Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa Destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl ◽  
Jorge Rivera-Gomis ◽  
Ivana Tlak Gajger ◽  
Jernej Bubnič ◽  
Gabriela Talakić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Varroa Control

VarroMed® is a soft acaricide registered for honey bees on the European Union market since 2017 for Varroa control. Researchers involved were partners of different countries of the Varroa control task force of COLOSS Association. Our goal was to evaluate performances (acaricide efficacy and toxic effects on honey bees) of VarroMed® in different climatic conditions. Our results in the tested apiaries showed an efficacy ranging from 71.2 to 89.3 % in summer/autumn, and from 71.8 % to 95.6 % in winter. No toxic effects on bees were observed, except in one apiary, where severe cold climatic conditions played a crucial role. The treatment could be efficiently applied in brood right as well as in broodless colonies. Integrated pest management (IPM) recommendations for bee-keepers are provided in order to apply the best Varroa control protocol.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8564
Author(s):  
Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl ◽  
Jorge Rivera-Gomis ◽  
Ivana Tlak Gajger ◽  
Jernej Bubnič ◽  
Gabriela Talakić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Varroa Control

VarroMed® is a soft acaricide registered for honey bees on the European Union market since 2017 for Varroa control. Researchers involved were partners of different countries of the Varroa control task force of the COLOSS Association. Our goal was to evaluate performances (acaricide efficacy and toxic effects on honey bees) of VarroMed® in different climatic conditions. Our results in the tested apiaries showed an efficacy ranging from 71.2 to 89.3% in summer/autumn, and from 71.8 to 95.6% in winter. No toxic effects on bees were observed, except in one apiary, where severe cold climatic conditions played a crucial role. The treatment could be efficiently applied in broodright as well as in broodless colonies. Integrated pest management (IPM) recommendations for beekeepers are provided in order to apply the best Varroa control protocol.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa Destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl ◽  
Jorge Rivera-Gomis ◽  
Ivana Tlak Gajger ◽  
Jernej Bubnič ◽  
Gabriela Talakić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Varroa Control

VarroMed® is a soft acaricide registered for honey bees on the European Union market since 2017 for Varroa control. Researchers involved were partners of different countries of the Varroa control task force of COLOSS Association. Our goal was to evaluate performances (acaricide efficacy and toxic effects on honey bees) of VarroMed® in different climatic conditions. Our results in the tested apiaries showed an efficacy ranging from 71.2 to 89.3 % in summer/autumn, and from 71.8 % to 95.6 % in winter. No toxic effects on bees were observed, except in one apiary, where severe cold climatic conditions played a crucial role. The treatment could be efficiently applied in brood right as well as in broodless colonies. Integrated pest management (IPM) recommendations for bee-keepers are provided in order to apply the best Varroa control protocol.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins as a risk in the grain food

2009 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Matic ◽  
Jasna Mastilovic ◽  
Ivana Cabarkapa ◽  
Anamarija Mandic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Foods

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate a large variety of foods and have toxic effects on humans. The best protection against mycotoxins is to monitor their presence in food. This paper shows the screening results of mycotoxins present in 76 samples of different groups of grain foods. Samples of grain food were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. Analysis were conducted using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the samples was contaminated with aflatoxins. The most predominant mycotoxin was ochratoxin A with the mean level of 4.84 ? 4.49 ppb in 19.7% of the examined samples. Zearalenone, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol were found in 9.21, 14.5 and 3.9% of the samples, respectively. Mycotoxin content in the investigated samples was compared with the regulations of Serbia and those of the European Union.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Oxalic Acid Vaporization and Brood Interruption in Controlling the Honey Bee Pest Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-588
Author(s):  
Cameron J Jack ◽  
Edzard van Santen ◽  
James D Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Colony Management ◽  
Varroa Control

