scholarly journals Content-based Spam Email Detection Using N-gram Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Md. Minhaz Hossain ◽  
Iqbal H. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Ve Bayes ◽  
Spam Filter ◽  
Email Address ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Spam Filters ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Recently, spam emails have become a significant problem with the expanding usage of the Internet. It is to some extend obvious to filter emails. A spam filter is a system that detects undesired and malicious emails and blocks them from getting into the users' inboxes. Spam filters check emails for something "suspicious" in terms of text, email address, header, attachments, and language. However, we have used different features such as word2vec, word n-grams, character n-grams, and a combination of variable length n-grams for comparative analysis in our proposed approach. Different machine learning models such as support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR), and multinomial naïve bayes (MNB) are applied to train the extracted features. We use different evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, f1-score, and accuracy to evaluate the experimental results. Among them, SVM provides 97.6 \% of accuracy, 98.8\% of precision, and 94.9\% of f1-score using a combination of n-gram features.

scholarly journals Identification of Key Influencers for Secondary Distribution of HIV Self-Testing among Chinese MSM: A Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengshi JING ◽  
Yang Ye ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Yuxin Ni ◽  
Xumeng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Secondary Distribution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Abstract Background. HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been rapidly scaled up and additional strategies further expand testing uptake. Secondary distribution has people (indexes) apply for multiple kits and pass these kits to people (alters) in their social networks. However, identifying key influencers is difficult. This study aimed to develop an innovative ensemble machine learning approach to identify key influencers among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIVST secondary distribution. Method. We defined three types of key influencers: 1) key distributors who can distribute more kits; 2) key promoters who can contribute to finding first-time testing alters; 3) key detectors who can help to find positive alters. Four machine learning models (logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest) were trained to identify key influencers. An ensemble learning algorithm was adopted to combine these four models. Simulation experiments were run to validate our approach. Results. 309 indexes distributed kits to 269 alters. Our approach outperformed human identification (self-reported scales cut-off), exceeding by an average accuracy of 11.0%, could distribute 18.2% (95%CI: 9.9%-26.5%) more kits, find 13.6% (95%CI: 1.9%-25.3%) more first-time testing alters and 12.0% (95%CI: -14.7%-38.7%) more positive-testing alters. Our approach could also increase simulated intervention efficiency by 17.7% (95%CI: -3.5%-38.8%) than human identification. Conclusion. We built machine learning models to identify key influencers among Chinese MSM who were more likely to engage in HIVST secondary distribution.

scholarly journals Distribution Grids Fault Location employing ST based Optimized Machine Learning Approach

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shafiullah ◽  
M. Abido ◽  
Taher Abdel-Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Distribution Grids

Precise information of fault location plays a vital role in expediting the restoration process, after being subjected to any kind of fault in power distribution grids. This paper proposed the Stockwell transform (ST) based optimized machine learning approach, to locate the faults and to identify the faulty sections in the distribution grids. This research employed the ST to extract useful features from the recorded three-phase current signals and fetches them as inputs to different machine learning tools (MLT), including the multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP-NN), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme learning machines (ELM). The proposed approach employed the constriction-factor particle swarm optimization (CF-PSO) technique, to optimize the parameters of the SVM and ELM for their better generalization performance. Hence, it compared the obtained results of the test datasets in terms of the selected statistical performance indices, including the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), percent bias (PBIAS), RMSE-observations to standard deviation ratio (RSR), coefficient of determination (R2), Willmott’s index of agreement (WIA), and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSEC) to confirm the effectiveness of the developed fault location scheme. The satisfactory values of the statistical performance indices, indicated the superiority of the optimized machine learning tools over the non-optimized tools in locating faults. In addition, this research confirmed the efficacy of the faulty section identification scheme based on overall accuracy. Furthermore, the presented results validated the robustness of the developed approach against the measurement noise and uncertainties associated with pre-fault loading condition, fault resistance, and inception angle.

scholarly journals Arabic English Cross-Lingual Plagiarism Detection Based on Keyphrases Extraction, Monolingual and Machine Learning Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Al-Suhaiqi ◽  
Muneer A. S. Hazaa ◽  
Mohammed Albared
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Cross Lingual ◽  
Cross Language

