scholarly journals Relationship between the Size and Inner Structure of AM Powder Particles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Opatová ◽  
Ivana Zetková ◽  
Ludmila Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Metallographic Observation ◽  
Powder Particles

Additive manufacturing (AM) is today’s buzzword—and not only in commercial production. One of the AM techniques produces 3D objects with complex geometry using a laser beam. The relationship between the morphology of individual powder particles and the printing process has not been adequately documented yet. This article presents a detailed microscopic analysis of virgin and reused powder particles of maraging steel. Metallographic observation was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Detailed analyses of individual particles were carried out using SEM with a focused ion beam (FIB) milling capability. Analyses of elemental distribution and phase distribution were performed using EDS and EBSD, respectively. The findings have led to a better understanding and prediction of defects in additive-manufactured products.

3D Observation of Elemental Distribution of Si-Device using a Dedicated FIB/STEM System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yaguchi ◽  
M. Konno ◽  
T. Kamino ◽  
M. Ogasawara ◽  
K. Kaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sample Rotation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Elemental Maps

Abstract A technique for preparation of a pillar shaped sample and its multi-directional observation of the sample using a focused ion beam (FIB) / scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) system has been developed. The system employs an FIB/STEM compatible sample rotation holder with a specially designed rotation mechanism, which allows the sample to be rotated 360 degrees [1-3]. This technique was used for the three dimensional (3D) elemental mapping of a contact plug of a Si device in 90 nm technology. A specimen containing a contact plug was shaped to a pillar sample with a cross section of 200 nm x 200 nm and a 5 um length. Elemental analysis was performed with a 200 kV HD-2300 STEM equipped with the EDAX genesis Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) system. Spectrum imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) [4, 5] was used to enhance the weak X-ray signals of the doped area, which contain a low concentration of As-K. The distributions of elements, especially the dopant As, were successfully enhanced by MSA. The elemental maps were .. reconstructed from the maps.

Cross-sectional microanalysis for tracking the effect of solvent on the morphological evaluation of PLA/AgNWs bionanocomposties

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110230
Author(s):  
Meltem Sezen ◽  
Busra Tugba Camic
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional

The emphasis of biocompatible polymer applications in medical sciences and biotechnology has remarkably increased. Developing new low-cost, low-toxicity and lightweight composite forms of biopolymers has become even more attractive since the addition of new species into polymer matrices assist to improve biomedical activities of such materials to a higher extend. Developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology recently contribute to controlled fabrication and ultraprecise diagnosis of such materials. This study concerns the observation of solution processing effects in the fabrication of porous PLA/AGNWs bionanocomposite coatings using electron and ion processing based serial cross-sectioning and high-resolution imaging. The nanostructuring and characterization were both performed in a focused ion-beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) platform. HR-SEM imaging was conducted on-site to track solvent based morphological property alterations of PLA and PLA/AgNWs structures. Simultaneous SEM-EDS analyses revealed the elemental distribution and the chemical composition along the cross-sectioned regions of the samples. Accordingly, it was observed that, in case of acetone dissolved materials, both pristine PLA and PLA/AgNWs samples sustained their foamy structure. When chloroform was used as the solvent, the porosity of the polymer matrices was less and the resulting structure was found to be denser than samples dissolved in acetone with a lower surface area ratio inside the material. This can be attributed to the rapid volatilization of acetone compared to chloroform, and hence the formation of interconnected pore network. For both nanocomposite biopolymers dissolved in acetone and chloroform, silver nanowires were homogeneously distributed throughout PLA matrices.

scholarly journals High-precision targeting workflow for volume electron microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Ronchi ◽  
Giulia Mizzon ◽  
Pedro Machado ◽  
Edoardo D’Imprima ◽  
Benedikt T. Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Scanning Em ◽  
Automated Data Acquisition ◽  
Volume Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volume Em

