Recent Advances in Applications of Acidophilic Fungal Microbes for Bio-Chemicals

Lignocellulosic feedstock (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) has been used for a variety of purposes. Among them, lignin can produce value-added chemicals having phenyl-propanoid subunits known as core lignin, possessing either C-C bonds or ether linkages. It can be depolymerized by microbial activity together with certain enzymes (laccases and peroxidases). Both acetic acid and formic acid production by certain fungi contribute significantly to lignin depolymerization. Natural organic acids production by fungi has many key roles in nature that are strictly dependent upon organic acid producing fungus type. Enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic is beneficial over other physiochemical processes. Laccases, the copper containing proteins oxidize a broad spectrum of inorganic as well as organic compounds but most specifically phenolic compounds by radical catalyzed mechanism. Similarly, lignin peroxidases (LiP), the heme containing proteins perform a vital part in oxidizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds with H2O2. Lignin depolymerization yields polyaromatics, the important ones are BTX (Benzene, Xylene and Toluene), found in several different configurations. However, most modern aromatics complexes enhance the production of p-xylene, benzene and sometimes o-xylene respectively. Thus, this review will provide a concept that chemical and biological modifications of lignin yield certain value added and environment friendly chemicals.

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Recent Advances in Applications of Acidophilic Fungal Microbes for Bio-Chemicals

10.20944/preprints201804.0204.v2 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rehman Javaid ◽

Aqsa Sabir ◽

Nadeem Sheikh ◽

Muhammad Ferhan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fibers ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Value Added ◽

Environmental Issue ◽

Enzymatic Conversion ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Phenyl Propanoid ◽

Lignin Peroxidases ◽

Lignin Depolymerization

The processing of fossil fuels is the major environmental issue today which should be lessen. Biomass is gaining much interest these days as an alternate to energy generation. Lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) is abundant and has been used for a variety of purposes. Among them, the lignin polymer having phenyl-propanoid subunits linked together through C-C bonds or ether linkages, can produce numerous chemicals. It can be depolymerized by microbial activity together with certain enzymes (laccases and peroxidases). Both acetic acid and formic acid production by certain fungi contribute significantly to lignin depolymerization. Natural organic acids production by fungi has many key roles in nature that are strictly dependent upon organic acid producing fungus type. Fungal enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic is beneficial over other physiochemical processes. Laccases, the copper containing proteins oxidize a broad spectrum of inorganic as well as organic compounds but most specifically phenolic compounds by radical catalyzed mechanism. Similarly, lignin peroxidases (LiP), the heme containing proteins perform a vital part in oxidizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds with H2O2. Lignin depolymerization yields value-added compounds, the important ones are BTX (Benzene, Xylene and Toluene) and phenols as well as certain polymers like polyurethane and carbon fibers. Thus, this review will provide a concept that biological modifications of lignin using acidophilic microbes can generate certain value added and environment friendly chemicals.

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Recent Advances in Applications of Acidophilic Fungi to Produce Chemicals

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040786 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 786 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rehman Javaid ◽

Aqsa Sabir ◽

Nadeem Sheikh ◽

Muhammad Ferhan

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Value Added ◽

Environmental Issue ◽

Phenyl Propanoid ◽

Biological Conversion ◽

Lignin Peroxidases ◽

Lignin Depolymerization

Processing of fossil fuels is the major environmental issue today. Biomass utilization for the production of chemicals presents an alternative to simple energy generation by burning. Lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) is abundant and has been used for variety of purposes. Among them, lignin polymer having phenyl-propanoid subunits linked together either through C-C bonds or ether linkages can produce chemicals. It can be depolymerized by fungi using their enzyme machinery (laccases and peroxidases). Both acetic acid and formic acid production by certain fungi contribute significantly to lignin depolymerization. Fungal natural organic acids production is thought to have many key roles in nature depending upon the type of fungi producing them. Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is beneficial over physiochemical processes. Laccases, copper containing proteins oxidize a broad spectrum of inorganic as well as organic compounds but most specifically phenolic compounds by radical catalyzed mechanism. Similarly, lignin peroxidases (LiP), heme containing proteins perform a vital part in oxidizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds with H2O2. Lignin depolymerization yields value-added compounds, the important ones are aromatics and phenols as well as certain polymers like polyurethane and carbon fibers. Thus, this review will provide a concept that biological modifications of lignin using acidophilic fungi can generate certain value added and environmentally friendly chemicals.

