scholarly journals A New Class of Autopoietic and Cognitive Machines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
New Class ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Mind

Making computing machines mimic living organisms has captured the imagination of many since the dawn of digital computers. However, today’s artificial intelligence technologies fall short in replicating even the basic autopoietic and cognitive behaviors found in primitive biological systems. According Charles Darwin, the difference in mind between humans and the higher animals, great as it is, certainly is one of degree and not of kind. Autopoiesis refers to the behavior of a system that replicates itself and maintains its own identity and stability while facing fluctuations caused by external influences. Cognitive behaviors model the system’s state, sense internal and external changes, analyze, predict and take action to mitigate any risk to its functional fulfilment. How did intelligence evolve? what is the relationship between the mind and body? Answers to these questions should guide us to infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. In this paper we use recent advances in our understanding of general theory of information, and the role of structures in managing the transformations between information and knowledge to pave the path to infuse autopoietic and cognitive functions into digital computing and build a new class of intelligent machines going beyond the current state of the art.

scholarly journals A New Class of Autopoietic and Cognitive Machines

Information ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rao Mikkilineni
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
New Class ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Computing Machines

Making computing machines mimic living organisms has captured the imagination of many since the dawn of digital computers. However, today’s artificial intelligence technologies fall short of replicating even the basic autopoietic and cognitive behaviors found in primitive biological systems. According to Charles Darwin, the difference in mind between humans and higher animals, great as it is, certainly is one of degree and not of kind. Autopoiesis refers to the behavior of a system that replicates itself and maintains identity and stability while facing fluctuations caused by external influences. Cognitive behaviors model the system’s state, sense internal and external changes, analyze, predict and take action to mitigate any risk to its functional fulfillment. How did intelligence evolve? what is the relationship between the mind and body? Answers to these questions should guide us to infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. In this paper, we show how to use the structural machine to build a cognitive reasoning system that integrates the knowledge from various digital symbolic and sub-symbolic computations. This approach is analogous to how the neocortex repurposed the reptilian brain and paves the path for digital machines to mimic living organisms using an integrated knowledge representation from different sources.

Some Tears in Achilles Tatius (Achilles 6.7.3–7)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
First Person ◽  
Achilles Tatius ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind

Another novelist provides in some respects a point in between Chariton and Heliodorus. His elaborate expatiation on tears and the lover put rhythm at the service of an intricate treatment of the mind and body, and a shrewd depiction of amorous self-control and manipulation. The first-person narrative adds a further stratum of sophistication to this handling of the speaker’s rival and enemy. Achilles Tatius demonstrates further, in contrast with Chariton, the range of possibilities for the exploitation of rhythm seen already in the difference of Chariton and Plutarch. Comparison with Heliodorus brings out Achilles’ elegance.

scholarly journals Reconsidering a role for attachment in eating disorder management in the context of paediatric diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452098621
Author(s):  
Rosie Oldham-Cooper ◽  
Claire Semple ◽  
Laura L. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Holistic Care ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Paediatric Diabetes ◽  
Attachment Orientation ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

We suggest a reconsideration of the role of ‘attachment orientation’ in the context of eating disorders and paediatric diabetes. Attachment orientation is a psychological construct that describes a relatively stable set of expectations and behaviours an individual relies upon in managing relationships. There is considerable evidence of an association between attachment orientation and the development and maintenance of disordered eating in individuals without diabetes, though evidence is more scant in populations with diabetes. We discuss the underpinning theory and critically examine the existing literature for the relationship between attachment orientation and disordered eating in paediatric diabetes. Finally, we draw on adjacent literatures to highlight potential future directions for research should this area be revisited. Overall, we contextualise our discussion in terms of patient-centred, holistic care that addresses the mind and body (i.e., our discussion of attachment orientation assumes a psycho-biological approach).

