How (Not?) to Adapt Chekhov: Adventures in Dramaturgy

<p>Despite rapid growth of adaptation theory in the last two decades, there is a gap in the field. Books like Linda Hutcheon’s A Theory of Adaptation (2006) and Julie Sanders’ Adaptation and Appropriation (2006) approach adaptations from an audience’s perspective, describing the effects of the adaptation process and providing a robust taxonomy, identifying all of different forms that adaptation might take. They do not, however, describe the details of the process of adaptation itself, even though they often refer to the need for a process-oriented account of adaptation. Existing adaptation manuals focus on screen-writing, leaving someone with an interest in the specifics of adapting a play nowhere to turn. This paper begins to address this gap in the available knowledge by documenting the adaptation process involved in the creation of four new adaptations of Anton Chekhov's Uncle Vanya, targeted at a New Zealand audience. The experiments presented here confirm what is suggested by a survey of the reception of English-language adaptations of Chekhov: there is no single correct method for adapting a play. An adapter's greatest challenge can be identifying which strategy is appropriate for the conditions they face. This project experiments with different adaptive methods and strategies, developed by looking at other English-language Chekhov adaptations, including techniques of approximating the setting, language and themes to a target audience. I attempt to identify which methodologies will achieve the desired results, revealing a variety of different challenges, advantages and weaknesses inherent to each approach. Moreover, both the research and the experiments suggest how the success or failure of an adaptation depends on a variety of contextual factors, including the target audience's relationship with the adapted work, the dramaturgical characteristics of that work, and the abilities of the adapter.</p>

How (Not?) to Adapt Chekhov: Adventures in Dramaturgy

<p>Despite rapid growth of adaptation theory in the last two decades, there is a gap in the field. Books like Linda Hutcheon’s A Theory of Adaptation (2006) and Julie Sanders’ Adaptation and Appropriation (2006) approach adaptations from an audience’s perspective, describing the effects of the adaptation process and providing a robust taxonomy, identifying all of different forms that adaptation might take. They do not, however, describe the details of the process of adaptation itself, even though they often refer to the need for a process-oriented account of adaptation. Existing adaptation manuals focus on screen-writing, leaving someone with an interest in the specifics of adapting a play nowhere to turn. This paper begins to address this gap in the available knowledge by documenting the adaptation process involved in the creation of four new adaptations of Anton Chekhov's Uncle Vanya, targeted at a New Zealand audience. The experiments presented here confirm what is suggested by a survey of the reception of English-language adaptations of Chekhov: there is no single correct method for adapting a play. An adapter's greatest challenge can be identifying which strategy is appropriate for the conditions they face. This project experiments with different adaptive methods and strategies, developed by looking at other English-language Chekhov adaptations, including techniques of approximating the setting, language and themes to a target audience. I attempt to identify which methodologies will achieve the desired results, revealing a variety of different challenges, advantages and weaknesses inherent to each approach. Moreover, both the research and the experiments suggest how the success or failure of an adaptation depends on a variety of contextual factors, including the target audience's relationship with the adapted work, the dramaturgical characteristics of that work, and the abilities of the adapter.</p>

TPACK Based Open Ended Approach to Improve Mathematical Reasoning Skills

<p><em>Elementary school mathematics learning in Indonesia can be said to be still lacking. During this time, students tend to dislike or even fear mathematics subjects, especially in the context of mathematical reasoning. In the field of education, teachers must be able to develop students' mathematical reasoning by using appropriate strategies. So we need appropriate approaches and media to develop mathematical reasoning abilities. The purpose of this study to explain the concept of an open-ended approach based on TPACK, the concept of mathematical reasoning and the relationship between an open-ended approach based on TPACK and mathematical reasoning. The result of this study are: (1) TPACK-based Open ended Approach is learning that presents a problem that has more than one correct method or solution, which is presented with the help of ICT-based media. (2) Mathematical reasoning is the ability to conclude and prove a statement, and solve problems in mathematics. (3) TPACK-based open ended approach can improve mathematical reasoning</em><em>.</em></p>

Stellar distance and velocity (III)

The use of parallax angles is one of the standard methods for determining stellar distance. The problem that arises in using this method is how to measure that angle. In order for the measurement to be correct, it is necessary for the object we are observing to be stationary in relation to the sun. This is generally not true. One way to overcome this problem is to observe the object from two different places at the same time. This would be technically possible but will probably never be realized. Another way to determine the distance is given in [1]. With certain assumptions, this is a mathematically completely correct method. After the publication of the third Gaia's catalog [2], we are now able to test the proposed method using real data. Unfortunately, for the majority of stars it is not possible to obtain the distance directly, but with the help of some additional measurements we would be able to indirectly determine the distance of such stars.

