, Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX), and surface area analyzer (SAA) based on the BET and BJH equation. The Ce/MS catalyst was tested in hydrocracking of waste lubricant in three runs. Lifetime of Ce/MS catalyst was determined using a linear regression of the liquid product yields vs hydrocracking time. The Ce/MS catalyst showed an acidity of 2.79 mmol/g, BJH desorption pore diameter of 3.84 nm, BET surface area of 246.55 m2/g, and total pore volume of 0.44 cm3/g. The yield of liquid product obtained from hydrocracking of waste lubricant using the Ce/MS catalyst for the first, second, and third runs was 21.42, 17.23 and 10.54 wt.%, respectively for 2.5 h per each run. Lifetime of Ce/MS catalyst in hydrocracking of waste lubricant was 12.54 h.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of wild cyanophyta from Chaohu lake for bio-oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Juan Ci ◽  
Xin Lai Wei ◽  
Zhi Min Yu ◽  
Jie Jin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

<p>To solve the environmental problems caused by the algae, pyrolysis experiment was studied to produce bio-oil with the wild cyanophyta from Chaohu lake for the first time. The results showed that the suitable temperature, carrier gas flow rate, and the smaller particle size were better for liquid products generation, the liquid (bio-oil) yield obtained maximum (66 %) at temperature of 450 <sup>o</sup>C, carried gas flow rate of 50 mL/min and particle size of less than 0.25 mm. The main ingredients of liquid product from cyanophyta pyrolysis consisted of hydrocarbons, nitrogenous compounds, acids and other organic compounds (such as alcohols, phenols esters and non-identified materials). Acid content was the highest and greatly affected by temperature. The content of hydrocarbons was about 15%.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of hydrogen gas flow system in DECY - 13 cyclotron

2021 ◽  
Vol 1825 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
F I Diah ◽  
Saminto ◽  
V A F Sari ◽  
K Wibowo ◽  
F S Permana
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Hydrogen Gas

scholarly journals Hydrogen gas concentration measurement in small area using raman lidar measurement technnology

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiyo Sugimoto ◽  
Ippei Asahi ◽  
Tatuso Shiina
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Measurement Point ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Scattering Light ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

When change of hydrogen(H2) gas concentration in a certain point is measured, non-contact measurement technology with high temporal and spatial resolution is necessary. In this study, H2 concentration in the small area of <1cm2 under the gas flow was measured by using a Raman lidar. Raman scattering light at the measurement point of 750mm ahead was detected by the Raman lidar. As a result, it was proved that the H2 concentration of more than 100ppm could be successfully measured.

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