scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Appetite-Related Hormones: the Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex and Habitual Physical Activity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dorling ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Stephen Burns ◽  
David Clayton ◽  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Hormone Responses

Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on appetite, whilst limited evidence suggests that exercise training may modify subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in directions associated with enhanced meal-induced satiety. However, large variability in responses exists between individuals. This article reviews the evidence relating to how adiposity, sex and habitual physical activity modulate exercise-induced appetite, energy intake and appetite-related hormone responses. The balance of evidence suggests that adiposity and sex do not modify appetite or energy intake responses to acute or chronic exercise interventions, but individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may better adjust energy intake in response to energy balance perturbations. The effect of these individual characteristics and behaviours on appetite-related hormone responses to exercise remains equivocal. These findings support the continued promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing short-term energy deficits irrespective of adiposity and sex, as well as the ability of exercise to positively influence energy balance over the longer term. Future well-controlled studies are required to further ascertain potential mediators of appetite responses to exercise.

scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Appetite-Related Hormones: The Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex, and Habitual Physical Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dorling ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Stephen Burns ◽  
David Clayton ◽  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Hormone Responses

Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on appetite, whilst limited evidence suggests that exercise training may modify subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in directions associated with enhanced meal-induced satiety. However, a large variability in responses exists between individuals. This article reviews the evidence relating to how adiposity, sex, and habitual physical activity modulate exercise-induced appetite, energy intake, and appetite-related hormone responses. The balance of evidence suggests that adiposity and sex do not modify appetite or energy intake responses to acute or chronic exercise interventions, but individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may better adjust energy intake in response to energy balance perturbations. The effect of these individual characteristics and behaviours on appetite-related hormone responses to exercise remains equivocal. These findings support the continued promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing short-term energy deficits irrespective of adiposity and sex, as well as the ability of exercise to positively influence energy balance over the longer term. Future well-controlled studies are required to further ascertain the potential mediators of appetite responses to exercise.

Habitual physical activity differentially affects acute and short-term energy intake regulation in young and older adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Van Walleghen ◽  
J S Orr ◽  
C L Gentile ◽  
K P Davy ◽  
B M Davy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Intake Regulation

scholarly journals Twenty-Four-Hour Leptin Levels Respond to Cumulative Short-Term Energy Imbalance and Predict Subsequent Intake1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 2685-2691
Author(s):  
Catherine Chin-Chance ◽  
Kenneth S. Polonsky ◽  
Dale A. Schoeller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Leptin plays a vital role in the regulation of energy balance in rodent models of obesity. However, less information is available about its homeostatic role in humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether leptin serves as an indicator of short-term energy balance by measuring acute effects of small manipulations in energy intake on leptin levels in normal individuals. The 12-day study was composed of four consecutive dietary-treatment periods of 3 days each. Baseline (BASE) [100% total energy expenditure (TEE)] feeding, followed by random crossover periods of overfeeding (130% TEE) or underfeeding (70% TEE) separated by a eucaloric (100% TEE) washout (WASH) period. The study participants were six healthy, nonobese subjects. Leptin levels serially measured throughout the study period allowed a daily profile for each treatment period to be constructed and a 24-h average to be calculated; ad libitum intake during breakfast“ buffet” following each treatment period was also measured. Average changes in mesor leptin levels during WASH, which were sensitive to energy balance effected during the prior period, were observed. After underfeeding, leptin levels during WASH were 88 ± 16% of those during BASE compared with 135 ± 22% following overfeeding (P = 0.03). Leptin levels did not return to BASE during WASH when intake returned to 100% TEE, but instead were restored (104 ± 21% and 106 ± 16%; not significant) only after subjects crossed-over to complementary dietary treatment that restored cumulative energy balance. Changes in ad libitum intake from BASE correlated with changes in leptin levels (r2 = 0.40; P = 0.01). Leptin levels are acutely responsive to modest changes in energy balance. Because leptin levels returned to BASE only after completion of a complementary feeding period and restoration of cumulative energy balance, leptin levels reflect short-term cumulative energy balance. Leptin seems to maintain cumulative energy balance by modulating energy intake.