Analysis of Role Stress in the Indian IT Industry

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Shubhangini Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Mind

Contemporary industries face new competition requiring employees to work for longer hours under competitive time-bound deadlines. Prolonged exposure to such stressful situations leads to a depletion and exhaustion of resources in the mind and body with dysfunctional effects on job performance and overall organizational effectiveness. The Indian IT industry is a fast-paced service industry that is characterized by such stressful work situations and related outcomes. This chapter analyses the various factors that contribute to organizational stress and the role of demographic factors on role stress among the professionals of the Indian IT industry. A sample of 250 employees has been collected from the Delhi NCR region. Role stress has been measured by using the ORS scale which comprises of 10 dimensions of the role of stress that are measured by 50 items. The results show that there is a considerable amount of work related stress along with a significant impact of demographic factors on the role of stress amongst the IT professionals.

Behavioural genetics: An introduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
F. Sluyter ◽  
B.A. Ellenbroek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Behavioural Genetics ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Descent Of Man ◽  
Behavioural Sciences

Behavioural genetics is the study of the hereditary influence on behaviour, and can therefore be regarded as the intersection between behavioural sciences and genetics. As with most other fields of research it is difficult to exactly pinpoint when behavioural genetics started. In fact, one might say that the notion behavioural traits can be inherited may have appeared in human thought as early at 8000 BC, when the domestication of the dog began.The scientific era of behavioural genetics is generally considered to start with Charles Darwin. In his famous book On the Origin of Species by Means of natural Selection, or the Preservation of favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, published in 1859 (and sold out the first day), he devoted an entire chapter on instinctive behavioural patterns. Some years later, in his book The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, he clearly stated that the difference between the mind of a human being and the mind of an animal ‘is certainly one of degree and not of kind’. Moreover he gave considerable thought that mental powers (and insanity) are heritable aspects.

Antimicrobial Peptides: Phylogenic Sources and Biological Activities. First of Two Parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Magrone ◽  
Matteo Antonio Russo ◽  
Emilio Jirillo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
New Class ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Self Protection

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are phylogenetically ancient substances released by living organisms for self protection against a broad variety of microbes. Moreover, AMPs are endowed with immune modulatory activities, linking innate and adaptive immunity together. Lantibiotics are AMPs of bacterial origin currently investigated for the generation of a new class of anti-infective compounds, owing to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance against a broad variety of bacteria. Also, plants and marine AMPs are screened as novel drugs against human pathogens. Human AMPs encompass defensins and cathelicidins produced by various cell types mostly at mucosal sites. Besides their antimicrobial activity, both AMPs have been shown to trigger either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways. Food-derived AMPs are mostly represented by lactoferrin and lysozyme both present in secretions, e.g., milk, and appear to be very exploitable for the generation of functional foods. Finally, the role of natural products ingested with food or administered as supplements on induction and production of AMPs will be discussed.

A Study of Role Stress among the IT Professionals in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangini Rathore ◽  
Vandana Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
Organizational Stress ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind

Contemporary industries face new competition requiring employees to work for longer hours under competitive time bound deadlines. Prolonged exposure to such stressful situations leads to a depletion and exhaustion of resources in the mind and body; with dysfunctional effects on job performance and overall organizational effectiveness. The Indian IT industry is a fast paced service industry that is characterized by such stressful work situations and related outcomes. The present study analyses the various factors that contribute to organizational stress and the role of Demographic Factors on Role Stress; among the professionals of the Indian IT industry. A sample of 250 employees has been collected from the Delhi NCR region. Role stress has been measured by using the ORS scale which comprises of ten dimensions of role stress that are measured by 50 items. The results show that there is significant impact of demographic factors on the Role Stress amongst the IT professionals.

scholarly journals Buildings, Faces, Songs of Alienation: How Interiority Transforms the Meaning Out There

Interiority ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Pieter Marthinus De Kock
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Spatial Quality ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Mind

This paper presents a theoretical framework that explores visual meaning in the design and use of interior space. It is comprised of three main parts. The first outlines the framework and draws on several key theories. The second introduces three very different constructs as case studies that in#uence (or are a product of) spatial quality, namely: buildings, faces, and songs of alienation. The third part is a discussion about how each of these three constructs are linked to each other as well as to the idea of interiority. While architectural forms are containers of meaning, the way in which interior space is curated is driven by deeper meaning–one that transcends form and function because people ultimately produce the meaning. And because each person is different, the conditions of interiority (in this case, the meaning that resides within each person) drives the meaning of external constructs that act as enclosures of meaning (buildings and their interiors). The findings are that the mind and body can be projected beyond the facade and into the spaces contained in the buildings we occupy. The role of technology is also important because changes in technology help mediate the process of linking the meaning inside with the meaning out there.

