scholarly journals The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali Gill ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

Membrane transporters (MTs) are mainly localized at the plasma membrane (PM), tonoplast and vacuolar membrane (VM) of cells in all plant organs. Their work is to maintain the cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across PM channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant’s whole source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D), and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed the ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress). Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in the roots that negatively impact on PG&D, later on also exported to upper parts and then deteriorate the grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and HMs plants activated PM and VM localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole, and also translocate in the root’s tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased the water and sugar supply to all organs. In this review, we mainly reviewed recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes, and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape to argue on the global role of MTs in PG&D and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed the gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.

scholarly journals The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12792
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali Gill ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

The proteins of membrane transporters (MTs) are embedded within membrane-bounded organelles and are the prime targets for improvements in the efficiency of water and nutrient transportation. Their function is to maintain cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across cellular channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant’s entire source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D) and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress) in plants. Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in roots negatively impact PG&D and are later on also exported to upper parts where they deteriorate grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and heavy metals, plants activate plasma membranes and vacuolar membrane-localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole and also translocate in the root’s tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased water and sugar supplies to all organs. In this review, we mainly review recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape in order to argue the global role of MTs in PG&D, and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.

scholarly journals Role of myo-inositol during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Sharma ◽  
Chanderkant Chaudhary ◽  
Paramjit Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Apical Hook ◽  
Ethylene Response

Abstract Myo-inositol is a ubiquitous metabolite of plants. It is synthesized by a highly conserved enzyme L-myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC 5.5.1.4). Myo-inositol is well characterized during abiotic stress tolerance but its role during growth and development is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the apical hook maintenance and hypocotyl growth depend on myo-inositol. We discovered the myo-inositol role during hook formation and its maintenance via ethylene pathway in Arabidopsis by supplementation assays and qPCR. Our results suggest an essential requirement of myo-inositol for mediating the ethylene response and its interaction with brassinosteroid to regulate the skotomorphogenesis. A model is proposed outlining how MIPS regulates apical hook formation and hypocotyl growth.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
I. V. Kosakivska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Della Proteins ◽  
Plant Yields

Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Dongyu Jia ◽  
Taibo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polyamine Oxidases ◽  
Back Conversion

Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles of γ Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Gated Channels in Plant Stress Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Mona Kaspal ◽  
Madhuka H. Kanapaddalagamage ◽  
Sunita A. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Anion Channels ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance

The signaling role for γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been documented in animals for over seven decades. However, a signaling role for GABA in plants is just beginning to emerge with the discovery of putative GABA binding site/s and GABA regulation of anion channels. In this review, we explore the role of GABA in plant growth and development under abiotic stress, its interactions with other signaling molecules and the probability that there are other anion channels with important roles in stress tolerance that are gated by GABA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document