scholarly journals Food Security, Environmental Health, and the Economy in Mexico: Lessons Learned with the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Monroy-Torres PhD ◽  
Erika Carcaño-Valencia ◽  
Marco Hernández-Luna ◽  
Alex Caldera-Ortega ◽  
Alma Serafín- Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Climate Change Management ◽  
The Right

In Mexico, it is estimated that due to the economic system the overexploitation of natural resources, environmental impacts and health have been generated, with high rates of overweight and obesity. This review analyzes the impacts on food safety, environmental health, and the economy in Mexico before and during the COVID-19 contingency. Derived from the analysis, among the lessons learned we can include: the health contingency due to COVID-19 had negative repercussions on food security, environmental health and the economy, which require the promotion of public policies (health, environment and economy) and migrate to a health prevention system and an agroecological model, which includes multidisciplinary and intersectoral interventions (government, academia, researchers, civil society organizations, business groups and citizens themselves) to reform and enforce the right to enjoy adequate food and a healthy environment. The contingency due to COVID19 has shown us that this must go from an ideology to being a reality and the lessons learned will have to focus on promoting an innovative and ethical culture of generating an economy, with a gender balance, resilience to climate change, management transparent technology and a priority in health and this will lead to progress in the food security of the population.

scholarly journals Food Security, Environmental Health, and the Economy in Mexico: Lessons Learned with the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7470
Author(s):  
Rebeca Monroy-Torres ◽  
Ángela Castillo-Chávez ◽  
Erika Carcaño-Valencia ◽  
Marco Hernández-Luna ◽  
Alex Caldera-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Mesh Terms

The COVID-19 pandemic showed an impact mainly on the health of people and the economy of households. The levels of food security in the world’s households, especially in Mexico, have decreased. When people do not have food security, their health is compromised and they have financial problems; on the other hand, environmental deterioration has a link with food security. The purpose of this review is to analysis of the current situation in Mexico of food security, environmental health and economy, the main lessons learned in these areas and their proposals integrating public policies. A review was carried out in the main databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts y PAIS Index) with the following keywords and according to the MeSH terms: Food security, food insecurity, environmental health, public policies, environmental, production, integrating the word COVID-19 in English and Spanish. Only 44.5% of Mexican households presented food security. For food insecurity, 22.6% had moderate and severe food insecurity, while 32.9% had mild insecurity. Food insecurity and the health impacts of environmental origin (waste management during the coronavirus pandemic, water contaminated by bacteria, viruses, and toxins; air pollution) generates impacts on economic activity by not offering food that meets health regulations. Without the application of cost-effective measures and interventions for the prevention and control of patients with obesity, the direct costs for 2023 will amount to 9 million dollars, which worsens the household economy. Despite having laws and policies on the right to food, a healthy environment (water), and opportunities for economic growth, these human rights are not fulfilled. The conclusion is that it is necessary to use a health and agroecological model to promote public policies (health, environment, and economy) that aims to prevent the discussed issues, with multidisciplinary and intersectoral interventions (government, academia, researchers, civil society organizations, industry, and population). This upholds the human right that all people should enjoy an adequate, healthy environment and have access to high-quality food.

“Lhaka Honhat Association v. Argentina”: Landmark decision on direct justiciability of Article 26 ACHR and the autonomous right to a healthy environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-506
Author(s):  
Margret Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The Right ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Scope Of Protection

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), after 28 years of conflict with the Argentine state, finally ruled in favor of the rights of the indigenous communities of Salta, Argentina. The Court condemned Argentina for violating the right of these indigenous communities to their cultural identity, a healthy environment, and adequate food and water. The Court ordered specific action in Argentina for the restitution of those rights, including urgently needed access to food and water, reforestation and the recovery of indigenous culture. Lhaka Honhat is a landmark judgment for the IACtHR sets a precedent concerning the direct justiciability of Article 26 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). This is the first ruling by this Court to independently analyze the human right to a healthy environment. “Lhaka Honhat” establishes clearer rules for State actions concerning the principle of prevention of environmental damage caused by private individuals and establishes guidelines for restitution and compensation for the violation of indigenous (collective) rights when their natural resources are affected. A more comprehensive reading of the scope of protection under Article 26 in future court cases is likely.

scholarly journals Broken promises: a rights-based analysis of marginalised livelihoods and experiences of food insecurity in large-scale land investments in Tanzania

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atenchong Talleh Nkobou ◽  
Andrew Ainslie ◽  
Stefanie Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
The Right ◽  
Livelihoods Framework

