scholarly journals Neurological Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Farooq Azam Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Acute Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Encephalitis ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

The Coronavirus disease due to SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread more than 200 countries as a global health pandemic. There are more 3 million confirmed cases and around 207,000 fatalities. The primary manifestation is respiratory and cardiac but neurological manifestations are being reported in the literature as case reports and case series. The most common reported symptoms to include headache and dizziness followed by encephalopathy and delirium. Among the complications noted are Cerebrovascular accident, Guillian barre syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, and acute encephalitis. The most common peripheral manifestation was hyposmia. It is further noted that sometimes the neurological manifestations can precede the typical features like fever and cough and later on typical manifestations develop in these patients. Hence a high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis and isolation of cases to prevent the spread in neurology wards. We present a narrative review of the neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19. Our aim is to update the neurologists and physicians working with suspected cases of COVID-19 about the possible neurological presentations and the probable neurological complications resulting from this novel virus infection.

scholarly journals Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyan Nathanael Harapan ◽  
Hyeon Joo Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVID-19 reported in the present literature. For this purpose, a review of all current published literature (studies, case reports, case series, reviews, editorials, and other articles) was conducted and neurological sequelae of COVID-19 were summarized. Essential and common neurological symptoms including gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, myalgia, headache, altered mental status, confusion, delirium, and dizziness are presented separately in sections. Moreover, neurological manifestations and complications that are of great concern such as stroke, cerebral (sinus) venous thrombosis, seizures, meningoencephalitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute myelitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are also addressed systematically. Future studies that examine the impact of neurological symptoms and manifestations on the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and assess the link between neurological complications and the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. To limit long-term consequences, it is crucial that healthcare professionals can early detect possible neurological symptoms and are well versed in the increasingly common neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus that Causes COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Naji
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

Coronaviruses have been associated with many outbreaks in the past and the recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the globe due to its high transmission rate. SARS-CoV-2 has reported to be associated with respiratory and cardiac complications, but recent case series and case reports of COVID-19 patients suggest that it is also associated with neurological manifestations. The most commonly observed neurological manifestation are headache, anomia, ageusia, dizziness, delirium and the complications include Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), acute encephalitis, acute myelitis, and cerebrovascular disorders. The pathways leading to neuronal damage are the retrograde neuronal and hematogenous pathway. This paper is aimed to explain the neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 patients and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of neuronal invasion.

scholarly journals Environmental Issues and Neurological Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: New Aspects of the Disease?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8049
Author(s):  
Luigi Bellocchio ◽  
Ioana Roxana Bordea ◽  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
Felice Lorusso ◽  
Denisa Hazballa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly caused a global health pandemic. Current evidence seems to suggest a possible link with ecosystem disequilibrium and even air pollution. The primary manifestations affect respiratory and circulatory systems, but neurological features are also being reported through case reports and case series. We summarize neurological symptoms and complications associated with COVID-19. We have searched for original articles published in PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “pandemic”, “SARS-COV-2”, “neurology”, “neurological”, “complications” and “manifestations”. We found around 1000 publications addressing the issue of neurological conditions associated with COVID-19 infection. Amongst those, headache and dizziness are the most common reported symptoms followed by encephalopathy and delirium, while the most frequent complications are cerebrovascular accidents, Guillain–Barré syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, and acute encephalitis. Specific symptoms affecting the peripheral nervous system such as hyposmia and dysgeusia are the most common manifestations recorded in the selected studies. Interestingly, it was noted that these kinds of neurological symptoms might precede the typical features, such as fever and cough, in COVID patients. Neurological symptoms and complications associated with COVID-19 should be considered as a part of the clinical features of this novel global pandemic.

scholarly journals Relevance and Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Anisa Chowdhary ◽  
Roshan Subedi ◽  
Medha Tandon ◽  
Sijin Wen ◽  
Jenil Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings

We performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging, predominantly focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We screened articles from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, looking for reports that would potentially have neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19. Data analysis was performed with patient-based data based on the availability of clinical characteristics and outcomes for each individual patient from the studies. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to report COVID-19 severity and outcomes based on neurological imaging indicators and pathophysiology. A total of 171 patients with COVID-19 having neurological complications, from 134 studies, were identified in our review. The most common neuroimaging finding was ischemic stroke (62, 36.2%) cases, followed by CNS inflammatory disorder (44, 25.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (41, 24.0%). Around 51% of all the fatal COVID-19 cases had an ischemic stroke. Among patients with ischemic stroke, the mean age of those who suffered from COVID-19 infection was 57.5 years (SD = 15.4) whereas it was 50.7 years (SD = 15.1) among those without stroke/other diagnosis. Fatality was more common in patients with ischemic stroke compared to those with other diagnosis (40% vs. 22%, p = 0.011). The most frequently published neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19 were ischemic stroke, CNS inflammatory disorder, and hemorrhagic disorder. In those studies, ischemic stroke was associated with fatality, and was more frequently seen in older patients. Based on our findings, early usage of MRI in COVID-19 patients may be recommended.

scholarly journals Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Kumar Panda ◽  
Indar Kumar Sharawat ◽  
Pragnya Panda ◽  
Vivekanand Natarajan ◽  
Rahul Bhakat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures

Abstract Background Knowledge about neurological complications of COVID-19 in children is limited due to the paucity of data in the existing literature. Some systematic reviews are available describing overall clinical features of COVID-19 in children and neurological complications of COVID-19 in adults. But to the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been performed to determine neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Methods Six different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, medRxiv and bioRxiv) were searched for articles related to COVID-19 and neurological complications in children. Studies/case series reporting neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in patients aged ≤18 years, as well as case reports, as neurological complications appear to be rare. The pooled estimate of various non-specific and specific neurological manifestations was performed using a random effect meta-analysis. Results Twenty-one studies/case series and five case reports (3707 patients) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review, from a total of 460 records. Headache, myalgia and fatigue were predominant non-specific neurological manifestations, presenting altogether in 16.7% cases. Total of 42 children (1%) were found to have been reported with definite neurological complications, more in those suffering from a severe illness (encephalopathy—25, seizure—12, meningeal signs—17). Rare neurological complications were intracranial hemorrhage, cranial nerve palsy, Guillain–Barré syndrome and vision problems. All children with acute symptomatic seizures survived suggesting a favorable short-term prognosis. Conclusion Neurological complications are rare in children suffering from COVID-19. Still, these children are at risk of developing seizures and encephalopathy, more in those suffering from severe illness.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations and implications of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628642093203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Tsivgoulis ◽  
Lina Palaiodimou ◽  
Aristeidis H. Katsanos ◽  
Valeria Caso ◽  
Martin Köhrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Delivery ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread worldwide, with a vast majority of confirmed cases presenting with respiratory symptoms. Potential neurological manifestations and their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been thoroughly established. In this narrative review, we sought to present the neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case reports, case series, editorials, reviews, case-control and cohort studies were evaluated, and relevant information was abstracted. Various reports of neurological manifestations of previous coronavirus epidemics provide a roadmap regarding potential neurological complications of COVID-19, due to many shared characteristics between these viruses and SARS-CoV-2. Studies from the current pandemic are accumulating and report COVID-19 patients presenting with dizziness, headache, myalgias, hypogeusia and hyposmia, but also with more serious manifestations including polyneuropathy, myositis, cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis and encephalopathy. However, discrimination between causal relationship and incidental comorbidity is often difficult. Severe COVID-19 shares common risk factors with cerebrovascular diseases, and it is currently unclear whether the infection per se represents an independent stroke risk factor. Regardless of any direct or indirect neurological manifestations, the COVID-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the management of neurological patients, whether infected or not. In particular, the majority of stroke services worldwide have been negatively influenced in terms of care delivery and fear to access healthcare services. The effect on healthcare quality in the field of other neurological diseases is additionally evaluated.

scholarly journals Neurological Manifestations of Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafari N ◽  
◽  
Khoshghamat N ◽  
Ghaderi MS ◽  
Yazdani S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Fisher Syndrome

