scholarly journals Biomimetic Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Has Superior Bone Regeneration Ability Than Xenogeneic or Synthetic Bone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooseong Kim ◽  
Sukyoung Kim ◽  
In-Hwan Song
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Apatite Crystals ◽  
Biological Apatite

Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a precursor of biological apatite crystals that has attracted attention as a possible bone substitute. On the other hand, few studies have examined this material at the experimental level due to the limitations of OCP mass production. Recently, mass production technology of OCP was developed, and the launch of OCP bone substitutes is occurring. In this study, the bone regeneration capacity of OCP products was compared with two of the most clinically used materials: heat-treated bovine bone (BHA) and sintered biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Twelve rabbits were used, and defects in each tibia were filled with OCP, BHA, BCP, and left unfilled as control (CON). The tibias were harvested at 4 and 12 weeks, and 15 μm slides were prepared using the diamond grinding method after being embedded in resin. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the bone regeneration ability and mechanism. The OCP showed significantly higher resorption and new bone formation in both periods analysed (p<0.05). Overall, OCP bone substitutes can enhance bone regeneration significantly by activating osteoblasts and a rapid phase transition of OCP crystals to biological apatite crystals (mineralisation), as well as providing additional space for new bone formation by rapid resorption.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Has Superior Bone Regeneration Ability Compared to Xenogeneic or Synthetic Bone

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5300
Author(s):  
Jooseong Kim ◽  
Sukyoung Kim ◽  
Inhwan Song
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Apatite Crystals ◽  
Biological Apatite

Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a precursor of biological apatite crystals that has attracted attention as a possible bone substitute. On the other hand, few studies have examined this material at the experimental level due to the limitations on OCP mass production. Recently, mass production technology of OCP was developed, and the launch of OCP bone substitutes is occurring. In this study, the bone regeneration capacity of OCP products was compared with two of the most clinically used materials: heat-treated bovine bone (BHA) and sintered biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Twelve rabbits were used, and defects in each tibia were filled with OCP, BHA, BCP, and left unfilled as control (CON). The tibias were harvested at 4 and 12 weeks, and 15 μm slides were prepared using the diamond grinding method after being embedded in resin. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the bone regeneration ability and mechanism. The OCP showed significantly higher resorption and new bone formation in both periods analysed (p < 0.05). Overall, OCP bone substitutes can enhance bone regeneration significantly by activating osteoblasts and a rapid phase transition of OCP crystals to biological apatite crystals (mineralization), as well as providing additional space for new bone formation by rapid resorption.

Comparison of Bone Substitutes in a Tibia Defect Model in Wistar-Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Ganz ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
G. Holzhüter ◽  
W. Götz ◽  
B. Vollmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Defect Area ◽  
Tibia Defect

Various bone graft substitutes were used in clinical practise in the treatment of bone defects after trauma or osteoporosis. Many synthetic biomaterials were developed in recent years primarily based on hydroxyapatite (HA). NanoBone® is a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) embedded in a porous matrix of silica (SiO2). The ratio of HA:SiO2 varied between 76:24 (wt%; NanoBone®) and 61:39 (wt%; Nanobone® S). The two bone substitutes NB and NB S and a natural bovine bone substitute Bio-Oss® (BO) were evaluated by means of implantation in the tibia of the rat. The aim of this study was to analyze the remodelling process and to measure new bone formation and degradation after implantation of these biomaterials. A tibia defect model was used for all investigations with testing periods of 12, 21 and 84 days. (n=5 for each time point). The results showed, that all bone grafts were well accepted by the host tissue without inflammatory reactions. In comparison to the biomaterial BO, NanoBone® and NanoBone® S were quickly degraded, whereas autologous proteins were incorporated into nanopores. New bone formation was statistically higher in NanoBone® S compared to Bio-Oss® in defect area after 84 days implantation. The presence of osteoclasts in tissue sections were demonstrated by TRAP- and ED1-immunohistology.