Abstract A successful Integrated Pest Management approach to Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman control in managed colonies of western honey bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) must be an improvement over conventional control methods and include cost-effective treatments that can be readily employed by beekeepers. Herein, we tested the efficacy of oxalic acid (OA) vaporization and brood interruption as Varroa controls. Sixty experimental colonies were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups with 10 colonies per group. The six treatments were: 1) OA applied once, 2) OA applied three times, 3) brood interruption, 4) OA applied once + brood interruption, 5) OA applied three times + brood interruption, and 6) no OA or brood interruption. The OA was applied via vaporization, with each application being 1 g OA applied through the hive entrance (label rate), on the bottom board. Brood interruption was accomplished by caging a colony’s queen in a queen cage for a period of 24 d. An additional 10 colonies were treated with amitraz (Apivar - positive control). Varroa levels were estimated before, during, and after treatment applications using sticky boards left in colonies for 3 d. Our data suggest that queen caging to achieve brood interruption during the fall season can negatively impact colony strength and survival. We observed high colony mortality in some treatments, despite diligent colony management to alleviate the side effects of the treatments. Colonies treated with amitraz were healthier and had better survival than those treated with OA vaporization. In conclusion, OA and/or brood interruption did not provide sufficient Varroa control.

POLISH POSITION IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM BIOMASS IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Rafał Wyszomierski ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Krzysztof Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Energy Share ◽  
Solid Biomass ◽  
The Eu

The potential and position of Poland in comparison with other EU countries in the field of solid biomass production and the possibilities that flow with the use of this raw material for energy purposes are presented. To assess changes in the biomass market in EU countries, tabular, graphical and descriptive methods were used. Due to its geographical location and climatic conditions, Poland is developing the RES sector using its own resources, which gives it one of the leading positions in the EU. This has a significant impact on the difficulties that Poland is facing to achieve the EU’s 15% renewable energy share in final gross energy consumption.

COMMENTARY: COMBINATION THERAPY FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: PERSPECTIVES OF THE EU/US CTAD TASK FORCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
E. Siemers
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
European Union ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
The Eu

In October 2018, the European Union-North American Clinical Trials in Alzheimer’s Disease Task Force (EU/US CTAD Task Force) met to discuss an increasingly important topic, the scientific, regulatory, and logistical challenges to the development of combination therapies for AD. Challenges related to ever-changing scientific knowledge, challenges related to complex regulatory pathways and challenges related to the necessity for pharmaceutical companies to collaborate must all be addressed. These challenges must be met since task Force members unanimously agreed that successful treatment of AD will likely require combination therapies targeting multiple mechanisms and pathways.

scholarly journals The Cereal Extraction Territorial Analysis of Lithuania in 2000–2014 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Ieva Žvigaitytė ◽  
Izolda Ona Bražukienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Industries

From the ancient times crop production perceived as one of the most important Lithuanian activities in relation to cereals extraction growing. The Crop Production – is “basis for agriculture" (Kaluina, 1993), in a long time this basis has formed the current agricultural situation in Lithuania. This scientific object is cereal extraction in Lithuania. The objective is to carry out cereal extraction territorial dispersion analysis in Lithuania 2000–2014 year. This article scientific must tasks: review of scientific literature on the theme of cereal crops extraction; analyze grain extraction determinants; examine grain extraction territorial dispersion characteristics; assess grain production development prospects in Lithuania. All the time scientists are interested cereal crops extraction in Lithuania. Scientists analyzed a lot of things, these are development stages of cereal crops, natural and social economic conditions, which caused these cultures emergence of a certain territory and dissemination. The most important factors are natural and socio-economic. These factors are very much connected. Also, the modern territorial system of cereal extraction growing has developed under the influence of the following other factors: soil conditions; agricultural traditions formation within a certain time; the internal market demand; mastering new technologies; the Government’s support and policy in agricultural industries; the European Union structural funds support and policy in agricultural. In Lithuania cereal crops extraction has increased from 2000 to 2014 years. An improving situation observed after accession to the European Union. Record harvest was fixed in 2014 year. It was influenced by technological million tonnes break in the Lithuanian grain farms. The Middle Lithuanian height intensive zone (area) for grain crops extraction. Here are good soil potential possibilities cereal crops (high yield) and here are a lower cost cultivation of cereal crops extraction. The condition for cereal crops extraction is bad in the Western and Eastern Lithuanian zones (areas). This area is characterized by worse natural – climatic conditions. In recent years, huge volumes of the growing cereals harvest, improving yields and growing conditions for crop areas form optimistic cereal crops for production in future. In our country economic situation will improve every years and this is an impact on improving agricultural situation.

