scholarly journals Modelling Hypertension and Risk Factors among Adults Using Ordinal Logistics Regression Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monday Osagie Adenomon ◽  
Daniel Owoicholofu John
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Rate Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

There is high prevalence of hypertension and is rapidly increasing around the world, despite the intervention programme implemented, this study aimed at estimating the prevalence rate, test of association between hypertension and risk factors and model hypertension rate. Data used was obtained from the health record of Federal Medical Centre, Keffi from January 2016 – January 2019. Ordinal logistic regression model was used; Model Fitting Information, Goodness-of-Fit, Pseudo R-Square and Test of Parallel Lines are fitted to the data sets to test the accuracy and correctness of the model. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of hypertension rate is high at 36.4%, among the adult population, body mass index and gender are statistically significant, and Age is not significant in the study. Individuals that are overweight are more likely to be hypertensive compare to other weights. At age 40 – 49 years which have the highest rate of 26.5% and the odd ratio is 0.75 compared to others. One year increase in age 30 – 39, the cumulative odd of being hypertensive is 0.91 while other independent variables are held constant. The odd ratio of female being hypertensive is 0.85, therefore the females are more likely to be hypertensive with 54.4% compared to the males at 45.6% . There is no presence of multicolinearity among the variables and Logit models were formulated to calculate probabilities of the various possible outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tinea Unguium and Tinea Pedis in the General Population in Spain

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3226-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Perea ◽  
Maria Jose Ramos ◽  
Margarita Garau ◽  
Alba Gonzalez ◽  
Antonio R. Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Positive Direct

This study prospectively evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in the general adult population in Madrid, Spain. One thousand subjects were clinically examined, and samples of nails and scales from the interdigital spaces of the feet were taken from those patients presenting with signs or symptoms of onychomycosis and/or tinea pedis, respectively. In addition, a sample from the fourth interdigital space of both feet was collected from all individuals with a piece of sterilized wool carpet. Tinea unguium was defined as a positive direct examination with potassium hydroxide and culture of the etiological agent from subjects with clinically abnormal nails. Patients with positive dermatophyte cultures of foot specimens were considered to have tinea pedis. The prevalence of tinea unguium was 2.8% (4.0% for men and 1.7% for women), and the prevalence of tinea pedis was 2.9% (4.2% for men and 1.7% for women). The etiological agents of tinea unguium were identified asTrichopyton rubrum (82.1%), followed by Trichopyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (14.3%) andTrichopyton tonsurans (3.5%). Trichophyton rubrum (44.8%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes(44.8%), followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (7%) andT. tonsurans (3.4%), were the organisms isolated from patients with tinea pedis. The percentage of subjects who suffered simultaneously from both diseases was 1.1% (1.7% for men and 0.6% for women). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (relative risk [RR], 1.03) and gender (RR, 2.50) were independent risk factors for tinea unguium, while only gender (RR, 2.65) was predictive for the occurrence of tinea pedis. In both analyses, the presence of one of the two conditions was associated with a higher risk for the appearance of the other disease (RR, >25).

scholarly journals Metabolic risk factors, as a trigger mechanism of the disease of the cardiovascular system in different age periods in the adult population.

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Gruzdeva ◽  
E. I. Palicheva ◽  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
Yu. A. Dyleva ◽  
T. P. Zhilyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

Aim - to identify the features of propagation of metabolic CVD risk factors (visceral obesity, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia), depending on the age and sex accessories. Material and methods. As a result of follow-survey 2308 men and women between the ages of 21 to 71 years and older age group 6 is formed. The prevalence of CVD risk factors, as well as hypertension and coronary heart disease, depending on the age and gender characteristics. Determination of serum glucose and total cholesterol (TC) was evaluated using the test systems company «Thermo Fisher Sientific» (Finland). Results. Obesity is equally widespread in young and middle age, but after 40 years have seen a dramatic increase in the prevalence of this factor in women. Hypercholesterolemia is most common in men and women after 50 years, with the greatest increase observed in patients with diabetes and hypertension. At the same time in men with hypercholesterolemia, obesity is recorded at an earlier age, and the prevalence of coronary artery disease is most pronounced in men older age group. Conclusion. Between all the studied risk factors, there is a relationship, and the existing risk factors at a young age, still active when the compensatory system, implemented at a later age the development of critical states in the form of myocardial infarction and stroke.