A correct method to calculate the IDD value-added indicator in the Brazillian higher education quality assurance framework

This paper investigates the value-added indicator used in the Brazilian higher education quality assurance framework, the so-called IDD indicator for undergraduate programmes (“Indicator of the difference between observed and expected outcomes''). The two main claims are that since 2014 this indicator is calculated incorrectly and that this mistake has relevance for public policy. INEP, the educational statistical agency responsible for educational quality indicators in Brazil, incorrectly uses multilevel modeling in their value-added analysis. The IDD indicator is calculated by estimating a varying intercept linear mixed model, but instead of identifying the intercepts with the value added of courses, INEP uses the mean of the student residuals. That this was indeed the error made is shown by reproducing exactly INEP’s published values using the incorrect method with the microdata for the 2019 assessment cycle. I then compare these values to the ones obtained with the same model and same data, but using the correct value-added measure. A comparison of reliability estimates for both methods shows that this measure of internal consistency is indeed higher for the correct method. As an example of policy relevance, I calculate the number of courses that would change from “satisfactory” to “unsatisfactory” and vice-versa, using the usual criteria established by INEP, if the correct method is applied.

ANALISA KOMPARATIF ANTARA ACUAN PERANCAH SEMI SISTEM DENGAN ACUAN PERANCAH ALUMINIUM. STUDI KASUS : PROYEK RANCANG BANGUN RUMAH SUSUN, PONDOK CINA, DEPOK

In selecting the formwork work method, the things that need to be considered include cost, quality, and time. Comparison of several methods of formwork work is carried out to obtain the correct method. Comparisons were made to the Semi System formwork method and the Aluminum formwork method. To compare the two methods requires volume calculation, the multiplier coefficient referred to by the PUPR Regulation No. 28 / PRT / M / 2016, non-conformence data, and work duration. This data is processed into the need for the cost of formwork for the two methods based on the PUPR Ministerial Regulation Number 28 / PRT / 2016, the percentage of concrete defects due to formwork, and the scheduling duration presented in the bar chart. The two methods are compared based on the need for the cost of the work, the number of percent of quality, and the work duration. The comparison shows that the aluminum formwork method is superior in terms of cost (RAB). It is produced more efficiently by 3.4%. In terms of quality, this method results in less damage (concrete defects) to minimize repair costs later, and when the work reaches 43% more effective.

Landslide Sustainability Report on R. Gogiashvili Street in Tbilisi Using GEO5 Program

The slope stability calculation is quite time-consuming, which requires first selecting the correct method and then calculating the coefficient of stability using different formulas. It should also be noted that visualization of the analysis results requires a great deal of time, which is quite impractical. To solve this problem, many geotechnical computer programs have been created, which can be used to report slope stability reports in a split of a second. The most common geotechnical software in Georgia is GEO5 slope stability, which allows us to calculate slope stabilities very quickly and effectively with various methods and standards.

Overview of Hazardous Geological Processes on the Tbilisi Bypass Railway

The slope stability calculation is quite time-consuming, which requires first selecting the correct method and then calculating the coefficient of stability using different formulas. It should also be noted that visualization of the analysis results requires a great deal of time, which is quite impractical. To solve this problem, many geotechnical computer programs have been created, which can be used to report slope stability reports in a split of a second. The most common geotechnical software in Georgia is GEO5 slope stability, which allows us to calculate slope stabilities very quickly and effectively with various methods and standards.

PERSONIFIED APPROACH TO SELECTING A METHOD FOR BRACKET POSITIONING WITH 3D TECHNOLOGY

The concept of creating the so-called esthetic smile is still subject to debate. While there is no optimal way to achieve the smile esthetics, this fact drove the idea of improving the available algorithms employed for the treatment of dentofacial anomalies. Smile reconstruction in orthodontic treatment is a complex process, which is subject to certain rules and laws, and takes an interdisciplinary approach from dental specialists. When dealing with dental anomalies, one of the most important practical components is the correct method of the braсket positioning. Based on the analysis of the options offered currently by digital technologies, and the negative outcomes of orthodontic treatment, the following aim was set for the current study – to improve the algorithms employed to select individual methods of bracket personalized placement as per each clinical situation in particular. The methods used through the study included: clinical, digital, statistical, and analytical one. Following the criteria of the esthetic smile, the location, the shape and the structure of the teeth of a particular patient, an individual method for bracket positioning was developed, the final outcomes of that being a smile with individual parameters. This method allows achieving a maximum esthetic result. The proposed technique is the method of choice in each specific clinical situation and can be used depending on the indications.