scholarly journals The Impact of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project on Rural Sustainability in Korea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehee Hwang ◽  
Jonghoon Park ◽  
Seongwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact

An imperative challenge emerges from the demand to construct a scientific method to recent agricultural and rural policies throughout the world. The objective of the present study is to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project, a representative rural development project operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, a central government agency in South Korea. The primary purpose of the project is to ensure sustainable rural society. This study found a moderate but significant positive impact of the policy in enhancing the standard of living in rural areas. The present study concludes with suggesting some policy implications and future directions of policy evaluation studies.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program on Rural Sustainability in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehee Hwang ◽  
Jonghoon Park ◽  
Seongwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact

An imperative challenge emerges from the demand to apply the scientific method in the assessment of recent agricultural and rural policies throughout the world. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program (CRVDP), a representative rural development policy operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, a central government agency in South Korea. The primary purpose of this program is to ensure sustainable rural society. This study found a moderate but significant positive impact of the policy in enhancing the standard of living in rural areas. The present paper concludes with suggesting some policy implications, limitations and future directions of policy evaluation studies.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program on Farm Income in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6877
Author(s):  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Jonghoon Park ◽  
Seongwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Faced with an aging and declining population, many governments around the world endeavor to revitalize their rural communities in a sustainable manner. In South Korea, the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program (CRVDP) was carried out from 2004 to 2013 as a key strategy to reinvigorate rural areas. This study aims to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the CRVDP in boosting rural households’ farm income. In doing so, the present study adopts quasi-experimental research design that is seldom utilized in assessing rural policies. As an alternative evaluation tool with flexibility for using readily available data, the study employed the combined application of the Heckman selection model and the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method. The study revealed a significant positive impact of the Program on farm income of rural households in the program-supported areas from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. A robust causal estimation of the impact of this bottom-up, multi-sectoral rural development program on farm income is achieved, which can be leveraged to widely promote similar type of rural development approach.

The Impact of the Business Environment on the Formalization of Informal Firms. The Case of Kosovo

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-529
Author(s):  
Kujtim Zylfijaj ◽  
Dimitar Nikoloski ◽  
Nadine Tournois
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe research presented here investigates the impact of the business environment on the formalization of informal firms, using firm-level data for 243 informal firms in Kosovo. The findings indicate that business-environment variables such as limited access to financing, the cost of financing, the unavailability of subsidies, tax rates, and corruption have a significant negative impact on the formalization of informal firms. In addition, firm-level characteristics analysis suggests that the age of the firm also exercises a significant negative impact, whereas sales volume exerts a significant positive impact on the formalization of informal firms. These findings have important policy implications and suggest that the abolition of barriers preventing access to financing, as well as tax reforms and a consistent struggle against corruption may have a positive influence on the formalization of informal firms. On the other hand, firm owners should consider formalization to be a means to help them have greater opportunities for survival and growth.

Mediating Role of Interpersonal Interactions Between Chinese Farmers' Social Networks and their Subjective Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Yu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
The Impact

As more than half the population of China lives in rural areas, farmers' subjective well-being is important to the maintenance of socialism in the countryside and the Chinese people's target of comprehensively building a prosperous society. Using data collected in the 2012 Chinese General Social Survey, we built a regression model to examine the impact of farmers' social networks on their subjective well-being, and the mediating effect of their interpersonal interactions on this relationship. Results showed that farmers' social networks had a positive impact on their overall subjective well-being, which was, in turn, mediated by their interpersonal interactions. Farmers with well-developed social networks tended to have effective interpersonal interactions that satisfied their social psychological needs and enhanced their subjective well-being. Our findings provide a valuable reference for enhancing the subjective well-being of farmers in China.

scholarly journals How Successful Was the New Deal? The Microeconomic Impact of New Deal Spending and Lending Policies in the 1930s

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1435-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Price Fishback
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The New Deal

The New Deal during the 1930s was arguably the largest peace-time expansion in federal government activity in American history. Until recently, there had been very little quantitative testing of the microeconomic impact of the wide variety of New Deal programs. Over the past decade scholars have developed new panel databases for counties, cities, and states and then used panel data methods on them to examine the impact of New Deal spending and lending policies for the major New Deal programs. In most cases, the identification of the effect comes from changes across time within the same geographic location after controlling for national shocks to the economy. Many of the studies also use instrumental variable methods to control for endogeneity. The studies find that public works and relief spending had state income multipliers of around one, increased consumption activity, attracted internal migration, reduced crime rates, and lowered several types of mortality. The farm programs typically aided large farm owners but eliminated opportunities for share croppers, tenants, and farm workers. The Home Owners' Loan Corporation's purchases and refinancing of troubled mortgages staved off drops in housing prices and home ownership rates at relatively low ex post cost to taxpayers. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation's loans to banks and railroads appear to have had little positive impact, although the banks were aided when the RFC took ownership stakes. (JEL D72, E61, L52, N41, N42)

