Proximate Polyphenolic Composition, Phytochemical Components and Bioactivity Evaluation of Twelve Strawberry (Arbutus unedo L.) Genotypes Grown Under Moroccan Ecological Conditions

There are not many exhaustive works emphasizing the amount of genetic diversity among the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) genotypes in Morocco. This work aims to assess the biochemical composition of strawberry tree fruits, as well as to establish the variation of this composition among them. In this study, total phenols, total flavonoids, condensed and hydrolyzable tannins, total anthocyanins and free radical scavenging activity through ABTS were investigated in strawberry tree fruits. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative analyses of individual phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were carried out. Color parameters such as lightness (L*), Chroma (c*) and hue angle (h°) were also investigated. All studied variables showed highly significant differences among all samples with the exception of hydrolyzable tannins and chromatic coordinates. Total phenolics varied from 22.63 ± 1.74 to 39.06 ± 2.44 mg GAE/g dry wt, total flavonoids varied from 3.30 ± 0.60 to 8.62 ± 1.10 mg RE/g dry wt and total anthocyanins ranged between 0.12 ± 0.06 and 0.66 ± 0.15 mg cya-3-glu/100g dry wt. In addition, condensed and hydrolyzable tannins amounts were in the range of 10.41 ± 1.07 - 16.08 ± 1.50 mg TAE/g dry wt and 4.08 ± 2.43 - 6.34 ± 3.47 respectively. Moreover, the IC50 value (ABTS) ranged between 1.75 and 19.58 mg AAE/g dry wt. 17 phenolic compounds were detected in strawberry tree fruits. Gallocatechol and catechin were the most abundant phenolic compound. Matrix of correlations revealed signiﬁcant positive and negative correlations among variables particularly c*, a* and b*. Principal component analysis showed that the ﬁrst three components formed than 68% of the total inertia. The following variables gallic acid, protocatechuic, gallocatechin, gallic acid derivative, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid derivative II, L* and h* were the most involved in the total variance explained. Hierarchical clustering classified samples into one main cluster, with a single branch. The results highlight a high biochemical diversity within studied strawberry genotypes, which is probably more genetically related

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Phytochemical Components and Bioactivity Assessment among Twelve Strawberry (Arbutus unedo L.) Genotypes Growing in Morocco Using Chemometrics

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9101345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hafida Zitouni ◽

Lahcen Hssaini ◽

Zerhoune Messaoudi ◽

Hamza Ourradi ◽

Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Acid Derivative ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽

Arbutus Unedo ◽

Strawberry Tree ◽

Tree Fruits

There are not many exhaustive works emphasizing the amount of genetic diversity among the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) genotypes in Morocco. This work aims to assess the biochemical composition of strawberry tree fruits, as well as to establish the variation of this composition among them. In this study, total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), condensed tannins (CT) and hydrolyzable tannins (HT), total anthocyanins (TA), and free radical scavenging activity through ABTS were investigated in strawberry tree fruits. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative analyses of individual phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were carried out. Color parameters such as lightness (L*), Chroma (c*), and hue angle (h°) were also investigated. All studied variables showed highly significant differences among all samples with the exception of hydrolyzable tannins and chromatic coordinates. TP varied from 22.63 ± 1.74 to 39.06 ± 2.44 mg GAE/g DW, TF varied from 3.30 ± 0.60 to 8.62 ± 1.10 mg RE/g DW, and TA ranged between 0.12 ± 0.06 and 0.66 ± 0.15 mg cya-3-glu/100 g DW. In addition, CT and HT amounts were in the range of 10.41 ± 1.07–16.08 ± 1.50 mg TAE/g DW and 4.08 ± 2.43–6.34 ± 3.47 TAE/g DW, respectively. Moreover, the IC50 value (ABTS) ranged between 1.75 and 19.58 mg AAE/g DW. 17 phenolic compounds were detected in strawberry tree fruits. Gallocatechol and catechin were the most abundant phenolic compounds. Matrix of correlations revealed significant positive and negative correlations among variables particularly c*, a*, and b*. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first three components formed than 68% of the total inertia. The following variables gallic acid, protocatechuic, gallocatechin, gallic acid derivative, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid derivative II, L*, and h* were the most involved in the total variance explained. Hierarchical clustering classified samples into one main cluster, with a single branch. The results highlight a high biochemical diversity within studied strawberry genotypes, which is probably more genetically related.