Due to rapid growth of research articles in various languages, cross-lingual plagiarism detection problem has received increasing interest in recent years. Cross-lingual plagiarism detection is more challenging task than monolingual plagiarism detection. This paper addresses the problem of cross-lingual plagiarism detection (CLPD) by proposing a method that combines keyphrases extraction, monolingual detection methods and machine learning approach. The research methodology used in this study has facilitated to accomplish the objectives in terms of designing, developing, and implementing an efficient Arabic – English cross lingual plagiarism detection. This paper empirically evaluates five different monolingual plagiarism detection methods namely i)N-Grams Similarity, ii)Longest Common Subsequence, iii)Dice Coefficient, iv)Fingerprint based Jaccard Similarity  and v) Fingerprint based Containment Similarity. In addition, three machine learning approaches namely i) naïve Bayes, ii) Support Vector Machine, and iii) linear logistic regression classifiers are used for Arabic-English Cross-language plagiarism detection. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the key phrases extraction methods. In addition, Several experiments to investigate the performance of machine learning techniques to find the best method for Arabic-English Cross-language plagiarism detection. According to the experiments of Arabic-English Cross-language plagiarism detection, the highest result was obtained using SVM   classifier with 92% f-measure. In addition, the highest results were obtained by all classifiers are achieved, when most of the monolingual plagiarism detection methods are used. 

Telugu News Data Classification Using Machine Learning Approach

2022 ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Bala Krishna Priya G. ◽  
Jabeen Sultana ◽  
Usha Rani M.
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Machine Learning Classifiers ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Mining Telugu news data and categorizing based on public sentiments is quite important since a lot of fake news emerged with rise of social media. Identifying whether news text is positive, negative, or neutral and later classifying the data in which areas they fall like business, editorial, entertainment, nation, and sports is included throughout this research work. This research work proposes an efficient model by adopting machine learning classifiers to perform classification on Telugu news data. The results obtained by various machine-learning models are compared, and an efficient model is found, and it is observed that the proposed model outperformed with reference to accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.

scholarly journals Driver Stress State Evaluation by Means of Thermal Imaging: A Supervised Machine Learning Approach Based on ECG Signal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cardone ◽  
David Perpetuini ◽  
Chiara Filippini ◽  
Edoardo Spadolini ◽  
Lorenza Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Thermal Features ◽  
Driver Stress

Traffic accidents determine a large number of injuries, sometimes fatal, every year. Among other factors affecting a driver’s performance, an important role is played by stress which can decrease decision-making capabilities and situational awareness. In this perspective, it would be beneficial to develop a non-invasive driver stress monitoring system able to recognize the driver’s altered state. In this study, a contactless procedure for drivers’ stress state assessment by means of thermal infrared imaging was investigated. Thermal imaging was acquired during an experiment on a driving simulator, and thermal features of stress were investigated with comparison to a gold-standard metric (i.e., the stress index, SI) extracted from contact electrocardiography (ECG). A data-driven multivariate machine learning approach based on a non-linear support vector regression (SVR) was employed to estimate the SI through thermal features extracted from facial regions of interest (i.e., nose tip, nostrils, glabella). The predicted SI showed a good correlation with the real SI (r = 0.61, p = ~0). A two-level classification of the stress state (STRESS, SI ≥ 150, versus NO STRESS, SI < 150) was then performed based on the predicted SI. The ROC analysis showed a good classification performance with an AUC of 0.80, a sensitivity of 77%, and a specificity of 78%.

Classification of sentiment reviews using n-gram machine learning approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinash Tripathy ◽  
Ankit Agrawal ◽  
Santanu Kumar Rath
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
N Gram

scholarly journals Validation of miRNAs as Breast Cancer Biomarkers with a Machine Learning Approach

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oneeb Rehman ◽  
Hanqi Zhuang ◽  
Ali Muhamed Ali ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Zhongwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Chi Squared

Certain small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in normal tissues and cancers, which makes them great candidates for biomarkers for cancer. Previously, a selected subset of miRNAs has been experimentally verified to be linked to breast cancer. In this paper, we validated the importance of these miRNAs using a machine learning approach on miRNA expression data. We performed feature selection, using Information Gain (IG), Chi-Squared (CHI2) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operation (LASSO), on the set of these relevant miRNAs to rank them by importance. We then performed cancer classification using these miRNAs as features using Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. Our results demonstrated that the miRNAs ranked higher by our analysis had higher classifier performance. Performance becomes lower as the rank of the miRNA decreases, confirming that these miRNAs had different degrees of importance as biomarkers. Furthermore, we discovered that using a minimum of three miRNAs as biomarkers for breast cancers can be as effective as using the entire set of 1800 miRNAs. This work suggests that machine learning is a useful tool for functional studies of miRNAs for cancer detection and diagnosis.

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