Colour Fixation Strategies on Sustainable Polybutylene Succinate Using Biobased Itaconic Acid

BioPBS is gaining attention in the biodegradable polymer market due to their promising properties such as high biodegradability and processing versatility representing a potential sustainable replacement for fossil oil-based commodities. However, there is still a need to enhance its properties for certain applications, being aesthetical and mechanical properties a challenge. The aim of the present work is to improve these properties by adding selected additives that will confer bioPBS with comparable properties to that of current counterparts such as polypropylene (PP) for specific applications in the automotive and household appliances sectors. A total of thirteen materials have been studied and compared, being twelve biocomposites containing combinations of three different additives: a commercial red colourant, itaconic acid (IA) to enhance colour fixation and zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles to maintain at least native PBS mechanical properties. Results show that the combination of IA and the colouring agent tends to slightly yellowish the blend due to the absorbance spectra of IA and also to modify the gloss due to the formation of IA nanocrystals that affects light scattering. In addition, for low amounts of IA (4wt.%), young modulus seems to be kept while elongation at break is even raised. Unexpectedly, a strong aging affect was found after 4 weeks. IA increases the hydrophilic behaviour of the samples and thus seems to accelerate the hydrolisation of the matrix, which is accompanied by an accused disaggregation of phases and an overall softening and rigidization effect. The addition of low amounts of ZrO2 (2wt.%) seems to provide the desired effect for hardening the surface while almost not affecting the other properties; however, higher amounts tends to form aggregates saturating the compounds. As a conclusion, IA might be a good candidate for colour fixing in biobased polymers.

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Color Fixation Strategies on Sustainable Poly-Butylene Succinate Using Biobased Itaconic Acid

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13010079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Lidia G. Quiles ◽

Julio Vidal ◽

Francesca Luzi ◽

Franco Dominici ◽

Ángel Fernández Cuello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Itaconic Acid ◽

The Other ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Biobased Polymers ◽

Hydrophilic Behavior ◽

The Matrix ◽

Absorbance Spectra

Biopo-lybutylene succinate (bioPBS) is gaining attention in the biodegradable polymer market due to its promising properties, such as high biodegradability and processing versatility, representing a potential sustainable replacement for fossil-based commodities. However, there is still a need to enhance its properties for certain applications, with aesthetical and mechanical properties being a challenge. The aim of the present work is to improve these properties by adding selected additives that will confer bioPBS with comparable properties to that of current counterparts such as polypropylene (PP) for specific applications in the automotive and household appliances sectors. A total of thirteen materials have been studied and compared, being twelve biocomposites containing combinations of three different additives: a commercial red colorant, itaconic acid (IA) to enhance color fixation and zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles to maintain at least native PBS mechanical properties. The results show that the combination of IA and the coloring agent tends to slightly yellowish the blend due to the absorbance spectra of IA and also to modify the gloss due to the formation of IA nanocrystals that affects light scattering. In addition, for low amounts of IA (4 wt %), Young’s Modulus seems to be kept while elongation at break is even raised. Unexpectedly, a strong aging affect was found after four weeks. IA increases the hydrophilic behavior of the samples and thus seems to accelerate the hydrolization of the matrix, which is accompanied by an accused disaggregation of phases and an overall softening and rigidization effect. The addition of low amounts of ZrO2 (2 wt %) seems to provide the desired effect for hardening the surface while almost not affecting the other properties; however, higher amounts tends to form aggregates saturating the compounds. As a conclusion, IA might be a good candidate for color fixing in biobased polymers.

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About the Mechanical Properties for Composites Reinforced with Felt

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.42.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Alexandru Ioan Rădoi ◽

Cosmin Mihai Miriţoiu ◽

Alexandru Bolcu ◽

Valeriu Ionică ◽

Alina Elena Romanescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Young Modulus ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

The Matrix ◽

Static Mechanical ◽

Static Mechanical Properties ◽

Made In

In this paper we present some researches about the static mechanical properties for some composites made in this way: the reinforcement is made from two types of felt and the matrix is from epoxy resin Resoltech 1050 with its hardener Resoltech 1055. There are built some plates from felt/epoxy resin and from these plates there are cut some samples. The samples are tensile loaded on an universal testing machine Instron 1000 HDX which is assisted by a BlueHill software. There are determined the next mechanical properties: Young modulus, yield strength, elongation at break and breaking strength. By using an optical microscope, there are presented some images with the breaking sections.

