scholarly journals Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Sensitizing Agents and Multidrug Resistance Revertants in Cancer Therapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Antonia Corsetto ◽  
Irma Colombo ◽  
Joanna Kopecka ◽  
Angela Maria Rizzo ◽  
Chiara Riganti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Acquired Drug Resistance ◽  
Long Chain

The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on sensitivity and intrinsic or acquired drug resistance of cancer cells. The n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) are considered chemosensitizing agents and revertants of multidrug resistance by pleiotropic mechanisms. The specific mechanisms are not fully understood, but nowadays, it is widely accepted that there are a complex network of mechanisms, including alteration in gene expression, modulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, induction of apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. A crucial mechanism in the control of cell drug uptake and efflux is related to n-3 LCPUFA influence on membrane lipid composition. The incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid in the lipid rafts produces significant changes in their physical-chemical properties affecting content and functions of transmembrane proteins, such as growth factors, receptors and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Of note, n-3 LCPUFAs often impact on the lipid compositions more in chemoresistant cells than in chemosensitive cells, suggesting their adjuvant role in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Lipid Indexes and Quality Evaluation of Omega-3 Rich Oil from the Waste of Japanese Spanish Mackerel Extracted by Supercritical CO2

Marine Drugs ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Vikash Chandra Roy ◽  
Jin-Seok Park ◽  
Truc Cong Ho ◽  
Byung-Soo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Spanish Mackerel ◽  
By Products

Japanese Spanish mackerel (JSM) (Scomberomorus niphonius) is a marine fish species containing health-beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In the present study, the quality of JSM by-products oils extracted by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and organic solvent extraction was compared in terms of physico-chemical properties of the oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the important polyunsaturated fatty acids present in SC-CO2-extracted skin and muscle oil 5.81 ± 0.69% and 4.93 ± 0.06%, respectively. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in SC-CO2-extracted skin and muscle oil was 12.56 ± 0.38% and 15.01 ± 0.28%, respectively. EPA and DHA are considered as important PUFAs for the development of brain function and the prevention of coronary heart diseases. Extracted oils showed considerable antioxidant activity. In the obtained oils, atherogenic index (AI) values varied from 0.72 to 0.93 and thrombogenic index (TI) ranged from 0.75 to 0.92, which is considered an acceptable level. Fatty acid composition, bio potentiality, thermogravimetric, and vitamin D analysis showed that oils extracted from JSM by-products can be a good source of oil for application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, the present research revealed the potentiality of green valorisation of S. niphonius by-products as a possible sustainable approach for targeting the era of zero waste.

scholarly journals Seawater Culture Increases Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N-3 LC-PUFA) Levels in Japanese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), Probably by Upregulating Elovl5

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1681
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Dong ◽  
Jianqiao Wang ◽  
Peng Ji ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
Shuyan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Freshwater Pond ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Japanese Sea Bass

The fatty acid compositions of the fish muscle and liver are substantially affected by rearing environment. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been thoroughly described. In this study, we investigated the effects of different culture patterns, i.e., marine cage culture and freshwater pond culture, on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in an aquaculturally important fish, the Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Fish were obtained from two commercial farms in the Guangdong province, one of which raises Japanese sea bass in freshwater, while the other cultures sea bass in marine cages. Fish were fed the same commercial diet. We found that omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) levels in the livers and muscles of the marine cage cultured fish were significantly higher than those in the livers and muscles of the freshwater pond cultured fish. Quantitative real-time PCRs indicated that fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) transcript abundance was significantly lower in the livers of the marine cage reared fish as compared to the freshwater pond reared fish, but that fatty acid elongase 5 (Elovl5) transcript abundance was significantly higher. Consistent with this, two of the 28 CpG loci in the FADS2 promoter region were heavily methylated in the marine cage cultured fish, but were only slightly methylated in freshwater pond cultured fish (n = 5 per group). Although the Elovl5 promoter was less methylated in the marine cage reared fish as compared to the freshwater pond reared fish, this difference was not significant. Thus, our results might indicate that Elovl5, not FADS2, plays an important role in the enhancing LC-PUFA synthesis in marine cage cultures.

scholarly journals Experimental reduction in dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids depresses sperm competitiveness

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 20140623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Clelia Gasparini ◽  
Giovanni M. Turchini ◽  
Jonathan P. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Long Chain

The health benefits of diets containing rich sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are well documented and include reductions in the risk of several diseases typical of Western societies. The dietary intake of n-3 LC-PUFA has also been linked to fertility, and there is abundant evidence that a range of ejaculate traits linked to fertility in humans, livestock and other animals depend on an adequate intake of n-3 LC-PUFA from dietary sources. However, relatively few studies have explored how n-3 LC-PUFA influence reproductive fitness, particularly in the context of sexual selection. Here, we show that experimental reduction in the level of n-3 LC-PUFA in the diet of guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) depresses a male's share of paternity when sperm compete for fertilization, confirming that the currently observed trend for reduced n-3 LC-PUFA in western diets has important implications for individual reproductive fitness.

scholarly journals Correction: Howe et al. “Effects of Long Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Brain Function in Mildly Hypertensive Older Adults” Nutrients 2018, 10, 1413

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Peter R. C. Howe ◽  
Hamish M. Evans ◽  
Julia C. Kuszewski ◽  
Rachel H. X. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Chain

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