scholarly journals The Relationship between External and Internal Risk Factors with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-59 Months in Slums in Indonesia, 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Made Agus Nurjana ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini ◽  
Olwin Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (Tb) remains a health problem throughout the world. World Health Organization (WHO) has set it as a “Global Emergency” disease. The difficulty of confirming the diagnosis of it in children, different from it in adults, causes the treatment of it in children often neglected. This problem is exacerbated by the supporting environmental conditions, namely living in slums, which makes the risk of transmission even higher. OBJECTIVE: To identify internal and external factors related to Tb in children aged 0-59 months living in slums in Indonesia. MATERIAL & METHOD: The data source used was the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) using a sample of children less than five years old who lived in slums in 34 provinces in Indonesia. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis found three risk factors, namely BCG immunization status (age-based), at-risk home environment, and gender (residential area-based). Vaccinated children under one year of age have the best probability of not suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Those who live in a house inhabited by less than five people, or in that occupied by more than four with no one of which smokes or does not suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis has a probability of not being exposed to it. Likewise, women who live in rural areas have almost two times less probability of suffering from it, compared to men in urban areas. CONCLUSION: Factors contributing to the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants in slums are the status of BCG immunization, air cleanliness in the neighborhood, which can be seen from the differences of risks in rural and urban, and the number of inhabitants per house and their behavior.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF POLYTOMOUS MODEL WITH PROPORTIONAL ODDS AND NON-PROPORTIONAL ODDS MODEL ON BIRTH SIZE CASE IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Yenni Kurniawati ◽  
Anang Kurnia ◽  
Kusman Sadik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Proportional Odds Model ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Proportional Odds ◽  
Proportional Odds Assumption ◽  
Deviance Test ◽  
And Gender

The proportional odds model (POM) and the non-proportional odds model (NPOM) are very useful in ordinal modeling. However, the proportional odds assumption is often violated in practice. In this paper, the non-proportional odds model is chosen as an alternative model when the proportional odds assumption is not violated. This paper aims to compare Proportional Odds Model (POM) and Non-Proportional Odds Model (NPOM) in cases of birth size in Indonesia based on the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data. The results showed that in the POM there was a violation of the proportional odds assumption, so the alternative NPOM model was used. NPOM had better use than POM. The goodness of fit shows that the deviance test failed to reject H0, and the value of Mac Fadden R2 is higher than POM. The risk factors that have a significant influence on all categories of birth size are the residence and gender of the child.

Epidemiology of periodontal diseases among the adult population in the city of Ufa

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
N.A. Vasilyeva ◽  
A.I. Bulgakova ◽  
A.S. Khafizova ◽  
E.A. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City ◽  
Acute Periodontitis ◽  
Different Parts

The article presents the results of an epidemiological study of the prevalence and intensity of inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) in the northern and southern parts of Ufa, as well as the need for complex periodontal treatment. The number of visits by primary persons for periodontal care in the NW is 2.1 times less than in the SW. The rank values of common risk factors for the development of IPD have been identified. When assessing the KPI index, the risk to this pathology and its difference in different parts of Ufa, taking into account the nosological form and gender, were identified. With acute gingivitis, men living in NW and SW were statistically equally treated to a periodontist, while women living in NW were 1.8 times more. With acute periodontitis in the NW, men visit a periodontist 1.9 times more than in the SW, and women, on the contrary, in the SW are 1.2 times more likely to visit than in the NW. With chronic forms of IPD, the differences in treatment among men and women were not statistically significant and did not depend on the area of residence.

scholarly journals Application of the Truncated Zero-Inflated Double Poisson for Determining of the Effecting Factors on the Number of Coronary Artery Stenosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arezoo Orooji ◽  
Toktam Sahranavard ◽  
Mohammad-Taghi Shakeri ◽  
Mohammad Tajfard ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Saffari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenosis ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Artery Disease