Cells are 3D objects. Therefore, volume EM (vEM) is often crucial for correct interpretation of ultrastructural data. Today, scanning EM (SEM) methods such as focused ion beam (FIB)–SEM are frequently used for vEM analyses. While they allow automated data acquisition, precise targeting of volumes of interest within a large sample remains challenging. Here, we provide a workflow to target FIB-SEM acquisition of fluorescently labeled cells or subcellular structures with micrometer precision. The strategy relies on fluorescence preservation during sample preparation and targeted trimming guided by confocal maps of the fluorescence signal in the resin block. Laser branding is used to create landmarks on the block surface to position the FIB-SEM acquisition. Using this method, we acquired volumes of specific single cells within large tissues such as 3D cultures of mouse mammary gland organoids, tracheal terminal cells in Drosophila melanogaster larvae, and ovarian follicular cells in adult Drosophila, discovering ultrastructural details that could not be appreciated before.

scholarly journals Occurrence of structural aluminum (Al) in marine diatom biological silica: Visible evidence from microscopic analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Tian ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Peng Yuan ◽  
Mengyuan Li ◽  
Weifeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycle ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Living Diatoms

Abstract. The global marine biogeochemical cycle of aluminum (Al) is believed to be driven by marine diatoms, due to the uptake of dissolved Al (DAl) by living diatoms from surface seawater. The occurrence of Al in diatom biogenic silica (BSi) can inhibit the dissolution of BSi, thus benefiting the effects of the ballast role of diatoms in the biological pump and forming a coupled Si-Al biogeochemical cycle. However, the occurrence mechanism of Al in marine diatoms is still unclear. In particular, whether or not Al is incorporated into the structure of BSi of living diatoms is unrevealed, resulting in difficulties in understanding the biogeochemical behaviors of Al. In this study, Thalassiosira weissflogii, a widely distributed marine diatom in marginal seas, was selected as the model to evaluate the occurrence of structural Al in BSi based on culturing experiments with the addition of DAl. The structural Al in BSi was detected by combining focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis. Direct evidence of structural Al in living BSi was obtained for the first time. The distribution and content of this Al were revealed by the EDS-mapping analysis. The structural Al in the BSi exhibited a homogeneous distribution, and the average Al / Si atomic ratio obtained through the FIB-EDS mapping analysis was 0.011. The effects of structural Al on BSi dissolution-inhibition are discussed based on the content of this Al. The fundamental results indicate the significant contribution of marine diatoms to the biogeochemical migration of marine Al.

scholarly journals Internal Structure of Asian Dust Particles over the Western North Pacific: Analyses Using Focused Ion Beam and Transmission Electron Microscopy

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayako Ueda ◽  
Yusuke Miki ◽  
Hiroki Kato ◽  
Kazuhiko Miura ◽  
Hiroyasu Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Transmission Electron

Mineral dust aerosols, which comprise multiple mineral species, are transported far from their source desert areas to the open ocean. After an Asian dust outflow event was observed over a marine boundary layer in the western North Pacific on February 29, 2012 on research vessel (R/V) Hakuho Maru, two dust particles of about 6 μm diameter were analyzed. First, they were sliced by using a focused ion beam (FIB). Their mineralogical structures and the elemental distribution of their cross-sections were subsequently analyzed with the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X ray spectrometry (EDS). These analyses revealed that the dust particles consisted mainly of calcite and silica. Furthermore, Fe-containing domains were found in the submicrometer area surrounded by calcite and silica. A sulfur-containing domain that co-exists with calcium was found in a small domain near the particle surface, but no clear sign of atmospheric aging was found in most of the calcite domain. The inhomogeneous particle structure implies that the dissolution of iron and calcite in dust particles after ocean deposition depends on the physical structures of particles and their degree of aging according to atmospheric conditions during transport. Those factors must be adequately treated when estimating Asian dust effects on marine primary production.