scholarly journals Cultivation of a Problem Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Peter Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Student Projects

A problem is typically defined prior to an architectural process and the result is seen as a solution. The process as a whole is conceived as problem solving. However, the artistic element of the process is inseparable from constructing the problem. From the artistic point of view the solution is merely a derivative. Conventional understanding of artistic creation is sometimes coloured by the misconception that invention first and foremost takes place in the mind of the artist parallel or prior to the actual process. However, as far as the artistic element in an architectural process is concerned the problem cannot be abstracted from the specificity of the material, the drawings, models etc., which constitutes the project under development. The problem is an immanent relational field and invention is triggered by the difference between maker and architectural media. The aim of the paper is to portray the artistic practice as a learning process different from communication of knowledge. It proposes a kind of leaning not about improvement of skills and competences but rather concerned with the dynamics of a material field. It emphasises the role of technique and presents architectural media as the prime material field investigated by the process. The discussion uses examples of assignments and student projects developed under my supervision to demonstrate how a problem field is framed by the ordering of techniques.

scholarly journals ETHICAL FACTORS IN SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Piotr Winskowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Abstract Art ◽  
The Public ◽  
War Memorials ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Second World

The paper consists of a review of the methods of emphasizing values in spatial environment seen in the public art of the second half of the 20th century. The most influential factors – the disputable status of arts between non-artistic sphere, the evolution of abstract art (both in the sense of the geometric shapes of pieces and the conceptual potential of its idea), the environmental perspective of contemporary art to accent the relation more than the solid piece – are regarded. Polish examples of Second World War memorials (Westerplatte, Gdansk, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau) and later tragic events (the Gdansk 1970 monument) as well as foreign ones (the Walter Benjamin memorial in Portbou, Spain) are discussed in relation to the above problems. The role of the accidental factors of commemoralized events and non-artistic aspects of its memorial’s perception are emphasized. They are seen as important keys for the reconstruction of the past existential situation in the mind and body of the contemporary perceiver / interactor. In this way the relationship between a past event and the present perception is formed in a very deep, intimate way. This strategy of using spatial medium for emphasizing an ethical message is also recognized in a contemporary, temporal installation (Helsinki 2000) as some proof of its present character and a wide potential for future public art. Etiniai veiksniai erdvinėje aplinkoje Santrauka Apžvelgiamos kai kurios XX a. antrosios pusės viešumai skirto meno raidos tendencijos, išryškinusios vertybių ir jų ženklinimo erdvinėje aplinkoje slinktis. Apibrėžiami esminiai veiksniai, turėję įtakos šio laikotarpio viešumai skirto meno raidai: meno kūrinio ribų kitimas, abstraktaus ir konceptualaus meno sklaida, aplinkos svarba šiuolaikiniame mene akcentuojant ne tiek objektus, kiek jų kontekstualius ryšius. Viešumai skirto meno aspektai nagrinėjami aptariant kai kuriuos lenkų sukurtus memorialus, skirtus Antrojo pasaulinio karo aukoms (Vesterplatėje, Gdanske, Treblinkoje, Aušvice-Birkenau) ir kai kuriems vėlesniems tragiškiems visuomeniniams politiniams įvykiams atminti (1970 m. monumentas Gdanske, taip pat keli užsieniniai pavyzdžiai (Valterio Benjamino memorialas Portbou, Ispanijoje, Masaaki Nishi instaliacija Helsinkyje). Išryškinamas netikėtų sprendimų ir alternatyvių įženklinimo formų efektyvumas kuriant įtaigius atmintinius įvykius primenančius kūrinius. Daroma išvada, kad minėtos kompozicinės priemonės yra labai reikšmingos rekonstruojant praeityje buvusias situacijas ir kuriant interaktyvią suvokimo aplinką kaip etinio charakterio atspindį.

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