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Exploring Antioxidant Activity, Organic Acid, and Phenolic Composition in Strawberry Tree Fruits (Arbutus unedo L.) Growing in Morocco

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9121677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1677

Author(s):

Hafida Zitouni ◽

Lahcen Hssaini ◽

Rachida Ouaabou ◽

Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽

Francisca Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Strawberry Tree ◽

Total Anthocyanins ◽

Tree Fruits ◽

Β Carotene

This study aimed to explore the main biochemical components and the antioxidant capacity of five strawberry tree fruits using three antioxidant essays within the ecotypic comparison scheme, to find out the most valuable fruit presenting disease-preventing properties. Total phenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and β-Carotene bleaching assays), pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and moisture content were investigated in five strawberry tree genotypes belonging to several areas in Morocco. Phenolic compounds were also identified using high performance chromatography (HPLC), with a diode array detector (DAD). High significant differences (p ˂ 0.05) were revealed among the examined genotypes regarding their total phenols (25.37–39.06 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g Dry weight (DW), total flavonoids (3.30–7.07 mg RE/g Dry weight (DW), total anthocyanins (0.15–0.64 mg cya-3-glu/100g Dry weight (DW), pH (2.44–3.92), titratable acidity (0.65–1.01 g malic acid/100g Fresh weight (FW), and soluble solids (14.83–18.53%). The average radical scavenging capacity, assessed using three methods, exhibited the following concentration ranges: 3.33–21.08, 2.25–19.58, and 1.08–13 mg Ascorbic Equivalent (AAE/g Dry weight(DW) for the DPPH scavenging test, ABTS, and β-carotene bleaching, respectively. Seventeen phenolic compounds were identified in sampled cultivars. Gallocatechol and catechin were found to be the major phenolic compounds. The correlation matrix revealed significant correlations among investigated variables, particularly ABTS and DPPH. The principal component analysis showed that the first three components formed 90.25% of the total variance. The following variables: chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid derivative, ellagic acid, rutin, and cyanidin−30.5-diglucoside, were the most involved in the total variance. The results revealed highly promising physico-biochemical profiles within the studied strawberry tree genotypes.

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Assessment of Antioxidant Properties in Fruits ofMyrica esculenta: A Popular Wild Edible Species in Indian Himalayan Region

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/neq055 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Sandeep Rawat ◽

Arun Jugran ◽

Lalit Giri ◽

Indra D. Bhatt ◽

Ranbeer S. Rawal

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Indian Himalayan Region ◽

Edible Species

Crude extract ofMyrica esculentafruits, a wild edible species of Indian Himalayan Region, was evaluated for phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. Results revealed significant variation in total phenolic and flavonoid contents across populations. Among populations, total phenolic content varied between 1.78 and 2.51 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh weight (fw) of fruits and total flavonoids ranged between 1.31 and 1.59 mg quercetin equivalent/g fw. Antioxidant activity determined by 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) exhibited considerable antioxidant potential and showed significant positive correlation with total phenolic and total flavonoids content. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed significant variation (P< .01) in phenolic compounds (i.e., gallic acid, catechin, hydroxybenzioc acid andρ-coumaric acid) across populations. This study provides evidences to establish that consumption ofM. esculentafruits while providing relished taste would also help in reduction of free radicals. Therefore, this wild edible species deserves promotion in the region through horticulture and forestry interventions.

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Diversity in phenolic compounds, biochemical and pomological characteristics of Arbutus unedo fruits

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muttalip Gündoğdu ◽

Sezai Ercisli ◽

Ihsan Canan ◽

Erdal Orman ◽

Muhammad Sameeullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Arbutus Unedo ◽

Strawberry Tree ◽

Mediterranean Regions ◽

Seed Propagation

AbstractStrawberry trees (Arbutus unedoL.) are naturally grown in particular Black Sea and Mediterranean regions of Turkey with great diversity due to continuous seed propagation for centuries. The trees differ in terms of most of the horticultural characteristics. We investigated the phenolic compounds and the biochemical and pomological characteristics of the fruits of eight strawberry tree selections naturally grown in the western part of Turkey. Significant differences were found among the genotypes in terms of their phenolic compounds and their biochemical and pomological characteristics. Among soluble sugars, fructose (11.63 g 100 g−1) was the dominant sugar, followed by glucose (6.10 g 100 g−1) and sucrose (1.44 g 100 g−1) for all the genotypes. Positive correlation was found between fruit weight and soluble sugar content. Malic acid was the major organic acid (0.67-2.33 g 100 g−1), and the second major organic acid in strawberry tree fruits was citric acid (0.25-0.87 g 100 g−1). Vitamin C content was an average of 56.22 g 100 g−1for the eight genotypes. Among phenolic compounds, gallic acid was dominant (1.62-7.29 mg 100 g−1), followed by chlorogenic acid (1.23-3.14 mg 100 g−1), on an average basis.