Novel Method for Preparing Transmission Electron Microscopy Samples of Micrometer-Sized Powder Particles by Using Focused Ion Beam

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Min-Chul Kang ◽  
Ga-Bin Jung ◽  
Dong Soo Kim ◽  
Cheol-Woong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Novel Method

AbstractThe preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples from powders is quite difficult and challenging. For powders with particles in the 1–5 μm size range, it is especially difficult to select an adequate sample preparation technique. Epoxy is commonly used to bind powder, but drawbacks, such as differential milling originating from unequal milling rates between the epoxy and powder, remain. We propose a new, simple method for preparing TEM samples. This method is especially useful for powders with particles in the 1–5 μm size range that are vulnerable to oxidation. The method uses solder as an embedding agent together with focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The powder was embedded in low-temperature solder using a conventional hot-mounting instrument. Subsequently, FIB was used to fabricate thin TEM samples via the lift-out technique. The solder proved to be more effective than epoxy in producing thin TEM samples with large areas. The problem of differential milling was mitigated, and the solder binder was more stable than epoxy under an electron beam. This methodology can be applied for preparing TEM samples from various powders that are either vulnerable to oxidation or composed of high atomic number elements.

On radiation damage in FIB-prepared softwood samples measured by scanning X-ray diffraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Storm ◽  
Malte Ogurreck ◽  
Daniel Laipple ◽  
Christina Krywka ◽  
Manfred Burghammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time ◽  
Interesting System

The high flux density encountered in scanning X-ray nanodiffraction experiments can lead to severe radiation damage to biological samples. However, this technique is a suitable tool for investigating samples to high spatial resolution. The layered cell wall structure of softwood tracheids is an interesting system which has been extensively studied using this method. The tracheid cell has a complex geometry, which requires the sample to be prepared by cutting it perpendicularly to the cell wall axis. Focused ion beam (FIB) milling in combination with scanning electron microscopy allows precise alignment and cutting without splintering. Here, results of a scanning X-ray diffraction experiment performed on a biological sample prepared with a focused ion beam of gallium atoms are reported for the first time. It is shown that samples prepared and measured in this way suffer from the incorporation of gallium atoms up to a surprisingly large depth of 1 µm.

In-Situ Transformation of a Zinc Tem Lift-Out Specimen

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
B.I. Prenitzer ◽  
S. Collins ◽  
L. A. Giannuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Cleaning Operation ◽  
Microstructural Damage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Metallographic Preparation ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Preparation Techniques

The focused ion beam (FIB) lift out (LO) technique has been used to prepare transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens from individual Zn powder particles [1]. The Zn microstructure observed by TEM was compared to the Zn microstructure analyzed by traditional metallographic preparation techniques. It was concluded that the Ga focused ion milling produced no apparent microstructural damage to the Zn [1]. A low magnification TEM image of the FIB prepared Zn specimen obtained from a Philips EM430 operating at 300 KeV is shown in figure la.The Zn FIB LO specimen was then processed in a plasma cleaner. After subjecting the Zn specimen to the plasma cleaning operation, the specimen was observed in a Philips EM400 operating at 120 KeV. The Zn specimen completely transformed during in situTEM observation at 120 KeV. The specimen was then subsequently observed in an EM430 to analyze the transformed Zn at 300 KeV.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Abnormalities in iPSC-Derived Motor Neurons From Patients With Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorella Colasuonno ◽  
Enrico Bertini ◽  
Marco Tartaglia ◽  
Claudia Compagnucci ◽  
Sandra Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Transporter Deficiency

Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) is a childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness and motor neuron degeneration. Since riboflavin plays key functions in biological oxidation-reduction reactions, energy metabolism pathways involving flavoproteins are affected in RTD. We recently generated iPSC lines from affected individuals as an in vitro model of the disease and documented mitochondrial impairment in these cells dramatically impacting cell redox status. In the present work, we extend our study to motor neurons (MNs), i.e., the cell type mostly affected in patients with RTD. Altered intracellular distribution of mitochondria was detected by confocal microscopic analysis, following immunofluorescence for superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), as a dual mitochondrial and antioxidant marker, and βIII Tubulin, as neuronal marker. We demonstrate significantly lower SOD2 levels in RTD MNs, as compared to their healthy counterparts. Mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities were also assessed by Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy. Moreover, we investigated the effects of combination treatment using riboflavin and N-acetylcysteine, which is a widely employed antioxidant. Overall, our findings further support the potential of patient specific RTD models, and provide evidence of mitochondrial alterations in RTD-related iPSC-derived MNs, emphasizing oxidative stress involvement in this rare disease. We also provide new clues for possible therapeutic strategies, aimed at correcting mitochondrial defects, based on the use of antioxidants.

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