scholarly journals Assessing the ageing process of cation exchange membranes in bioelectrochemical systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabel San-Martín ◽  
Francisco Javier Carmona ◽  
Pedro Prádanos ◽  
Antonio Morán ◽  
Adrián Escapa
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Bioelectrochemical Systems ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Impact

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) encompass a group of biobased technologies capable of directly converting organic matter into electricity. In these systems, which are derived from conventional electrochemical systems, the ion exchange membrane represents a key element because of its influence on the economic feasibility and on the performance of BES. This study examines the impact of long-term operation of a BES on the mechanical, chemical and electrochemical properties of five different kind of cation exchange membranes (Nafion-117, CMI-7001, Zirfon UTP 500, FKE and FKB) through several techniques: (i) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to assess the changes on the membranes surface, (ii) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to evaluate the structural stability of the membranes, and (iii) ion exchange capacity (IEC) to monitor any change in their electrochemical properties. Results confirmed that there is not an ideal membrane for BES. While Nafion and CMI-7000 exhibited the strongest chemical structure, they also underwent the highest fouling as revealed by a fast increase in surface roughness.

scholarly journals Understanding of Adsorption and Desorption Mechanisms of Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins on Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Cation-Exchange Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Véronique Perreault ◽  
Veronika Sarapulova ◽  
Ksenia Tsygurina ◽  
Natalia Pismenskaya ◽  
Laurent Bazinet
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cranberry Juice ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
The Impact

The presence of membrane fouling is the main drawback in membrane processes, and it is related to the premature use and high cost for the replacement of membranes. Polyphenols in cranberry juice are associated with ion-exchange membrane fouling, and it results in a loss of these beneficial compounds in the juice when treated by membrane processes such as electrodialysis. In the present work, four heterogeneous or pseudohomogeneous cation-exchange membranes (CSE-fg, MK-40, CEM Type-II, and CJMC-5), different in terms of the polymer matrix (aromatic, aliphatic), exchange capacity, size, and location of meso and macropores, were studied to understand the impact of the membrane structure and physico-chemical properties on adsorption and desorption of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins) from cranberry juice. It appeared from these results that MK-40, CEM Type-II, and CSE-fg were more prone to fouling due to their high ion-exchange capacity, their thickness, and the presence of meso and macropores in their structure. Indeed, electrostatic interactions occurred between fixed groups of membranes and polyphenolic ions. Desorption of the entire membrane and cryogenic grinding with pH adjusted to 10 allowed a better recovery of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PACs), respectively, since hydroxide ions competed with polyphenols and membrane that induced desorption of polyphenols. In the future, this new knowledge will become the basis for a more sensible choice of membranes and for the development of protocols for extending their life cycle.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Cation Exchange Membrane for Microbial Fuel Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-773
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In this study the cation exchange membranes(CEM) were fabricated using 3 different compositions of sulphonated poly vinyl alcohol (SPVA) and phosphorylated graphene oxide(PGO) in weight ratios by physicalmixing and casting method. Loading of PGO in the SPVA improvedwater uptake property which signifies increase in ion exchange capacity(IEC) and proton conductivity as presence of acidic groups were characterized. These fabricated membranes performances were assessed in microbial fuel cells(MFCs) and characterized using XRD and FTIR for its compositional analysis. Due to proper proton conducting channelsmost suitable CEM (SPVA-PGO-3) revealed higher proton conductivity 9.0 x 10-2 S/cm at 27oC, water uptake 114%, area swelling 54.2% and ion exchange capacity (IEC) 1.92 meq/g. The power density obtained for this composite membrane applied in MFC-3 was observed to be 503.1 mW/m2 while the COD removal results obtained as 80.8 %.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Electrodialysis Desalination Performance of Novel Bioinspired and Conventional Ion Exchange Membranes with Sodium Chloride Feed Solutions