Sustainability and competitive advantage from a developing economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amoako Kwarteng ◽  
Samuel Ato Dadzie ◽  
Samuel Famiyeh
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of sustainability as measured by the triple bottom line constructs on the competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach To understand the impact of sustainability on competitive advantage, a survey was conducted where managers were asked about their engagement in the sustainability issues and how it affects their competitive advantage. The study uses the structural equation modelling (SEM) and, in particular, the partial least square (PLS) approaches to SEM. Findings The results of this study indicate that economic and social have a positive impact on the corporate image but not the environment. In addition, corporate image and social have positive impact on corporate performance, whilst economic and environment seem not to have any impact on corporate performance. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to only manufacturing firms operating in the Ghanaian environment. It is important, therefore, for firms in Ghana to invest in social sustainability initiatives, as it will ultimately affect their bottom line performance. This study provides policy implications to Ghana and other developing countries to implement the necessary policies and provide incentives to improve environmental awareness. Originality/value There have been just a few studies that tried to find out the impact of sustainability constructs and performance and how corporate image mediates this relationship.

The Impact of Local Government Organization on Development and Disparities — A Comparative Perspective

10.1068/c9865 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Razin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Impact

Results of the comparative study presented in this paper suggests that local government organization influences land-use planning, and local development strategies and disparities. Local government reforms can, therefore, serve to modify spatial patterns of development and disparities. Based on a review of studies made in the developed and the developing world, the author provides a comparative perspective on these influences. Five major dimensions of local government organization—territorial, functional, political autonomy, fiscal, and electoral—are used to define four extreme models of local government. The American self-government model leads to substantial inequalities and to considerable sprawl. The Western welfare-state model alleviates these problems somewhat, but at a cost to central government. Its positive impact is also dependent on norms of administration at the central level, whereas reduced competition over economic development has its negative sides. Developing-world-type centralism has no real advantages in terms of development or disparities. The developing-world decentralized model can be regarded as a transitional phase towards either the self-government or the welfare-state models. Its implementation has been partial; hence its impact has, so far, been rather small.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Assess the Quantitative Impact of Institutions on Economic Growth and Economic Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Mariusz Próchniak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aims at assessing to what extent institutional environment is responsible for worldwide differences in economic growth and economic development. To answer this question, we use an innovative approach based on a new concept of the institutions-augmented Solow model which is then estimated empirically using regression equations. The analysis covers 180 countries during the 1993-2012 period. The empirical analysis confirms a large positive impact of the quality of institutional environment on the level of economic development. The positive link has been evidenced for all five institutional indicators: two indices of economic freedom (Heritage Foundation and Fraser Institute), the governance indicator (World Bank), the democracy index (Freedom House), and the EBRD transition indicator for post-socialist countries. Differences in physical capital, human capital, and institutional environment explain about 70-75% of the worldwide differences in economic development. The institutions-augmented Solow model, however, performs slightly poorer in explaining differences in the rates of economic growth: only one institutional variable (index of economic freedom) has a statistically significant impact on economic growth. In terms of originality, this paper extends the theoretical analysis of the Solow model by including institutions, on the one hand, and shows a comprehensive empirical analysis of the impact of various institutional indicators on both the level of development and the pace of economic growth, on the other. The results bring important policy implications.

scholarly journals Does Farmland Size Affect the Collective Action in Rural Areas? An Empirical Study on the Public Irrigation System in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Liangzhen Zang ◽  
Yiqing Su
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Land Circulation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Impact

Since smallholders accounted for a high proportion of 98.1% among the 207 million agricultural business households across China, it is particularly important to study the impact of farmland size on the provision of public goods attached to the public sector industries from the perspective of the irrigation collective action in rural areas. Based on the survey data of 283 villages in China, this paper finds that the farmland size has a positive impact on irrigation collective action, although the average of per capita farmland area is only 0.214 hectares in each household of China. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the farmland scale operation by land circulation, so as to improve the ability of collective action and the development of public sector industries in rural areas of China.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Nexus between Access to Electricity, Firm Size and SME’s Performance in Bangladesh: New Evidence Using PSM

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6493
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abir Shahid Chowdhury ◽  
Shuai Chuanmin ◽  
Marcela Sokolová ◽  
ABM Munibur Rahman ◽  
Ahsan Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Electricity Access ◽  
The Impact

Uninterrupted availability of energy and power resources is essential for the productivity and smooth functioning of an enterprise. However, constrained by financial resources, smaller firms in developing economies face a plethora of challenges concerning the access to electricity. However, less attention has been paid in the extant literature to explore this phenomenon. The present study investigates the impact of access to electricity on labor productivity in Bangladesh in the presence of electricity constraints, electricity obstacles, and SME firm size. It employs the OLS regression and propensity score matching (PSM) technique for treatment effect to deal with the selection bias and endogeneity issue using the World Bank Enterprise Survey’s cross-sectional firm-level data for 3196 sample firms over the period of 2007–2013. The results provide evidence in support of SMEs’ labor productivity in response to electricity access. Lack of electricity access was partially found to affect SMEs’ labor productivity significantly negatively. Further, the results show a positive impact of firm size on firm performance. However, results from this model appear that constrained SMEs’ access to electricity has a negative relationship with firm performance. The article then suggests several policy implications on changing government regulations regarding the efficient use of renewable energy resources to enhance electricity generation for optimized SME performance and sustainable economic development in Bangladesh.

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