Effect of short-duration physical activity and ventilation threshold on subjective appetite and short-term energy intake in boys

Appetite ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
Robert C. Goode ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ventilation Threshold ◽  
Term Energy

Effects of Exercise Interventions on Habitual Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bar-Haim ◽  
Ronit Aviram ◽  
Anat Shkedy Rabani ◽  
Akram Amro ◽  
Ibtisam Nammourah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Progressive Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Progressive Resistance

Purpose:Exercise interventions have been shown to increase motor capacities in adolescents with cerebral palsy; however, how they affect habitual physical activity (HPA) and sedentary behavior is unclear. The main objective was to correlate changes in HPA with changes in mobility capacity following exercise interventions.Methods:A total of 54 participants (aged 12–20 y) with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II and III received 4 months of group progressive resistance training or treadmill training. Mobility measurements and HPA (averaged over 96 h) were made before and after interventions.Results:Averaged baseline mobility and HPA measures and improvements in each after both interventions were positively correlated in all participants. Percentage of sedentary/awake time decreased 2%, with significant increases in HPA measures of step count (16%), walk time (14%), and upright time (9%). Mobility measures and HPA changes were quite similar between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels, but improvement in HPA after group progressive resistance training was greater than after treadmill training (12% vs 4%) and correlated with mobility improvement.Conclusions:Mobility capacity improved after these interventions and was clearly associated with improved HPA. The group progressive resistance training intervention seems preferable to improve HPA, perhaps related to greater social interaction and motivation provided by group training.

Lack of Effect of Exercise Time of Day on Acute Energy Intake in Healthy Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriona J.M O’Donoghue ◽  
Paul A. Fournier ◽  
Kym J. Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

Although the manipulation of exercise and dietary intake to achieve successful weight loss has been extensively studied, it is unclear how the time of day that exercise is performed may affect subsequent energy intake. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of an acute bout of exercise performed in the morning compared with an equivalent bout of exercise performed in the afternoon on short-term energy intake. Nine healthy male participants completed 3 trials: morning exercise (AM), afternoon exercise (PM), or control (no exercise; CON) in a randomized counterbalanced design. Exercise consisted of 45 min of treadmill running at 75% VO2peak. Energy intake was assessed over a 26-hr period with the participants eating ad libitum from a standard assortment of food items of known quantity and composition. There was no significant difference in overall energy intake (M ± SD; CON 23,505 ± 6,938 kJ, AM 24,957 ± 5,607 kJ, PM 24,560 ± 5,988 kJ; p = .590) or macronutrient preferences during the 26-hr period examined between trials. Likewise, no differences in energy intake or macronutrient preferences were observed at any of the specific individual meal periods examined (i.e., breakfast, lunch, dinner) between trials. These results suggest that the time of day that exercise is performed does not significantly affect short-term energy intake in healthy men.

Energy Balance and Energy Availability During a Selection Course for Belgian Paratroopers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mullie ◽  
Pieter Maes ◽  
Laurens van Veelen ◽  
Damien Van Tiggelen ◽  
Peter Clarys
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rest Metabolic Rate ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Availability

ABSTRACT Introduction Adequate energy supply is a prerequisite for optimal performances and recovery. The aims of the present study were to estimate energy balance and energy availability during a selection course for Belgian paratroopers. Methods Energy expenditure by physical activity was measured with accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA) and rest metabolic rate in Cal.d−1 with Tinsley et al.’s equation based on fat-free mass = 25.9 × fat-free mass in kg + 284. Participants had only access to the French individual combat rations of 3,600 Cal.d−1, and body fat mass was measured with quadripolar impedance (Omron BF508, Omron, Osaka, Japan). Energy availability was calculated by the formula: ([energy intake in foods and beverages] − [energy expenditure physical activity])/kg FFM−1.d−1, with FFM = fat-free mass. Results Mean (SD) age of the 35 participants was 25.1 (4.18) years, and mean (SD) percentage fat mass was 12.0% (3.82). Mean (SD) total energy expenditure, i.e., the sum of rest metabolic rate, dietary-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity, was 5,262 Cal.d−1 (621.2), with percentile 25 at 4,791 Cal.d−1 and percentile 75 at 5,647 Cal.d−1, a difference of 856 Cal.d−1. Mean daily energy intake was 3,600 Cal.d−1, giving a negative energy balance of 1,662 (621.2) Cal.d−1. Mean energy availability was 9.3 Cal.kg FFM−1.d−1. Eleven of the 35 participants performed with a negative energy balance of 2,000 Cal.d−1, and only five participants out of 35 participants performed at a less than 1,000 Cal.d−1 negative energy balance level. Conclusions Energy intake is not optimal as indicated by the negative energy balance and the low energy availability, which means that the participants to this selection course had to perform in suboptimal conditions.

scholarly journals Total energy expenditure assessed by salivary doubly labelled water analysis and its relevance for short-term energy balance in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Guidotti ◽  
Berthe M. A. A. A. Verstappen-Dumoulin ◽  
Henk G. Jansen ◽  
Anita T. Aerts-Bijma ◽  
André A. van Vliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Water Analysis ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Term Energy

Effect of short-term energy intake level and exercise on oxygen consumption in men

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hickson ◽  
G. H. Hartung ◽  
T. D. Pate ◽  
S. C. Kendall ◽  
J. C. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Term Energy
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