scholarly journals Strategies to Connect Low-income Communities With the Proposed Sewerage Network of the Dhaka Sanitation Improvement Project, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Assessment of the Perspectives of Policymakers and Residents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbub-Ul Alam ◽  
Fazle Sharior ◽  
Sharika Ferdous ◽  
Atik Ahsan ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Sewerage Network

Globally, 2.2 billion urban residents are living without safely-managed sanitation, the majority of whom are slum residents. To improve the situation, Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is implementing the Dhaka Sanitation Improvement Project (DSIP), mostly funded by the World Bank. This study assessed the feasibility of connecting low-income communities (LICs) within the proposed sewerage network by 2025. We conducted nine key-informant interviews from DWASA and City Corporation, and 23 focus-group discussions with landlords, tenants and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) from 16 LICs near the proposed catchment area. To achieve connections, LICs would require improved toilet infrastructures and have to be connected to main roads. Construction of large communal septic tanks is also required where individual toilet connections are difficult. To encourage connection in LICs, income-based or area-based subsidies were recommended. For financing maintenance, respondents suggested monthly fee collection for management of the infrastructure by dividing bill equally among sharing households, or by users per household. Participants also suggested the government's cooperation with development-partners/NGOs to ensure sewerage connection construction, operation and maintenance and prerequisite policy changes such as assuring land tenure.

scholarly journals Strategies to Connect Low-Income Communities with the Proposed Sewerage Network of the Dhaka Sanitation Improvement Project, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Assessment of the Perspectives of Stakeholders

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7201
Author(s):  
Mahbub-Ul Alam ◽  
Fazle Sharior ◽  
Sharika Ferdous ◽  
Atik Ahsan ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Sewerage Network

In Bangladesh, approximately 31% of urban residents are living without safely managed sanitation, the majority of whom are slum residents. To improve the situation, Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is implementing the Dhaka Sanitation Improvement Project (DSIP), mostly funded by the World Bank. This study assessed the challenges and opportunities of bringing low-income communities (LICs) under a sewerage connection within the proposed sewerage network plan by 2025. We conducted nine key-informant interviews from DWASA and City Corporation, and 23 focus-group discussions with landlords, tenants, and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) from 16 LICs near the proposed catchment area. To achieve connections, LICs would require improved toilet infrastructures and have to be connected to main roads. Construction of large communal septic tanks is also required where individual toilet connections are difficult. To encourage connection in LICs, income-based or area-based subsidies were recommended. For financing maintenance, respondents suggested monthly fee collection for management of the infrastructure by dividing bills equally among sharing households, or by users per household. Participants also suggested the government’s cooperation with development-partners/NGOs to ensure sewerage connection construction, operation, and maintenance and prerequisite policy changes such as assuring land tenure.

scholarly journals Small-holder farmers' access and rights to land: the case of Njombé in the littoral region of Cameroon

Afrika Focus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Gyau ◽  
Awah Ngum Faith ◽  
Divine Fondjem-Tita ◽  
Nji Ajaga ◽  
Deliah Catacutan
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Small Holder

In Cameroon, agriculture constitutes the main livelihood for a large portion of the population. Against this background, land tenure security is of crucial importance for agricultural production and off-farm activities. This article aims to foster understanding of small-holder farmers’ access to land in the Njombé-Penja district of Cameroon. Data was collected using focus group discussions with small-holders, key informant interviews, eld observations and formal surveys. Results indicate that the current land tenure situation often limits small-holder farmers’ access to productive land. This often results in conflicts between various actors including plantation agriculture, rural elites and research institutions, and hence threatens small-holders’ security for food and livelihoods. We conclude that there is a need to revisit existing policies for land allocation to multinational companies in order to protect small-holder producers’ rights and security, and to harmonize the various tenure systems as a means to avoid competing claims among various actors. Key words: land tenure, small holder, rights, access 

scholarly journals Complexity in Implementing Community Drowning Reduction Programs in Southern Bangladesh: A Process Evaluation Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhavi Gupta ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
Kamran ul Baset ◽  
Rebecca Ivers ◽  
Anthony Zwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Depth Interviews

Living and geographical conditions in Bangladesh expose children to a high risk of drowning. Two programs operating in the Barishal Division of Bangladesh aim to reduce drowning risk through the provision of crèches (Anchal) and swim and rescue classes (SwimSafe). Anchal provides a safe environment with early childhood education to children aged 1–5 years old, while SwimSafe teaches children aged 6–10 years old basic swimming and rescue skills. Despite evidence for their effectiveness, it is unclear under which conditions these programs best operate. This protocol describes a project that seeks to conduct a process evaluation and gender analysis to identify implementation inefficiencies and contextual considerations for improved sustainability of the programs. A mixed- method approach using both qualitative and quantitative data will be used. Quantitative program data will be analysed to measure program utilisation, delivery and reach, while qualitative data will be collected via key informant in-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs) and observations. The process evaluation of the Anchal and SwimSafe programs provides an opportunity for implementers to identify practical strategies to improve program delivery and improve contextual adaptability of these programs. Furthermore, the findings may provide guidance to other implementers aiming to deliver community-based programs in rural lower-middle income contexts.