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Location of Biorefineries Based on Olive-Derived Biomass in Andalusia, Spain

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3052

Author(s):

Diego Cardoza ◽

Inmaculada Romero ◽

Teresa Martínez ◽

Encarnación Ruiz ◽

Francisco J. Gallego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Value Added ◽

Olive Tree ◽

Point Of View ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Olive Pomace ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽

Olive Stones

A biorefinery integrated process based on lignocellulosic feedstock is especially interesting in rural areas with a high density of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which is the case for olive crop areas and their associated industries. In the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville accumulate more than 70% of the olive wastes generated in Spain. Therefore, the valorisation of these wastes is a matter of interest from both an environmental and a social point of view. The olive biorefinery involves a multi-product process from different raw materials: olive leaves, exhausted olive pomace, olive stones and olive tree pruning residues. Biorefinery processes associated with these wastes would allow their valorisation to produce bioenergy and high value-added renewable products. In this work, using geographic information system tools, the biomass from olive crop fields, mills and olive pomace-extracting industries, where these wastes are generated, was determined and quantified in the study area. In addition, the vulnerability of the territory was evaluated through an environmental and territorial analysis that allowed for the determination of the reception capacity of the study area. Then, information layers corresponding to the availability of the four biomass wastes, and layers corresponding to the environmental fragility of the study area were overlapped and they resulted in an overall map. This made it possible to identify the best areas for the implementation of the biorefineries based on olive-derived biomass. Finally, as an example, three zones were selected for this purpose. These locations corresponded to low fragility areas with a high availability of biomass (more than 300,000 tons/year) in a 30 km radius, which would ensure the biomass supply.

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Valorization of secondary feedstocks from the agroindustry by selective catalytic oxidation to formic and acetic acid using the OxFA process

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01854-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Ponce ◽

Stefanie Wesinger ◽

Daniela Ona ◽

Daniela Almeida Streitwieser ◽

Jakob Albert

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Reaction System ◽

Value Added ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gaseous Oxygen ◽

Water As Solvent ◽

Selective Catalytic Oxidation ◽

Major Interest

AbstractThe selective oxidative conversion of seven representative fully characterized biomasses recovered as secondary feedstocks from the agroindustry is reported. The reaction system, known as the “OxFA process,” involves a homogeneous polyoxometalate catalyst (H8PV5Mo7O40), gaseous oxygen, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and water as solvent. It took place at 20 bar and 90 °C and transformed agro-industrial wastes, such as coffee husks, cocoa husks, palm rachis, fiber and nuts, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husks into biogenic formic acid, acetic acid, and CO2 as sole products. Even though all samples were transformed; remarkably, the reaction obtains up to 64, and 55% combined yield of formic and acetic acid for coffee and cocoa husks as raw material within 24 h, respectively. In addition to the role of the catalysts and additive for promoting the reaction, the influence of biomass components (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) into biogenic formic acid formation has been also demonstrated. Thus, these results are of major interest for the application of novel oxidation techniques under real recovered biomass for producing value-added products. Graphical abstract

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Catalytic valorization of hardwood for enhanced xylose-hydrolysate recovery and cellulose enzymatic efficiency via synergistic effect of Fe3+ and acetic acid

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-019-1587-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kaixuan Huang ◽

Lalitendu Das ◽

Jianming Guo ◽

Yong Xu

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Enzymatic Saccharification ◽

Value Added ◽

Lewis Acid Site ◽

Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽

Xylan Degradation ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background Poplars are considered suitable dedicated energy crops, with abundant cellulose and hemicellulose, and huge surplus biomass potential in China. Xylan, the major hemicellulosic component, contributes to the structural stability of wood and represents a tremendous quantity of biobased chemicals for fuel production. Monomeric xylose conversion to value-added chemicals such as furfural, xylitol, and xylonic acid could greatly improve the economics of pulp-paper industry and biorefinery. Acetic acid (HAc) is used as a friendly and recyclable selective catalyst amenable to xylan degradation and xylooligosaccharides production from lignocellulosic materials. However, HAc catalyst usually works much feebly at inert woods than agricultural straws. In this study, effects of different iron species in HAc media on poplar xylan degradation were systematically compared, and a preferable Fe3+-assisted HAc hydrolysis process was proposed for comparable xylose-hydrolysate recovery (XHR) and enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. Results In presence of 6.5% HAc with 0.17–0.25 wt% Fe3+, xylose yield ranged between 72.5 and 73.9%. Additionally, pretreatment was effective in poplar delignification, with a lignin yield falling between 38.6 and 42.5%. Under similar conditions, saccharification efficiency varied between 60.3 and 65.9%. Starting with 100 g poplar biomass, a total amount of 12.7–12.8 g of xylose and 18.8–22.8 g of glucose were harvested from liquid streams during the whole process of Fe3+-HAc hydrolysis coupled with enzymatic saccharification. Furthermore, the enhancement mechanism of Fe3+ coupled with HAc was investigated after proof-of-concept experiments. Beechwood xylan and xylose were treated under the same condition as poplar sawdust fractionation, giving understanding of the effect of catalysts on the hydrolysis pathway from wood xylan to xylose and furfural by Fe3+-HAc. Conclusions The Fe3+-assisted HAc hydrolysis process was demonstrated as an effective approach to the wood xylose and other monosaccharides production. Synergistic effect of Lewis acid site and aqueous acetic acid provided a promising strategy for catalytic valorization of poplar biomass.