scholarly journals Zero Endemic Cases of Wildlife Rabies (Classical Rabies Virus, RABV) in the European Union by 2020: An Achievable Goal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robardet ◽  
Bosnjak ◽  
Englund ◽  
Demetriou ◽  
Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The elimination of rabies transmitted by Classical Rabies Virus (RABV) in the European Union (EU) is now in sight. Scientific advances have made it possible to develop oral vaccination for wildlife by incorporating rabies vaccines in baits for foxes. At the start of the 1980s, aerial distribution of vaccine baits was tested and found to be a promising tool. The EU identified rabies elimination as a priority, and provided considerable financial and technical resources to the infected EU Member States, allowing regular and large-scale rabies eradication programs based on aerial vaccination. The EU also provides support to non-EU countries in its eastern and south eastern borders. The key elements of the rabies eradication programs are oral rabies vaccination (ORV), quality control of vaccines and control of their distribution, rabies surveillance and monitoring of the vaccination effectiveness. EU Member States and non-EU countries with EU funded eradication programs counted on the technical support of the rabies subgroup of the Task Force for monitoring disease eradication and of the EU Reference Laboratory (EURL) for rabies. In 2018, eight rabies cases induced by classical rabies virus RABV (six in wild animals and two in domestic animals) were detected in three EU Member States, representing a sharp decrease compared to the situation in 2010, where there were more than 1500 cases in nine EU Member States. The goal is to reach zero cases in wildlife and domestic animals in the EU by 2020, a target that now seems achievable.

scholarly journals Is a European Practice of Mass Atrocity Prevention Emerging? The European Union, Responsibility to Protect and the 2011 Libya Crisis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara De Franco ◽  
Annemarie Peen Rodt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Task Force ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mass Atrocity ◽  
The Eu

Observers have classified the European Union (EU) as reluctant in its implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) (Task Force on the EU Prevention of Mass Atrocities, 2013). This contribution revisits that argument by employing a more nuanced interpretation of norm implementation than the binary conceptualisation typically applied. By appraising EU reactions to the 2011 Libyan crisis, we investigate whether a “European practice of mass atrocity prevention” is emerging and if so how this relates—or not—to R2P. We do this by investigating EU practices seeking to protect people from genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity—paying particular attention to the three pillars and four policy areas included in the R2P framework (ICISS, 2001). Our review of EU responses to Libya seeks to unveil whether and if so how EU practice related to mass atrocity prevention in that country rejected, adopted or indeed adapted R2P. The enquiry appraises both how R2P mattered to the EU response and how the Libya crisis affected the Union’s approach to mass atrocity prevention and within it R2P. In this way, the study asks how norms can change practice, but also how practice can change norms. As such, our focus is on the inter-relationship between principles and practices of protection.

scholarly journals Metody taksonomiczne w badaniu podobieństwa województwa lubuskiego do innych regionów Unii Europejskiej

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
Przemysław Szczuciński ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Eu Regions ◽  
Linkage Method

In the territorial profile of the European Union, large differences may be observed between economically better and less developed regions. Therefore, in its policy, much attention is focussed on the less developed regions. Such regions include disadvantaged, remote, sparsely populated and border regions. The Lubuskie voivodeship examined in the article should be included among them. This paper attempts to define the similarities and differences of this province in comparison to other regions of the European Union on the basis of typical features such as its geographical location and area, population density, land use and climatic conditions. For this purpose, 266 EU regions were studied, of which a group of 33 similar regions was identified by means of the complete linkage method. Next, these regions were analysed to indicate which of them, with similar geographical and natural conditions, could constitute a model for it, achieving more favourable economic results measured by the level of GDP per capita. The similarity between regions was examined by applying the Gower distance measure for quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The test results were visualised using a dendrogram and a taxonomic chart of the object under study. The data for the research was taken from the databases of Eurostat, the European Statistical Office, and Climate-Data.org. The collected data define the situation in EU regions as of 2017 or the last year available. Based on the conducted research, 9 EU regions can be selected as model regions for the Lubuskie voivodeship. These are regions from the following countries: Germany (5 regions), as well as France, Austria, Belgium, and the Czech Republic (1 region each). More closely examining the management methods of the regions from the above-mentioned countries, the functioning of industry, agriculture and transport in their area, and the promotion of regionally produced products would be reasonable for the needs of the regional policy of the Lubuskie voivodeship.

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