scholarly journals Horizontal Augmentation of Chronic Mandibular Defects by the Guided Bone Regeneration Approach: A Randomized Study in Dogs

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Anton Friedmann ◽  
Stefan Fickl ◽  
Kai R. Fischer ◽  
Milad Dalloul ◽  
Werner Goetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Pin Fixation ◽  
Group B

Various biomaterial combinations have been studied focusing on their ability to stabilize blood clots and maintain space under soft tissue to support new bone formation. A popular combination is Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) placed with a native collagen membrane (NCM) tacked to native bone. In this study, we compared the outcome of this treatment option to those achieved with three different graft/membrane combinations with respect to total newly occupied area and the mineralized compound inside. After bi-lateral extraction of two mandibular premolars in five adult beagles L-shaped alveolar defects were created. A total of 20 defects healed for 6 weeks resulting in chronic type bone defects. At baseline, four options were randomly allocated to five defects each: a. DBBM + NCM with a four-pin fixation across the ridge; b. DBBM + RCLC (ribose cross-linked collagen membrane); c. DBBM + NPPM (native porcine pericardium membrane); and d. Ca-sulfate (CS) + RCLC membrane. Membranes in b/c/d were not fixed; complete tensionless wound closure was achieved by CAF. Termination after 3 months and sampling followed, and non-decalcified processing and toluidine blue staining were applied. Microscopic images obtained at standardized magnification were histomorphometrically assessed by ImageJ software (NIH). An ANOVA post hoc test was applied; histomorphometric data are presented in this paper as medians and interquartile ranges (IRs). All sites healed uneventfully, all sites were sampled and block separation followed before Technovit embedding. Two central sections per block for each group were included. Two of five specimen were lost due to processing error and were excluded from group b. New bone area was significantly greater for option b. compared to a. (p = 0.001), c. (p = 0.002), and d. (p = 0.046). Residual non-bone graft area was significantly less for option d. compared to a. (p = 0.026) or c. (p = 0.021). We conclude that collagen membranes with a prolonged resorption/barrier profile combined with bone substitutes featuring different degradation profiles sufficiently support new bone formation. Tacking strategy/membrane fixation appears redundant when using these biomaterials.

scholarly journals Histological Assessment of Bone Regeneration by Octacalcium Phosphate and Bone Matrix Gelatin Composites in a Rat Mandibular Defect Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereydoon Sargolzaei Aval ◽  
Eshaghali Saberi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Arab ◽  
Narjes Sargolzaei ◽  
Esmaeel Zare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Mandibular Bone

Objective: Regeneration of bone defects remains a challenge for maxillofacial and reparative surgeons. The purpose of this histological study was to assess the osteogenic potential of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and bone matrix gelatin (BMG) alone and in combination in artificially created mandibular bone defects in rats. The quality of the newly formed bone was also evaluated. Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats (6-8 weeks old with 120-150 g weight) were randomly divided into four groups. Defects (3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) were created in the mandible of rats and filled with 6 mg of OCP, BMG or a combination of both (1/4 ratio), respectively. Defects were left unfilled in the control group. To assess osteoinduction and bone regeneration and determine the quality of the newly formed bone, tissue specimens were harvested at seven, 14, and 21 days post-implantation. The specimens were processed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and histologically analyzed under light microscopy. Results: In the experimental groups, new bone formation was initiated at the margins of defects from seventh day after implantation. At the end of the study period, the amount of the newly formed bone increased and the bone was relatively mature. Osteoinduction and new bone formation were greater in OCP/BMG group. In the control group, slight amount of new bone had been formed at the defect margins (next to host bone) on day 21. Conclusion: Combination of OCP/BMG may serve as an optimal biomaterial for treatment of mandibular bone defects.