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ChemInform Abstract: METAL ION OXIDATION. 6. OXIDATIVE ACETOXYLATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS BY SILVER(II) COMPLEXES IN ACETIC ACID

Chemischer Informationsdienst ◽

10.1002/chin.197845158 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 9 (45) ◽

Author(s):

K. NYBERG ◽

L. G. WISTRAND

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Oxidative Acetoxylation

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Optimization of H2 Production through Minimization of CO2 Emissions by Mixed Cultures of Purple Phototrophic Bacteria in Aqueous Samples

Water ◽

10.3390/w12072015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2015

Author(s):

I.A. Vasiliadou ◽

J.A. Melero ◽

R. Molina ◽

D. Puyol ◽

F. Martinez

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Value Added ◽

H2 Production ◽

Phototrophic Bacteria ◽

Mixed Cultures ◽

Production Of Hydrogen

One of the current challenges in the treatment of wastewater is the recovery and/or transformation of their resources into high value-added products, such as biohydrogen. The aim of the present study was to optimize the production of hydrogen by mixed cultures of purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB), targeting in low CO2 emission. Batch assays were conducted using different carbon (malic, butyric, acetic acid) and nitrogen (NH4Cl, Na-glutamate, N2 gas) sources by varying the chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio (COD:N 100:3 to 100:44), under infrared radiation as sole energy source. Malate-glutamate (COD:N 100:5.5) and malate-NH4-N (COD:N 100:3) fed cultures, exhibited high H2 production rates of 2.3 and 2.5 mLH2/Lh, respectively. It was observed that the use of glutamate decreased the CO2 emission by 74% (13.4 mLCO2/L) as compared to NH4-N. The H2 production efficiency achieved by organic carbon substrates in combination with glutamate, was in the order of malic (370 mLH2/L) > butyric (145 mLH2/L) > acetic acid (95 mLH2/L). These substrates entailed partitioning of reducing power into biomass at 64%, 50% and 48%, respectively, whereas reductants were derived to biohydrogen at 5.8%, 6.1% and 2.1%, respectively. These results suggest that nitrogen source and carbon dioxide emissions play an important role in the optimization of hydrogen production by PPB.

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Zum stoffwechsel von aromaten, II. über die muconsäurespaltung von einfachen o-diphenolen / on the metabolism of aromatic compounds, ii * the muconic acid scission of simple o-diphenols

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1973-11-1206 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 28 (11-12) ◽

pp. 662-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Günther Schulz ◽

Erich Hecker

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Peracetic Acid ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Time Course ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Uv Light ◽

Steric Effects ◽

Muconic Acid

Abstract The preparation of substituted cis,cis-muconic acids by oxidative ring scission of simple o-di-phenols with peracetic acid is investigated. Scission of pyrocatechol (1) to cis,cis-muconic acid (2) gives optimal yields, if acetic acid or ethyl acetate is used as solvent and if the solution is 15-20% with respect to sulfuric acid free peracetic acid comprising a one molar excess of oxidant. Under similar conditions, 3-tosylamino-pyrocatechol yields with peracetic acid the hitherto unknown α-tosylamino-cis,cis-muconic caid (18). 18 may be converted to α-tosylamino-traras,trans-muconic acid (19) by means of iodine, UV light or heating. From protocatechuic acid (4) under similar conditions not β-carboxy-cis,cis-muconic acid (5) is obtained, but rather β-carboxy-mucono-lactone (6 b, γ-carboxymethyl-β-carboxy-Δα-butenolide). As yet, this lactone has been accessible only from an isomer of β-carboxy-cis,cis-muconic acid, the latter being obtainable by enzymatic scission of protocatechuic acid (4). Steric effects are responsible for both, the formation of the free cis,cis-muconic acids 2 and 18 from pyrocatechol (1) and α-tosylamino-pyrocatechol, and the formation of the γ-lactone 6 b instead of β -carboxy-cis,cis-muconic acid by scission of protocatechuic acid (4). The time course of the reactions shows that - compared to pyrocatechol (1) - a 3-tosylamino-group enhances the peracetic acid scission, whereas a 4-carboxygroup as in 4 slows it down

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