AbstractProponents of large-scale land investments (LSLI) still promote them as a development opportunity, which can lead, among other benefits, to job creation and enhanced food security for local communities. However, there is increasing evidence that these investments often deprive affected communities of their access to land, with multiple negative impacts on livelihoods, food security and on the environment. This paper relies on empirical data to present an analysis of LSLI and food (in)security – crucially at the level of individuals in two villages in the Ruvuma region, Tanzania, over 10 years after the acquisition of village land within the Southern African Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT). We introduce an innovative framework that permits an integration of a rights-based approach with the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to explore smallholders’ livelihoods and experiences of food insecurity. Our paper demonstrates how this integration, along with attention we have given to the FAO’s PANTHER principles, adds the missing yet crucial dimension of accountability on the part of national governments as duty bearers. Our findings show that in the case of these two villages, the human rights principles of participation, accountability, transparency and empowerment are severely undermined, with women bearing the brunt in all these domains. This overall state of affairs is, we argue, due to inadequate monitoring and evaluation of LSLI processes themselves and low levels of commitment on the part of institutions in Tanzania to monitor the promises made by investors. This in turn demonstrates an accountability deficit on the part of duty-bearers within LSLIs, and limited capacity of affected community members to claim their rights. Individual food insecurity experience in the two communities correlates, among other characteristics, with lack of land ownership, employment and income-generating activities. The rights-based livelihoods framework applied in this study points to serious deficiencies in the LSLI model as presently endorsed in SAGCOT, and emphasises the fact that access to land in Tanzania is a precondition for the realisation of the right to adequate food and thus a critical requirement for achieving and maintaining food and nutrition security. We conclude by arguing that progressive coalitions within and beyond national states must devise policies and institutions that empower individuals and civil society actors to make demands on their governments to respect, protect and fulfil their obligations regarding the legally enforceable right to food.

scholarly journals LOS DERECHOS A UN AMBIENTE SANO, A LA ALIMENTACIÓN ADECUADA, AL AGUA Y A LA IDENTIDAD CULTURAL. CASO COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS MIEMBROS DE LA ASOCIACIÓN LHAKA HONHAT (NUESTRA TIERRA) VS. ARGENTINA ANTE LA CIDH.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-355
Author(s):  
Fanny Verónica Mora Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Identidad Cultural ◽  
The Right

The case Lhaka Honhat (Our Land) is the first in the IACHR related with the claim of the indigenous communities in Argentina. The final decision of the case was stated the 6th of February 2020. The IACHR considered that the State is responsible for the violation of the right of participate in a cultural life, contained in the cultural identity, to a healthy environment, appropriate nutrition and water, stated in the article 26 of the American Convention on Human Rights. This is the first precedent regarding social rights and indigenous peoples. The investigation will address: the importance and progress of the resolutions of the IACHR, related with indigenous peoples; the main judgments that support the differentiated analysis of civil and political rights regarding economic, social and cultural rights; and the rights to a healthy environment, to adequate food, to water and to cultural identity and peculiarities in relation to indigenous peoples

scholarly journals Starving Millions and Right to Food

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Sai Teja Vangala ◽  
Anshuman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Buffer Stock ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Right to food is a basic human right. In India, with increase in population the demand for food is on the rise. Providing adequate food to the teeming millions has been a challenge for the government. This paper explores the origin of right to food while placing the emphasis on the realisation of the right in its true sense. It argues that the state has failed to secure adequate food to its citizenry because of its misplaced priorities and lack of political will. It calls for strengthening of public distribution system and buffer stock to guarantee adequate food security to people.

scholarly journals Bringing home the right to food in Canada: challenges and possibilities for achieving food security

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Rideout ◽  
Graham Riches ◽  
Aleck Ostry ◽  
Don Buckingham ◽  
Rod MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The Right ◽  
Social Safety Nets

AbstractWe offer a critique of Canada's approach to domestic food security with respect to international agreements, justiciability and case law, the breakdown of the public safety net, the institutionalisation of charitable approaches to food insecurity, and the need for ‘joined-up’ food and nutrition policies. We examined Canada's commitments to the right to food, as well as Canadian policies, case law and social trends, in order to assess Canada's performance with respect to the human right to food. We found that while Canada has been a leader in signing international human rights agreements, including those relating to the right to food, domestic action has lagged and food insecurity increased. We provide recommendations for policy changes that could deal with complex issues of state accountability, social safety nets and vulnerable populations, and joined-up policy frameworks that could help realise the right to adequate food in Canada and other developed nations.

The Amsterdam Healthy Weight Approach: A whole systems approach for tackling child obesity in cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K den Hertog ◽  
V Busch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Child Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Whole Systems

Abstract In search for successful overweight and obesity prevention, extensive research has shown that programs focused on individual behavior change are not effective enough. Many of the underlying determinants of overweight and obesity have social, environmental and economic origins, and extend even beyond the influence of the health sector and public health. This calls for a whole systems approach that covers a multi-sectoral, multi-stakeholder collaboration, where communities, professionals, government and industry are involved and are all part of the solution. The Amsterdam Healthy Weight Approach (AHWA), initiated in 2012, is a local government led approach that has the objective to encourage healthy weight for children in a healthy environment. With a long-term vision, aimed at lasting change, the AHWA aims at developing interventions, changing policies and educating and informing both professionals and target groups within the communities that are most heavily burdened with the issue of child obesity (and related complex health/wellbeing issues). The strength of the AHWA lies in adopting a whole systems approach (WSA), in which the key is, to collaborate in an integrated, multi-level, multi sectoral way, with a variety of stakeholders from within and outside the field of public health. The aim of the presentation is to inform participants from cities around the globe about the success factors, lessons learned and valuable elements of implementing the AHWA, and to provide tools which they can use in discussing their own approaches and bring these to a higher level of effectiveness

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