Background. Risk factors of coronary heart disease have been discussed in the literature; however, conventional statistical models are not appropriate when the outcome of interest is number of vessels with obstructive coronary artery disease. In this paper, a novel statistical model is discussed to investigate the risk factors of number of vessels with obstructive coronary artery disease. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 633 elderly cardiovascular patients at Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from September 2011 to May 2013. Clinical outcome is number of vessels with obstructive coronary artery disease (=0, 1, 2, 3), and predictor variables are baseline demographics and clinical features. A right-truncated zero-inflated double Poisson regression model is performed which can accommodate both underdispersion and excess zeros in the outcome. The goodness-of-fit of the proposed model is compared with conventional regression models. Results. Out of 633 cardiovascular patients, 327 were male (51.7%). Mean age was ~ 65 ± 7 years (for individuals with zero, one ,and two coronary artery stenosis) and ~ 66 ± 7 years (for individuals with three coronary artery stenosis). BMI ( 0.04 ± 0.01 , p = 0.011 ) and female gender ( 0.19 ± 0.09 , p = 0.032 ) were significant associated with the count part of the model, and only BMI ( − 0.47 ± 0.2 , p = 0.011 ) was significantly predictive of logit part of the model. The goodness-of-fit measurements indicate that the proposed model outperforms the conventional regression models. Conclusion. The proposal regression model shows a better fit compared to the standard regression analysis in modeling number of vessels with obstructive coronary artery disease. Hence, using truncated zero-inflated double Poisson regression model—as an alternative model—is advised to study the risk factors of number of involved vessels of coronary artery stenosis.

scholarly journals Risk factors for thyroid hormone replacement therapy after hemithyroidectomy and development of a predictive nomogram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Cao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Mengwei Wu ◽  
Xiequn Xu ◽  
Ziwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Replacement ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract Purpose Hemithyroidectomy is a valid operation to retain functional contralateral thyroid lobe that is indicated for a variety of thyroid diseases. This study aimed at determination of the risk factors for thyroid hormone replacement following hemithyroidectomy and to develop a predictive nomogram. Methods Data of patients treated by hemithyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease between January 2015 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline characteristics, surgery-related variables, and preoperative and postoperative thyroid function of patients were collected from the case records and compared between patients with postoperative euthyroidism and patients with postoperative hypothyroidism. Postoperative euthyroidism patients without thyroid hormone replacement were compared to those who developed postoperative hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone replacement. The factors associated with thyroid hormone replacement were used to construct a binomial logistic-regression model and visualized as a predictive nomogram to evaluate the risk of thyroid hormone replacement following hemithyroidectomy. Results Of the 378 patients (74% female) included in the study, 110 (29.1%) developed postoperative hypothyroidism. Preoperative serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) > 2.172 µIU/mL was identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative hypothyroidism (odds ratio [OR] = 8.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.87-13.20; P < 0.001). Of 110 patients with postoperative hypothyroidism, 56 (50.9%) received thyroid hormone replacement. Unilateral thyroid nodule and preoperative serum TSH > 2.172 µIU/mL were independent predictors of postoperative thyroid hormone replacement (P = 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). Temporary subclinical hypothyroidism occurred in 12 patients; all 12 reverted to euthyroid state without thyroid hormone replacement. The discriminative effect of the binomial regression model was proved reliable by the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (P = 0.856), and predictive ability of the nomogram was satisfactory with a C-index of 0.85. Conclusion Hypothyroidism is common after hemithyroidectomy, and almost half of the patients will need thyroid hormone replacement. Elevated preoperative serum TSH level and unilateral thyroid nodule were independent predictors of thyroid hormone replacement following hemithyroidectomy. The predictive nomogram could be a useful tool for clinical practice.

Awareness of adult population toward palpitation and its risk factors in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Fehaid Alanazi ◽  
Khalid Alotaibi ◽  
Fehaid Almutlaq ◽  
Ahmed Aldahash ◽  
Abdulaziz Alsenani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Adult Population

scholarly journals Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Bivariate Time Series of Counts

Econometrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Šárka Hudecová ◽  
Marie Hušková ◽  
Simos G. Meintanis
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Parametric Bootstrap ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Generalized Poisson ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Monte Carlo Experiments

This article considers goodness-of-fit tests for bivariate INAR and bivariate Poisson autoregression models. The test statistics are based on an L2-type distance between two estimators of the probability generating function of the observations: one being entirely nonparametric and the second one being semiparametric computed under the corresponding null hypothesis. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed tests statistics both under the null hypotheses as well as under alternatives is derived and consistency is proved. The case of testing bivariate generalized Poisson autoregression and extension of the methods to dimension higher than two are also discussed. The finite-sample performance of a parametric bootstrap version of the tests is illustrated via a series of Monte Carlo experiments. The article concludes with applications on real data sets and discussion.

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