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
AHM Golam Hyder ◽  
Brian A. Morales ◽  
Malynda A. Cappelle ◽  
Stephen J. Percival ◽  
Leo J. Small ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Electrodialysis (ED) desalination performance of different conventional and laboratory-scale ion exchange membranes (IEMs) has been evaluated by many researchers, but most of these studies used their own sets of experimental parameters such as feed solution compositions and concentrations, superficial velocities of the process streams (diluate, concentrate, and electrode rinse), applied electrical voltages, and types of IEMs. Thus, direct comparison of ED desalination performance of different IEMs is virtually impossible. While the use of different conventional IEMs in ED has been reported, the use of bioinspired ion exchange membrane has not been reported yet. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ED desalination performance differences between novel laboratory‑scale bioinspired IEM and conventional IEMs by determining (i) limiting current density, (ii) current density, (iii) current efficiency, (iv) salinity reduction in diluate stream, (v) normalized specific energy consumption, and (vi) water flux by osmosis as a function of (a) initial concentration of NaCl feed solution (diluate and concentrate streams), (b) superficial velocity of feed solution, and (c) applied stack voltage per cell-pair of membranes. A laboratory‑scale single stage batch-recycle electrodialysis experimental apparatus was assembled with five cell‑pairs of IEMs with an active cross-sectional area of 7.84 cm2. In this study, seven combinations of IEMs (commercial and laboratory-made) were compared: (i) Neosepta AMX/CMX, (ii) PCA PCSA/PCSK, (iii) Fujifilm Type 1 AEM/CEM, (iv) SUEZ AR204SZRA/CR67HMR, (v) Ralex AMH-PES/CMH-PES, (vi) Neosepta AMX/Bare Polycarbonate membrane (Polycarb), and (vii) Neosepta AMX/Sandia novel bioinspired cation exchange membrane (SandiaCEM). ED desalination performance with the Sandia novel bioinspired cation exchange membrane (SandiaCEM) was found to be competitive with commercial Neosepta CMX cation exchange membrane.

New approach to adapting electrochemical properties of cation-exchange membrane by incorporating tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum nanoparticles

Ionics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hosseini ◽  
A. Ahmadi ◽  
B. Van der Bruggen ◽  
M. R. Jafari ◽  
Z. Shahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Aluminum Nanoparticles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Studies on Sodium lauryl sulphate supported Thorium(IV) phosphate: A New Surfactant supported Cation exchange resin, Useful in Water Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Somya ◽  
Mamata Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate ◽  
Infrared Study ◽  
Chemical Studies

Background: With increasing population and decreased quality of drinking water, there is a great demand for the development of new materials and methods that can find applications in the purification of water. This paper presents our small effort from pollution to solution by presenting the synthesis method of new sodium lauryl sulphate supported thorium(IV) phosphate, its characterization, and disquisition of analytical applications by executing some dual separations of calcium. Methods: Sodium lauryl sulphate thorium(IV) phosphate was synthesized by sol gel method. The synthesized exchanger was characterized by some physico-chemical studies like powdered X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis, EDAX and Fourier transform-infrared study and was also checked for its competency towards the ion exchange processes and in analytical chemistry. Results: The prominent characteristic of Sodium lauryl sulphate supported Thorium(IV) phosphate has been its tremendously high ion exchange capacity for sodium ions (3.10 meq/g) which is almost two and half times more than the exchange capacity of Thorium(IV) phosphate (ThP), i.e., 1.3 meq/g. The material was resulted in fibrous sheet which is quite thermally, mechanically stable and poorly crystalline. The material has shown selectivity towards Ca2+ and Hg2+ ions. Conclusion: The synthesized cation exchange material has been found quite thermally stable, showing drastically high exchange capacity and selectivity towards Hg2+ and Ca2+ metal ions which might be because of the use of an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate while synthesis of Th(IV) phosphate which has played a key role in enhancing the exchange capacity and adsorption of specific metals as well. Therefore, based on the results obtained, the above said materials can find applications in water purification processes and also, in environmental pollution control where removal of Hg2+ and Ca2+ is required.

The Impact of Plant Hedgerow in Three Gorges on the Soil Chemicophysical Properties and Soil Erosion

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xing Lü ◽  
Hong Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yu He Wu ◽  
Jin Hua Cheng ◽  
Jian Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Through the research and sampling analysis on different plant hedgerow in sloped farmland in Three Gorges reservoir area, we will conduct research on the impact of plant hedgerow in Three Gorges on the chemicophysical properties of soil and soil erosion. The results show that the plant hedgerow mainly composed by Morus alba, Citrus reticulata, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Vitex negundoand Begonia fimbristipula can decrease the soil density as well as sand content and increase soil porosity, soil water content, silt content and clay content to some extent. The organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity and other chemical indices of soil in different locations in plant hedgerow indicate as maximum in on-band, minimum in inter-band, middle both upper-band and below-band. In the same slop with no plant hedgerow, the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity and other chemical indices of soil show a trend of increasing from the top to the bottom of the slop, which reveals that these substances own a feature of accumulation by moving to the bottom. The strength of soil anti-corrosion in different plant hedgerow is: Vitex negundoand (79.2%)> Citrus reticulata (36.4%)> Morus alb (22.4%)> Zanthoxylum bungeanum (18.9%)> Begonia fimbristipula (15.3%)> CK (8.7%), and the soil anti-corrosion indices in plant hedgerow are decreasing with the increase of soil immersion time, besides, the former and the latter are 3 times polynomial function. For those 5 plant hedgerows, Vitex negundoand owns the best impact on improving soil chemicophysical properties and reducing soil erosion.

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