Bone Regenerative Property of Octacalcium Phosphate in Mouse Critical Sized Calvarial Defects

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1253-1256
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Honda ◽  
Shinji Kamakura ◽  
Takashi Kumagai ◽  
Osamu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Wet Synthesis

Bone regeneration by calcium phosphates has been known to be intricately dependent on material properties or implanted milieu of host animals, such as site and species. Critical sized calvarial defects of mouse were recently used as the model for investigating bone regeneration ability and the mechanisms. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the critical sized mouse calvarial defects can be utilized to examine bone regeneration with synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP). OCP , prepared by wet synthesis methods, was sieved 0.3 ~ 0.5 mm in diameter and used for the animal experiment. At 14 days after surgery, histological examination showed that implantation of OCP grafted defects significantly enhanced bone formation compared with the control defect. OCP tended to convert to hydroxyapatite with time. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclastic cells were observed around the OCP particles. The results suggest that the mouse critical sized calvarial bone defects are useful model to investigate the bone formation by the OCP implantation.

Titanium-Reinforced Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane Combined with Inorganic Polyphosphate Induces Exophytic Bone Formation in Rabbit Calvaria

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 1075-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Kim ◽  
S.Y. Na ◽  
Y.H. Kown ◽  
J.B. Park ◽  
J.H. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Inorganic Polyphosphate ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Bovine Bone Mineral

The purpose of this study was to examine if the application of titanium-reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(TR-ePTFE) membrane combined with bovine bone mineral(BBM) soaked in inorganic polyphosphate promotes exophytic bone formation in rabbit calvaria. For this purpose, a total of 8 rabbits were used, and rectangular decorticated calvaria sites were created using a round carbide bur. In the control group, rectangular parallelepiped-shaped TR-ePTFE membranes (RPTPMs) were filled with BBM soaked in saline and placed on the decorticated sites and fixed with metal pins. In the experimental groups, RPTPMs were filled with BBM soaked in 4%, 8% and 16% inorganic polyphosphate prior to fixing with metal pins. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, and new bone formation was assessed by histomorphometric as well as statistical analysis. The results indicated that at 8 weeks, all the experimental groups demonstrated exophytic bone formation. At 8 weeks, the 8% polyphosphate group revealed the most new bone formation (p<0.05). On the basis of these findings, we conclude that inorganic polyphosphate has a promoting effect on bone regeneration, possibly by enhancing osteoinductivity of the decorticated wound area and osteoconductivity of the carrier material, but not much as we expected.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Illustration: How Newly-Formed Blood Vessels Stopped by the Mineral Blocks of Bone Substitutes Can Be Avoided by Using Innovative Combined Therapeutics

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Fabien Bornert ◽  
François Clauss ◽  
Guoqiang Hua ◽  
Ysia Idoux-Gillet ◽  
Laetitia Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Polymeric Component ◽  
Bone Filling

One major limitation for the vascularization of bone substitutes used for filling is the presence of mineral blocks. The newly-formed blood vessels are stopped or have to circumvent the mineral blocks, resulting in inefficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the implant. This leads to necrosis within the implant and to poor engraftment of the bone substitute. The aim of the present study is to provide a bone substitute currently used in the clinic with suitably guided vascularization properties. This therapeutic hybrid bone filling, containing a mineral and a polymeric component, is fortified with pro-angiogenic smart nano-therapeutics that allow the release of angiogenic molecules. Our data showed that the improved vasculature within the implant promoted new bone formation and that the newly-formed bone swapped the mineral blocks of the bone substitutes much more efficiently than in non-functionalized bone substitutes. Therefore, we demonstrated that our therapeutic bone substitute is an advanced therapeutical medicinal product, with great potential to recuperate and guide vascularization that is stopped by mineral blocks, and can improve the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. We have also elucidated the mechanism to understand how the newly-formed vessels can no longer encounter mineral blocks and pursue their course of vasculature, giving our advanced therapeutical bone filling great potential to be used in many applications, by combining filling and nano-regenerative medicine that currently fall short because of problems related to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.