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A Study Regarding the Mechanical Properties of a Hybrid Matrix with Various Volume Proportions of Dammar

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.20.1.5320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Dumitru Bolcu ◽

Marius Marinel Stanescu ◽

Ion Ciuca ◽

Cosmin Mihai Miritoiu ◽

Alin Dinita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Vibration Mode ◽

Vibration Damping ◽

The Other ◽

Damping Properties ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Hybrid Resin ◽

Natural Resin ◽

Volume Proportion

This paper studies the influence of the volume proportion between components on the mechanical behaviour of a hybrid resin obtained by combining the natural resin Dammar and epoxy resin. We analyse three sets of hybrid resin samples, in which we used a Dammar volume proportion of 60%, 70%, and 80% respectively and epoxy resin (employed together with its associated reinforcement in order to generate a quick process of polymerization). Following the tensile test we found the characteristic curves, the tensile strength and the elongation at break for each of the three types of resins. We also looked into the vibration damping properties of bars made of this resin. We experimentally determined the frequency and the damping coefficient of the first particular vibration mode for one bar taken out of each set of resins, with one end fixed and the other free. On the basis of the results, we calculated the loss coefficient for each type of resin.

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Studies on the Mechanical Properties of Foam CB-PVC Composite

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.681.256 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 681 ◽

pp. 256-259

Author(s):

Xiu Qi Liu ◽

He Qin Xing ◽

Li Li Zhao ◽

Dan Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Mechanical Index ◽

Melt Blending ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Foam Composite ◽

The Matrix ◽

System Prototype ◽

Made In

In our study, a new kind of foam composite was prepared by melt blending with PVC as the matrix and carbon black (CB) as the filler, the standard-spline was made in the dumbbell system prototype. Tensile strength and elongation at break were measured at 25°C。When the CB was added greater than 2.0%, with the increase of CB added, the determination of sample mechanical index began to decline, when the CB content was greater than 9%, tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites remained basically unchanged.

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Thermal and Mechanical properties of epoxy-jute fiber composite

Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.3329/jce.v27i2.17807 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H Ahmad ◽

MA Islam ◽

MF Uddin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Young Modulus ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Jute Fiber ◽

Elongation At Break

Chopped jute fiber-epoxy composites with varying fiber length (2-12 mm) and mass fraction (0.05-0.35) had been prepared by a heat press unit. The cross-linked product was characterized in terms of specific gravity, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break. The transverse thermal conductivities for randomly oriented fibers in the composite were investigated by Lees and Charltons method. The tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break were investigated by a Universal Tensile Tester. With an increase in the fiber content (irrespective of the fiber length), the thermal conductivity of the composite decreases; the decreasing rate being highest for the fiber length of 2 mm followed by that for the fiber length of 6 and 12 mm. The decreasing rate of the thermal conductivity of the jute-epoxy composite is comparatively higher to that reported in literature for acrylic polymer hemp fiber composite. The tensile strength also decreases with the increase of the fiber content in the composite. The fiber length does not show to have significant effect on the tensile strength of the composite; the variation in strength being masked within experimental error. The Young modulus increases with the increase of fiber content within elastic limit; showing the highest values for the fiber length of 6 mm followed by those for the fiber length of 2 mm and 12 mm. The elongation at break shows slightly increasing trend up to 15% fiber content, but beyond that it decreases drastically. The specific gravity decreases with the increase in the fiber content and thus the recalculated specific tensile strength is found to keep at a stable level of 36MPa up to the fiber content of 20%, and beyond that the specific tensile strength decreases with the increase in the fiber content. It is concluded that jute fiber-epoxy composite could be used as a good heat-insulating material. Further investigation is recommended on the improvement of the thermal insulation keeping the mechanical properties unchanged or even improved. The TGA study is also required to ascertain the field of application of the material. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17807 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 77-82

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Modification of Collagen Properties with Ferulic Acid

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13153419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beata Kaczmarek ◽

Katarzyna Lewandowska ◽

Alina Sionkowska

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Apparent Viscosity ◽

Young Modulus ◽

Shear Tests ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Collagen Solution ◽

Significant Difference

Collagen materials are widely used in biomedicine and in cosmetics. However, their properties require improvement for several reasons. In this work, collagen solution as well as collagen films were modified by the addition of ferulic acid (FA). Thin collagen films containing FA were obtained by solvent evaporation. The properties of collagen solution have been studied by steady shear tests. The structure and surface properties of collagen thin films were studied. It was found that for collagen solution with 5% addition of FA, the apparent viscosity was the highest, whereas the collagen solutions with other additions of FA (1%, 2%, and 10%), no significant difference in the apparent viscosity was observed. Thin films prepared from collagen with 1 and 2% FA addition were homogeneous, whereas films with 5% and 10% FA showed irregularity in the surface properties. Mechanical properties, such as maximum tensile strength and elongation at break, were significantly higher for films with 10% FA than for films with smaller amount of FA. Young modulus was similar for films with 1% and 10% FA addition, but bigger than for 2% and 5% of FA in collagen films. The cross-linking of collagen with ferulic acid meant that prepared thin films were elastic with better mechanical properties than collagen films.

