scholarly journals Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Explained

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
Rodolfo Mesa ◽  
Jessica Jurmain ◽  
Kenneth G. Furton
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Very High

The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented that eloquently explains the mystery behind this new and powerful sample preparation technique. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol-gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabric, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate very fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows for direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution and to highly acidic or basic environments (pH 1-12) if required. A sol-gel derived sorbent, highly polar sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) coating, was generated on cellulose substrates. Five cm2 segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion. An important class of environmental pollutants, substituted phenols, was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol-gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities for both the compound classes in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substitute phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.

scholarly journals Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Explained

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
Rodolfo Mesa ◽  
Jessica Jurmain ◽  
Kenneth Furton
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Substituted Phenols ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Very High

The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented that eloquently explains the mystery behind this new and powerful sample preparation technique. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol-gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabric, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate very fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows for direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution and to highly acidic or basic environments (pH 1-12) if required. A sol-gel derived sorbent, highly polar sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) coating, was generated on cellulose substrates. Five cm2 segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion. An important class of environmental pollutants, substituted phenols, was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol-gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities for both the compound classes in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substituted phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.

Green bioanalytical sample preparation: fabric phase sorptive extraction

Bioanalysis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Manousi ◽  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
George A Zachariadis
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Inorganic Sorbent ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Method Optimization ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a recently introduced sample preparation technique that has attracted substantial interest of the scientific community dealing with bioanalysis. This technique is based on a permeable and flexible substrate made of fabric, coated with a sol-gel organic-inorganic sorbent. Among the benefits of FPSE are its tunable selectivity, adjustable porosity, minimized sample preparation workflow, substantially reduced organic solvent consumption, rapid extraction kinetics and superior extraction efficiency, many of which are well-known criteria for Green Analytical Chemistry. As such, FPSE has established itself as a leading green sample preparation technology of 21st century. In this review, we discuss the principal steps for the development of an FPSE method, the main method optimization strategies, as well as the applications of FPSE in bioanalysis for the extraction of a wide range of analytes (e.g., estrogens, benzodiazepines, androgens and progestogens, penicillins, anti-inflammatory drugs, parabens etc.).

scholarly journals Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction: A Paradigm Shift Approach in Analytical and Bioanalytical Sample Preparation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
Victoria Samanidou
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Anion Exchanger ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Wide Range

Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is an evolutionary sample preparation approach which was introduced in 2014, meeting all green analytical chemistry (GAC) requirements by implementing a natural or synthetic permeable and flexible fabric substrate to host a chemically coated sol–gel organic–inorganic hybrid sorbent in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This construction results in a versatile, fast, and sensitive micro-extraction device. The user-friendly FPSE membrane allows direct extraction of analytes with no sample modification, thus eliminating/minimizing the sample pre-treatment steps, which are not only time consuming, but are also considered the primary source of major analyte loss. Sol–gel sorbent-coated FPSE membranes possess high chemical, solvent, and thermal stability due to the strong covalent bonding between the fabric substrate and the sol–gel sorbent coating. Subsequent to the extraction on FPSE membrane, a wide range of organic solvents can be used in a small volume to exhaustively back-extract the analytes after FPSE process, leading to a high preconcentration factor. In most cases, no solvent evaporation and sample reconstitution are necessary. In addition to the extensive simplification of the sample preparation workflow, FPSE has also innovatively combined the extraction principle of two major, yet competing sample preparation techniques: solid phase extraction (SPE) with its characteristic exhaustive extraction, and solid phase microextraction (SPME) with its characteristic equilibrium driven extraction mechanism. Furthermore, FPSE has offered the most comprehensive cache of sorbent chemistry by successfully combining almost all of the sorbents traditionally used exclusively in either SPE or in SPME. FPSE is the first sample preparation technique to exploit the substrate surface chemistry that complements the overall selectivity and the extraction efficiency of the device. As such, FPSE indeed represents a paradigm shift approach in analytical/bioanalytical sample preparation. Furthermore, an FPSE membrane can be used as an SPME fiber or as an SPE disk for sample preparation, owing to its special geometric advantage. So far, FPSE has overwhelmingly attracted the interest of the separation scientist community, and many analytical scientists have been developing new methodologies by implementing this cutting-edge technique for the extraction and determination of many analytes at their trace and ultra-trace level concentrations in environmental samples as well as in food, pharmaceutical, and biological samples. FPSE offers a total sample preparation solution by providing neutral, cation exchanger, anion exchanger, mixed mode cation exchanger, mixed mode anion exchanger, zwitterionic, and mixed mode zwitterionic sorbents to deal with any analyte regardless of its polarity, ionic state, or the sample matrix where it resides. Herein we present the theoretical background, synthesis, mechanisms of extraction and desorption, the types of sorbents, and the main applications of FPSE so far according to different sample categories, and to briefly show the progress, advantages, and the main principles of the proposed technique.