scholarly journals Digital Customized Titanium Mesh for Bone Regeneration of Vertical, Horizontal and Combined Defects: A Case Series

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Daniele De Santis ◽  
Federico Gelpi ◽  
Giuseppe Verlato ◽  
Umberto Luciano ◽  
Lorena Torroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Guided Bone Regeneration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Gain ◽  
Titanium Mesh ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Correct Method ◽  
Combined Defects

Background and Objective: Guided bone regeneration allows new bone formation in anatomical sites showing defects preventing implant rehabilitation. Material and Methods: The present case series reported the outcomes of five patients treated with customized titanium meshes manufactured with a digital workflow for achieving bone regeneration at future implant sites. A significant gain in both width and thickness was achieved for all patients. Results: From a radiographic point of view (CBTC), satisfactory results were reached both in horizontal and vertical defects. An average horizontal gain of 3.6 ± 0.8 mm and a vertical gain of 5.2 ± 1.1 mm. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that customized titanium meshes represent a valid method to pursue guided bone regeneration in horizontal, vertical or combined defects. Particular attention must be paid by the surgeon in the packaging of the flap according to a correct method called the “poncho” technique in order to reduce the most frequent complication that is the exposure of the mesh even if a partial exposure of one mesh does not compromise the final outcome of both the reconstruction and the healing of the implants.

A novel methodology for imaging new bone formation around bioceramic bone substitutes

2007 ◽  
Vol 81A (2) ◽  
pp. 443-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Gorustovich ◽  
Matías G. Sivak ◽  
María B. Guglielmotti
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
New Bone Formation

scholarly journals The use of solvent-preserved human and bovine cancellous bone blocks for lateral defect augmentation - an experimental controlled study in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Schorn ◽  
Tim Fienitz ◽  
Kathrin Berndsen ◽  
Norbert R. Kübler ◽  
Henrik Holtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Substitute Material ◽  
Substitute Material

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to compare new bone formation, resorbed bone matrix, and fibrous enclosed residual bone substitute material in laterally augmented alveolar bone defects using allogeneic, pre-treated and cleaned human bone blocks (tested in dogs, therefore considered to be xenogeneic), and pre-treated and cleaned bovine cancellous bone blocks, both with and without a collagen membrane in order to evaluate their augmentative potential. Methods Thirty-two critical size horizontal defects were prepared in the mandible of 4 adult foxhound dogs (8 per dog, 4 on each side). After 3 months of healing, the defects were laterally augmented in a split-mouth-design with either human (HXB) or bovine solvent-preserved bone blocks (BXB). Afterwards, defects were randomly covered with a bovine collagenous membrane (HXB + M, BXB + M). After a healing interval of 6 months, percentages of new bone formation, resorbed bone matrix, and fibrous enclosed residual bone substitute material were compared. Results Results showed little new bone formation of up to 3.7 % in human bone blocks (HXB 3.7 % ± 10.2, HXB + M 0.3 %± 0.4, BXB, 0.1 % ± 0.8, BXB + M 2.6 % ± 3.2, p = > 0.05). Percentages of fibrous encapsulation were higher in human bone blocks than in bovine bone blocks (HXB 71.2 % ± 8.6, HXB + M 73.71 % ± 10.6, BXB, 60.5 % ± 27.4, BXB + M 52.5 % ± 28.4, p = > 0.05). Resorption rates differed from 44.8 % in bovine bone blocks covered with a membrane to 17.4 % in human bone blocks (HXB 17.4 % ± 7.4, HXB + M 25.9 % ± 10.7, BXB, 38.4 % ± 27.2, BXB + M 44.8 % ± 29.6, p = > 0.05). The use of additional membranes did not significantly affect results. Conclusions Within its limitations, results of this study suggest that solvent-preserved xenogenic human and bovine bone blocks are not suitable for lateral bone augmentation in dogs. Furthermore, defect coverage with a membrane does not positively affect the outcome.

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