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Correlation between Porosity and Electrical-Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper with Various Porosities

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2015/945091 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ling Liu ◽

Qiaoxin Yang ◽

Jingwen Shen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

The Other ◽

Positive Pressure ◽

Filtration Method ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Conductive Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

Electrical Conductivities

Porous carbon nanotube (CNT) buckypapers (BPs) with various porosities were obtained by using a positive pressure filtration method. The porosity of the BPs fell into a wide range of 11.3–39.3%. Electrical conductivities and tensile mechanical properties of the prepared BPs were then measured and correlated with the porosity of the CNT BPs. Results demonstrated that the conductivities, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the BPs could decrease by increasing their porosity. The elongation at break of the BPs on the other hand did increase significantly, suggesting improved toughness of the BPs. The obtained electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the porous BPs can reach nearly 0.6 S/m and 26 MPa, respectively, which may be potentially useful in composites reinforcement and conductive materials.

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A Facile Method to Fabricate Anisotropic Extracellular Matrix with 3D Printing Topological Microfibers

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12233944 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 3944 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhen Gu ◽

Zili Gao ◽

Wenli Liu ◽

Yongqiang Wen ◽

Qi Gu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Fiber Direction ◽

Gelatin Matrix ◽

Simple Method ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽

The Matrix ◽

3D Printed

Natural tissues and organs have different requirements regarding the mechanical characteristics of response. It is still a challenge to achieve biomaterials with anisotropic mechanical properties using an extracellular matrix with biological activity. We have improved the ductility and modulus of the gelatin matrix using 3D printed gelatin microfibers with different concentrations and topologies and, at the same, time achieved anisotropic mechanical properties. We successfully printed flat microfibers using partially cross-linked gelatin. We modified the 10% (w/v) gelatin matrix with microfibers consisting of a gelatin concentration of 14% (w/v), increasing the modulus to about three times and the elongation at break by 39% in parallel with the fiber direction. At the same time, it is found that the microfiber topology can effectively change the matrix ductility, and changing the modulus of the gelatin used in the microfiber can effectively change the matrix modulus. These findings provide a simple method for obtaining active biological materials that are closer to a physiological environment.

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PLA-Based Biodegradable Copolyester Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Mechanical Properties

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.290 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 380 ◽

pp. 290-293

Author(s):

Bing Tao Wang ◽

Ping Zhang ◽

De Gao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Butylene Terephthalate ◽

The Matrix ◽

Different Characteristics

In situ melt copolycondensation was proposed to prepare biodegradable copolyester nanocomposites based on degradable components poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA), rigid segments poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and nanoparticles polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). The morphologies and dispersions of two POSS nanoparticles (POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG) in the copolyester PLABT matrix and their effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the morphologies and dispersions of POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG showed quite different characteristics. POSS-PEG took better dispersion in the PLABT, while POSS-NH2 had poor dispersions and formed crystalline microaggregates. Due to the good dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion of POSS-PEG with the matrix, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus were greatly improved from 6.4 and 9.6 MPa for neat PLABT up to 11.2 and 70.7 MPa for PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite. Moreover, the incorporation of POSS-PEG could impart macromolecular chains good flexibility and improve the mobility of the chains, so the the elongation at break of PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite dramatically increased from 190 to 350 % compared with neat PLABT.

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Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposite Films with Hybrid Fillers

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2080 (1) ◽

pp. 012011

Author(s):

Di Sheng Lai ◽

Sinar Arzuria Adnan ◽

Azlin Fazlina Osman ◽

Ismail Ibrahim ◽

Hazrul Haq

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Composite Films ◽

Thermoplastic Starch ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Biocomposite Films ◽

Hybrid Fillers ◽

The Matrix ◽

Dry Food

Abstract Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was studied extensively to replace conventional plastic in packaging application. In this study, granule corn starch was first plasticized with water and glycerol to form TPS films and two different fillers were incorporated with TPS to form hybrid biocomposite films (TPSB). Two different fillers: Microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and Nano bentonite (NB) fixed at 1: 4 ratios in various loading (1wt%-6wt%) were incorporated in TPS to study effect of hybrid fillers on the mechanical properties of TPSB films. The effect of different loading of MC/NB on TPSB films was investigated through the structural, morphological and mechanical testing. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) shows TPS matrix and hybrid fillers are highly compatible due to hydroxyl bonding and verified through the shifting of spectra band. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed even distribution of fillers in the matrix of TPS. The TPSB films exhibited significant improvement 40% in elongation at break compared to pure TPS films. In this study, 5wt% is best loading of the hybrid fillers to incorporated in TPSB films as it achieved the highest value of tensile strength (8.52MPa), Young’s Modulus (42.0 MPa) and elongation at break (116.3%). Generally, previous studies showed flexibility of TPS composite films reduced with incorporating filler, however in this study, the flexibility TPSB show significant improvement compared to previous studies and exhibit promising potential in dry food packaging application.

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