Acceptability of Community-Based Growth Monitoring in a Rural Village in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Faber ◽  
Michael A. S. Phungula ◽  
Jane D. Kvalsvig ◽  
A. J. Spinnler Benadé ◽  
Helen Young
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
One Year

In rural areas, a lack of infrastructure often limits the promotion and implementation of community-based nutrition activities. Growth monitoring can potentially provide a platform for the promotion and implementation of community-based nutrition activities, provided that the growth-monitoring program has a high coverage. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability of a community-based growth-monitoring project in terms of child attendance and maternal attitude. The study was done in a mountainous rural village that lacks health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Attendance registers from 1996 to 2000 were used to determine the attendance ratio, coverage, adequacy of growth monitoring, and frequency distribution of the age of participating children. In 2001, focus group discussions were used for the qualitative assessment of maternal attitudes. The community-based growth-monitoring project had an estimated coverage of 90%, at least 60% of these children were covered adequately, and attendance was equally distributed over one-year-interval age categories for children aged five years and younger. Community-based growth monitoring can therefore provide a suitable platform for the promotion and implementation of community-based nutrition activities.

Barriers to Healthful Eating and Supplement Use In Lower-income Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
Hassanali Vatanparast ◽  
Jeff G. Taylor ◽  
Jennifer L. Adolphe
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Key Informant

Purpose: We investigated barriers to healthful eating and vitamin/mineral supplement use among groups at risk for low nutrient intakes, particularly those with low income. Methods: Twelve focus groups (73 participants) and 11 key informant interviews were conducted in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Focus group participants represented a diverse population. Key informants included health professionals and personnel from community-based organizations who worked in a lowincome area. Focus group meetings and key informant interviews were audiotaped and transcribed; thematic coding was used to identify key concepts. Results: The focus groups and interviews revealed five themes on barriers to healthful eating and to the use of vitamin/mineral supplements: knowledge, income, accessibility, health, and preferences. Key informants were aware of the barriers, and were able to see not only individual and family reasons but also societal influences. Conclusions: The study results provide valuable information for focusing efforts on reducing barriers to healthful eating and to appropriate vitamin/mineral supplement use.

scholarly journals Lay Health Workers in Community-based Care and Management of Dementia: a ‘Pre’ and ‘Post’ Pilot Intervention Study in Southwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine K Karungi ◽  
Edith K Wakida ◽  
Godfrey Z Rukundo ◽  
Zohray M Talib ◽  
Jessica E Haberer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Lay Health Workers ◽  
Community Based ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Specific Support ◽  
Pilot Intervention ◽  
Southwestern Uganda

Abstract Background: The global need for efficient and cost-effective use of healthcare resources in low-income countries has led to the introduction of lay health workers (LHWs) as a link of the community to the formal health care services, especially in remote areas. As such, the LHWs perform a variety of tasks such as patient care, education, support for care delivery, and social support across all disease types. However, little is known about their ability to support dementia care and management in the community. Purpose: The goal of the pilot intervention study was to evaluate the ability of LHWs in rural southwestern Uganda to support community-based care and management for people with dementia. Methods: This was a ‘pre’ and ‘post’ pilot intervention study which involved a qualitative assessment of LHWs’ knowledge on community-based management and care for people with dementia. The pilot intervention focused on four core competency domains in the WHO dementia toolkit. It began with a five-day training of the LHWs, followed by eight weeks of implementation of knowledge and skills gained during the training, and an evaluation of their experiences. Analysis focused on apriori themes i.e., needs assessment, early detection and management, community engagement, and support for people with dementia; as well as evaluation of the eight-weeks implementation. Results: Before the training, the LHWs did not know much about dementia and provided no dementia-specific support in the community. Activities were limited to general support, including sanitation, nutrition, and health education. After the training, LHWs had a basic understanding of dementia and began sensitizing their communities. They provided dementia-specific support, although they had challenges in differentiating the signs of early dementia from superstitious beliefs. They felt more comfortable in handling people with dementia and reported a notable change in the attitude of family members towards people with symptoms of dementia. Conclusion: Results from the pilot intervention study showed that, with enhanced capacity, LHWs may be able to support community-based management for people with dementia. A larger study is needed to confirm these findings and further assess effectiveness of the LHWs’ skills.