Specifications for Hard Condensed Matter Specimens for Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Tomographies

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bleuet ◽  
G. Audoit ◽  
J.-P. Barnes ◽  
J. Bertheau ◽  
Y. Dabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanical Machining

AbstractTomography is a standard and invaluable technique that covers a large range of length scales. It gives access to the inner morphology of specimens and to the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of physical quantities such as elemental composition, crystalline phases, oxidation state, or strain. These data are necessary to determine the effective properties of investigated heterogeneous media. However, each tomographic technique relies on severe sampling conditions and physical principles that require the sample to be adequately shaped. For that purpose, a wide range of sample preparation techniques is used, including mechanical machining, polishing, sawing, ion milling, or chemical techniques. Here, we focus on the basics of tomography that justify such advanced sample preparation, before reviewing and illustrating the main techniques. Performances and limits are highlighted, and we identify the best preparation technique for a particular tomographic scale and application. The targeted tomography techniques include hard X-ray micro- and nanotomography, electron nanotomography, and atom probe tomography. The article mainly focuses on hard condensed matter, including porous materials, alloys, and microelectronics applications, but also includes, to a lesser extent, biological considerations.

scholarly journals Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Separations ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Zilfidou ◽  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
Kenneth Furton ◽  
Victoria Samanidou
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Hybrid Sorbent ◽  
Extraction Device ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Strong Covalent Bonding ◽  
Green Sample

Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a novel and green sample preparation technique introduced in 2014. FPSE utilizes a natural or synthetic permeable and flexible fabric substrate chemically coated with a sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent in the form of ultra-thin coating, which leads to a fast and sensitive micro-extraction device. The flexible FPSE requires no modification of samples and allows direct extraction of analytes. Sol-gel sorbent-coated FPSE media possesses high chemical, solvent, and thermal stability due to the strong covalent bonding between the substrate and the sol-gel sorbent. Therefore, any elution solvent can be used in a small volume, which achieves a high pre-concentration factor without requiring any solvent evaporation and sample reconstitution step. Taking into consideration the complexity of the samples and the need of further minimization and automation, some new, alternative modes of the FPSE have also been developed. Therefore, FPSE has attracted the interest of the scientific community that deals with sample pre-treatment and has been successfully applied for the extraction and determination of many analytes in environmental samples as well as in food and biological samples. The objective of the current review is to present and classify the applications of FPSE according to different sample categories and to briefly show the progress, advantages, and the main principles of the proposed technique.

Insular Books

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

This volume aims to rethink critical assumptions about a particular type of medieval manuscript: the miscellany. A miscellany is a multi-text manuscript, made up of mixed contents, often in a mixture of languages; such a volume might be the work of one compiler or several, and might have been put together over a short period of time or over many years (even over several generations). Such variety proves problematic when attempting to form critical judgements, particularly in terms of terminology and definitions. These issues are explored in the introduction, and the fifteen essays that follow discuss a great number of manuscript miscellanies produced in Britain in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. Some of the chapters offer new insights into very well-known miscellanies, whilst others draw attention to little-known volumes. Whilst previous studies of the miscellany have restricted themselves to disciplinary or linguistic boundaries, this collection uniquely draws on the expertise of specialists in the rich range of vernacular languages used in Britain in the later Middle Ages (Anglo-French, Middle English, Older Scots, Middle Welsh). As a result, illuminating comparisons are drawn between miscellany manuscripts that were the products of different geographical areas and cultures. Collectively the chapters in Insular Books explore the wide range of heterogeneous manuscripts that may be defined as miscellanies, and model approaches to their study that will permit a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the production of these assemblages, as well as their circulation and reception in their own age and beyond.