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Antioxidant Activities in Sweet Potatoes Leaves Steamed with Spices

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v9n4p41 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Edith A. Agbo ◽

Konan Kouassi ◽

Désirée A. Gouekou ◽

Souleymane Méité ◽

Albarin G. Gbogouri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

Sweet potato leaves contain phenolic and flavonoids compounds which give them a potential antioxidant capacity. However, these antioxidant activities can be lost during cooking due to high temperature. In the aim to enhance their antioxidant activities, sweet potato leaves were steamed with antioxidant spices. The spices were used alone or mixed: nutmeg, Guinea pepper, cloves, nutmeg-Guinea pepper, nutmeg-cloves, Guinea pepper-cloves and nutmeg-Guinea pepper-cloves. The phytochemical analysis was carried-out on total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, while the antioxidant activities were determined via free radical-scavenging and inhibition power of lipid peroxidation. The results showed that cloves total phenolic content (513.33 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g dry matter (DM)) increased to 1786.67 mg GAE/g DM when mixed with Guinea pepper. Flavonoids content was high in Guinea pepper-cloves (57.17 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/g DM). In sweet potato steamed leaves, total phenolic compounds content is improved by incorporating cloves (625.83 mg GAE/g DM), while flavonoids content is slightly improved by Guinea pepper (125.00 mg QE/g DM). Among spices, cloves, Guinea pepper-cloves and nutmeg IC50 values (0.45, 0.83 and 1.50 μg/ml respectively) did not differ significantly to that of vitamin C (1.67 μg/ml), indicating that they had a good antiradical activity. The capacity of spices and steamed sweet potato leaves with and without spices to inhibit lipid peroxidation was higher than that of Gallic acid which is the standard reference. Spices, particularly cloves and Guinea pepper can improve antioxidant activities during sweet potato leaves steaming.

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Comparative antihemolytic and radical scavenging activities of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaf and fruit

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.028 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 2285-2291 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Lídia Mendes ◽

Victor de Freitas ◽

Paula Baptista ◽

Márcia Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Arbutus Unedo ◽

Strawberry Tree

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Comparative Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Some Wild and Cultivated Blueberries from Romania

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha3926265 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Andrea BUNEA ◽

Olivia Dumitrita RUGINA ◽

Adela M. PINTEA ◽

Zoriţa SCONŢA ◽

Claudiu I. BUNEA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Total Anthocyanins

Two wild and three cultivated blueberry varieties (‘Elliot’, ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Duke’) from Romania were analyzed comparatively in order to determine the total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids content and measuring the antioxidant activity using three different single electron transfer-based assays, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (ABTS), ferric reducing ability (FRAP), 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazil radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and one hydrogen atom transfer-assay, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Total polyphenols content ranged from 424.84 - 819.12 mg GAE/100 g FW, total flavonoids ranged from 84.33-112.5 mg QE /100 g FW and total anthocyanins ranged from 100.58-300.02 C3GE/100g FW. The anthocyanins were separated and quantified using RP-HPLC-DAD. In Vaccinium myrtillus, petunidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside have the highest contribution to the anthocyanin content while in Vaccinium corymbosum, peonidin-3-galactoside represent the major anthocyanin. Except for ORAC assay (r=0.765), all antioxidant activity values obtained were highly correlated with total polyphenol content (0.923≤ r ≤0.986). Wild blueberries had higher total polyphenols content and also antioxidant activity compared with cultivated ones.

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The phenolic profile of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc191217018j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 85 (8) ◽

pp. 1011-1019

Author(s):

Andreja Juric ◽

Uros Gasic ◽

Irena Brcic-Karaconji ◽

Karlo Jurica ◽

Dusanka Milojkovic-Opsenica

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Liquid Chromatograph ◽

Phenolic Profile ◽

Arbutus Unedo ◽

Strawberry Tree ◽

Hybrid Mass Spectrometer ◽

The Many

Despite of the many beneficial health effects of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey, due to its strong antioxidant activity derived mostly from polyphenols, a detailed phenolic profile has not been previously studied. The aims of this study were to identify the phenolic compounds, determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and evaluate the radical scavenging activity (RSA) of strawberry tree honey from south Croatia. Fifty-two polyphenolics (twenty- -seven phenolic acids and twenty-five flavonoids) were identified using ultra- -high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a hybrid mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap MS). Our overall results point to the higher TPC (1038 mg gallic acid equivalents per kg of honey) and the stronger RSA (3.32 mmol Trolox equivalents per kg of honey) compared to the other monofloral honeys. Due to the presence of large quantities of polyphenolic compounds, strawberry tree honey may have great potential as a health promoting food.

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Plicosepalin A, a new antioxidant catechin–gallic acid derivative of inositol from the mistletoe Plicosepalus curviflorus

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2015-0231 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (11-12) ◽

pp. 375-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jihan M. Badr ◽

Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim ◽

Dina R. Abou-Hussein

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Acid Derivative ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Spectroscopic Analyses ◽

Phytochemical Investigation ◽

Reported Data ◽

Diffusion Assay ◽

C Nmr

Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the semi-parasitic plant, Plicosepalus curviflorus (Loranthaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia resulted in the isolation of a new catechin–gallic acid derivative of inositol, plicosepalin A (1) [(+) catechin-4′-O-(1″-O-galloyl-5″-O-methyl)-myo-inositol], along with seven known compounds: methyl gallate (2), catechin (3), quercetin (4), gallic acid (5), lupeol (6), β-sitosterol (7), and ursolic acid (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, ESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, and HMBC, as well as comparison with reported data. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of 1 were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the disc diffusion assay, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 9.0 ± 0.27 μM. Moreover, significant activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were recorded.

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