In the light of the recent evidence, neurological manifestations have been reported in patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To shed light on a clear-cut explanation of neurological complications followed by SARS-CoV-2, a systematic analysis was reviewed. To this point, general medical databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from January 1, 2020, to September 20, 2020, were systematically searched to find related published articles. Through the search strategy, 93 studies for qualitative synthesis were included. Finally, the available data of 8,753 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed that the most prevalent Central Nervous System (CNS) manifestations of COVID-19 were headache (1137 cases, 18%) and dizziness (142 cases, 2%). On the other hand, some peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms were muscle pain (3300 cases, 53%), hypogeusia (646 cases, 11%), anosmia (545 cases, 9%), and hyposmia (379 cases, 6%). Furthermore, a small proportion of patients had ageusia (74 cases, 1%), cerebrovascular disorders (66 cases, 0.75%), and impaired consciousness (21 cases, 0.2%). Besides, some neurological features, such as encephalitis, neuralgia, ataxia, Guillain- Barre syndrome, miller fisher syndrome, intracerebral hemorrhage, polyneuritis cranialis, and dystonic posture were reported in the literature as case reports and case series. Conclusion: Taken together, data from our systematic analysis indicated that neurological manifestations in both CNS and PNS were reported in COVID-19 patients. Further observational research in this field with more participants are needed to detect the specific risk concerning neurological complications in COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals COVID–19 infection and stroke risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaghayegh Sadeghmousavi ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Acute Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to other countries. The most common reported symptoms are fever, dry cough, myalgia and fatigue, headache, anorexia, and breathlessness. Anosmia and dysgeusia as well as gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea and diarrhea are other notable symptoms. This virus also can exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases, including epileptic seizures, cerebrovascular accident, Guillian barre syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, and acute encephalitis. In this study, we discuss stroke as a complication of the new coronavirus and its possible mechanisms of damage.

scholarly journals A case series of ischemic stroke with coronavirus disease 2019 in two Egyptian centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevine El Nahas ◽  
Tamer Roushdy ◽  
Eman Hamid ◽  
Sherien Farag ◽  
Hossam Shokri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Novel Virus

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that has been reported to have various neurological manifestations. Cerebrovascular disorders have been encountered as a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presentation in our center during the pandemic. Case presentation We are presenting 10 cases with cerebrovascular manifestations after having COVID-19 few days prior to stroke. Conclusion Cerebrovascular manifestations can occur in association with COVID-19 and may have significant implications on prognosis and management.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations and neuroimaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV2—a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Mohan ◽  
Muhammad Ali Fayyaz ◽  
Christopher del Rio ◽  
Navpreet Kaur Rajinder Singh Khurana ◽  
Sampada Sandip Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected everyone in a hit or miss manner. Since it began, evidence of the neuro-invasive potential of the virus has been intensifying significantly. Several pathways have been hypothesized to elucidate the neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV2. It is the need of the hour to collect vital information. Objective To evaluate and correlate the neuro-radiological and neurological manifestations in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV2. To identify neuro-invasive pathways of COVID infection. Methods Relevant studies were identified through four databases—the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science. These were searched using relevant keywords—“COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV2,” “neurological manifestations,” “neuroimaging,” “CT,” and “MRI.” Relevant articles were screened according to a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria from December 2019 to August 2020. Results Our review included a total of 63 full text publications with 584 patients, composed mainly of observational studies, case reports, and case series. The most common neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 were altered mental status, stroke, and paralysis. About 17.85% patients who underwent neuroimaging were found to be having ischemic changes suggestive of a stroke. This was followed by hemorrhagic changes as the second most common finding. The most commonly involved vessel was the Middle Cerebral Artery. Besides stroke, we found that SARS-CoV2 could be the cause for new-onset seizures, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, encephalitis, and many other severe neurological diseases. Conclusion The information that we have obtained so far will prove dynamic to healthcare providers working against the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to be aware of these atypical neurological findings for the early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infected patients. However, to completely understand the connection between SARS-CoV2 and the nervous system, further research is necessary.

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