Between Iran and Zion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior B. Sternfeld
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Rich

Between Iran and Zion analyzes the responses of Iranian Jews to the social, political, and cultural developments of the twentieth century. The book examines their integration into the nation-building projects of the twentieth century (by the first and second Pahlavi monarchs, and then by the postrevolutionary Islamic Republic); it analyzes their various reactions to Zionism from the early twentieth century, through the state years, and until the end of that period; and it analyzes the social and cultural transformations this community underwent in a relatively short period of time, growing from marginal and peripheral community into a prominent and visible one. Between Iran and Zion examines the different groups that constituted this community—for example, the Jewish communists who became prominent activists in the left-wing circles in the 1950s, or the revolutionary organizations that won the community elections in 1978 and participated in the 1979 revolution. It also sheds light on a wide range of responses to Zionism: from religious Zionism in the early 1900s to political Zionism in the 1950s, and a combination of the two from the 1970s onward. Between Iran and Zion shows the rich ethnic, social, and ideological diversity of a religious minority in Iran amid rapid transformations.

Electrochemically Fabricated Solid Phase Microextraction Fibers and Their Applications in Food, Environmental and Clinical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Pelit ◽  
Füsun Pelit ◽  
Hasan Ertaş ◽  
Fatma Nil Ertaş
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Electrochemical Preparation ◽  
Wide Range

Background:Designing an analytical methodology for complicated matrices, such as biological and environmental samples, is difficult since the sample preparation procedure is the most demanding step affecting the whole analytical process. Nowadays, this step has become more challenging by the legislations and environmental concerns since it is a prerequisite to eliminate or minimize the use of hazardous substances in traditional procedures by replacing with green techniques suitable for the sample matrix.Methods:In addition to the matrix, the nature of the analyte also influence the ease of creating green analytical techniques. Recent developments in the chemical analysis provide us new methodologies introducing microextraction techniques and among them, solid phase microextraction (SPME) has emerged as a simple, fast, low cost, reliable and portable sample preparation technique that minimizes solvent consumption.Results:The use of home-made fibers is popular in the last two decades since the selectivity can be tuned by changing the surface characteristics through chemical and electrochemical modifications. Latter technique is preferred since the electroactive polymers can be coated onto the fiber under controlled electrochemical conditions and the film thicknesses can be adjusted by simply changing the deposition parameters. Thermal resistance and mechanical strength can be readily increased by incorporating different dopant ions into the polymeric structure and selectivity can be tuned by inserting functional groups and nanostructures. A vast number of analytes with wide range of polarities extracted by this means can be determined with a suitable chromatographic detector coupled to the system. Therefore, the main task is to improve the physicochemical properties of the fiber along with the extraction efficiency and selectivity towards the various analytes by adjusting the electrochemical preparation conditions.Conclusion:This review covers the fine tuning conditions practiced in electrochemical preparation of SPME fibers and in-tube systems and their applications in environmental, food and clinical analysis.

SEM evaluation of the TEM cold-stage double-film specimen

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Film Specimen

Seeing is believing, but only after the sample preparation technique has received a systematic study and a full record is made of the treatment the sample gets.For microstructured liquids and suspensions, fast-freeze thermal fixation and cold-stage microscopy is perhaps the least artifact-laden technique. In the double-film specimen preparation technique, a layer of liquid sample is trapped between 100- and 400-mesh polymer (polyimide, PI) coated grids. Blotting against filter paper drains excess liquid and provides a thin specimen, which is fast-frozen by plunging into liquid nitrogen. This frozen sandwich (Fig. 1) is mounted in a cooling holder and viewed in TEM.Though extremely promising for visualization of liquid microstructures, this double-film technique suffers from a) ireproducibility and nonuniformity of sample thickness, b) low yield of imageable grid squares and c) nonuniform spatial distribution of particulates, which results in fewer being imaged.

TEM study of boron additions to cobalt aluminide

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Feldewerth
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ordered Alloys ◽  
The University ◽  
Very High

In recent years an increasing emphasis has been placed on the study of high temperature intermetallic compounds for possible aerospace applications. One group of interest is the B2 aiuminides. This group of intermetaliics has a very high melting temperature, good high temperature, and excellent specific strength. These qualities make it a candidate for applications such as turbine engines. The B2 aiuminides exist over a wide range of compositions and also have a large solubility for third element substitutional additions, which may allow alloying additions to overcome their major drawback, their brittle nature.One B2 aluminide currently being studied is cobalt aluminide. Optical microscopy of CoAl alloys produced at the University of Missouri-Rolla showed a dramatic decrease in the grain size which affects the yield strength and flow stress of long range ordered alloys, and a change in the grain shape with the addition of 0.5 % boron.

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