scholarly journals Multilevel Pathways of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Low-Income Vietnamese Americans: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110110
Author(s):  
Grace X. Ma ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Timmy R. Lin ◽  
Yin Tan ◽  
Phuong Do
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Vietnamese Americans ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Crc Screening

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately affects Vietnamese Americans, especially those with low income and were born outside of the United States. CRC screening tests are crucial for prevention and early detection. Despite the availability of noninvasive, simple-to-conduct tests, CRC screening rates in Asian Americans, particularly Vietnamese Americans, remain suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interplay of multilevel factors – individual, interpersonal, and community – on CRC screening behaviors among low-income Vietnamese Americans with limited English proficiency. Methods: This study is based on the Sociocultural Health Behavior Model, a research-based model that incorporates 6 factors associated with decision-making and health-seeking behaviors that result in health care utilization. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we recruited 801 Vietnamese Americans from community-based organizations. We administered a survey to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and CRC screening-related factors. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify direct and indirect predictors of lifetime CRC screening. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that a greater number of respondents who never screened for CRC reported limited English proficiency, fewer years of US residency, and lower self-efficacy related to CRC screening. The SEM model identified self-efficacy (coefficient = 0.092, P < .01) as the only direct predictor of lifetime CRC screening. Educational attainment (coefficient = 0.13, P < .01) and health beliefs (coefficient = 0.040, P < .001) had a modest significant positive relationship with self-efficacy. Health beliefs (coefficient = 0.13, P < .001) and educational attainment (coefficient = 0.16, P < .01) had significant positive relationships with CRC knowledge. Conclusions: To increase CRC screening uptake in medically underserved Vietnamese American populations, public health interventions should aim to increase community members’ confidence in their abilities to screen for CRC and to navigate associated processes, including screening preparation, discussions with doctors, and emotional complications.

scholarly journals Drivers and barriers to workplace-based HIV self-testing among high-risk men in Uganda: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience A. Muwanguzi ◽  
Robert C. Bollinger ◽  
Stuart C. Ray ◽  
LaRon E. Nelson ◽  
Noah Kiwanuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Private Security Companies ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Security Companies

Abstract Background Men in Sub-Saharan Africa are less engaged than women in accessing HIV testing and treatment and, consequently, experience higher HIV-related mortality. Reaching men with HIV testing services is challenging, thus, increasing the need for innovative ways to engage men with low access and those at higher risk. In this study, we explore men’s perceptions of drivers and barriers of workplace-based HIV self-testing in Uganda. Methods An exploratory study involving men working in private security companies employing more than 50 men in two districts, in central and western Uganda. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results Forty-eight (48) men from eight private security companies participated in 5 focus group discussions and 17 key informant interviews. Of the 48 men, 14(29.2%) were ages 26–35 years. The majority 31(64.6%) were security guards. The drivers reported for workplace-based HIV self-testing included convenience, autonomy, positive influence from work colleagues, the need for alternative access for HIV testing services, incentives, and involvement of employers. The barriers reported were the prohibitive cost of HIV tests, stigma, lack of testing support, the fear of discrimination and isolation, and concerns around decreased work productivity in the event of a reactive self-test. Conclusions We recommend the involvement of employers in workplace-based HIV self-testing to encourage participation by employees. There is need for HIV self-testing support both during and after the testing process. Both employers and employees recommend the use of non-monetary incentives, and regular training about HIV self-testing to increase the uptake and acceptability of HIV testing services at the workplace.

“I Want to Advocate for Our Kids”: How Community-Based Organizations Broker College Enrollment for Underrepresented Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 001312452110045
Author(s):  
Irma Y. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
College Enrollment ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
Student College ◽  
Community Based Organization

This exploratory study examines the role community-based organizations have in bridging low-income students of color to postsecondary institutions. Data came from interviews with organization staff, high school students, and college students associated with three distinct community-based organizations located in a mid-size city. The findings suggest that organization staff are well-positioned in youth, academic, and community social networks. Staff become social brokers across these networks through three steps: cultivating authentic and safe relationships, lessons from students, and becoming advocates. Community-based organization staff strategically advocate for underrepresented student college enrollment and admissions by serving as social brokers between students, schools, and their communities.

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