scholarly journals Neisseria Mucosa Does Not Inhibit the Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Abdellati ◽  
Jolein Laumen ◽  
Natalia Gonzalez ◽  
Sheeba Manoharan-Basil ◽  
Christophe Van Dijck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Neisseria Species ◽  
Neisseria Mucosa ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Commensal Neisseria ◽  
Positive Controls

Antibiotic-sparing treatments are required to prevent the further emergence of anti-microbial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Commensal Neisseria species have previously been found to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Neisseria species. For example, a previous study found that 3 out of 5 historical isolates of Neisseria mucosa could inhibit the growth of N. gonorrhoeae. In this study, we used agar overlay assays to assess if 24 circulating and historical isolates of Neisseria mucosa could inhibit the growth of 28 circulating and historical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. Although pitting around each colony of N. mucosa created an optical illusion of decreased growth of N. gonorrhoeae, we found no evidence of inhibition (n=24). In contrast, positive controls of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect against the growth of N. gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals Circulating Isolates of Neisseria mucosa do not Inhibit the Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Abdellati ◽  
Jolein Laumen ◽  
Natalia Gonzalez ◽  
Sheeba Basil ◽  
Christophe Van Dijck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Neisseria Mucosa ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Controls

We used agar overlay assays to assess if 24 circulating and historical isolates of Neisseria mucosa could inhibit the growth of 28 circulating and historical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. We found no evidence of inhibition by N. mucosa (n=24). Positive controls Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect against the growth of N. gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals Study on the extraction and antibacterial activity of Monascin

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02061
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Gao ◽  
Xiaoshi Lu ◽  
Zifeng Wang ◽  
Guangpeng Liu ◽  
Xinjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

Taking monascin as the research object, monascin was extracted from red kojic rice by ethanol extraction and extracted with 60%, 70% and 80% ethanol respectively. Finally, it was concluded that when the concentration of ethanol was 70%, the extraction rate of monascin was the highest, reached 75.68%. The bacteriostatic experiments of monascin extract and monascin fermentation showed that it had strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, weak inhibitory ability on Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, and no obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Identification of the Conjugative mefGene in Clinical Acinetobacter junii and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki A. Luna ◽  
Sydney Cousin ◽  
William L. H. Whittington ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Eikenella Corrodens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Neisseria Mucosa ◽  
Neisseria Perflava

ABSTRACT The mef gene, originally described for gram-positive organisms and coding for an efflux pump, has been identified in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter junii andNeisseria gonorrhoeae. These strains could transfer themef gene at frequencies ranging from 10−6 to 10−9 into one or more of the following recipients: gram-negative Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria perflava/sicca and Neisseria mucosa and gram-positiveEnterococcus faecalis. Three Streptococcus pneumoniae strains could transfer the mef gene intoEikenella corrodens, Haemophilus influenzae,Kingella denitrificans, M. catarrhalis,Neisseria meningitidis, N. perflava/sicca, andN. mucosa at similar frequencies. The mef gene can thus be transferred to and expressed in a variety of gram-negative recipients.

scholarly journals The Effect of Environmental Factors on Microbial Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhezqy Furwati Jufri
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Chemical factors that have inhibition based on the results of this practicum are Tetracycline and formalin. In this experiment, no type of liquid bath soap was found that inhibited the growth of E. coli. This can occur because of an error in the experimental procedure. Escherichia coli bacteria can grow optimally in the temperature range of 30 ° C. Formalin has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as Tetracycline antibiotics which can inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria.

scholarly journals Emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains harbouring a novel mosaic penA gene in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leshan Xiu ◽  
Qianqin Yuan ◽  
Yamei Li ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Lingli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Neisseria Species ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Gonorrhoeae Strain ◽  
Neisseria Perflava ◽  
Interspecies Recombination ◽  
Commensal Neisseria

Abstract Objectives The continuous emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains threatens the effectiveness of current treatment regimens for gonorrhoea. The objective of the present study was to characterize three ceftriaxone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains with a novel mosaic penA allele isolated in China. Methods Three ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains (GC150, GC161 and GC208) isolated in 2017 were characterized by N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), MLST and N. gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR). Recombination analyses were performed using the SimPlot software. Results Three strains had the same antibiotic resistance profiles, with resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC 0.5 mg/L), ciprofloxacin (MIC 8.0 mg/L), penicillin (MIC 2.0 mg/L) and tetracycline (MIC 2.0–8.0 mg/L). STs were assigned as MLST7360, NG-MAST14292 and NG-STAR1611/NG-STAR1612. The penA gene of these three strains differed from previous ceftriaxone-resistant gonococcal strains and harboured a novel mosaic allele (penA-121.001). Like N. gonorrhoeae FC428, a widely disseminated ceftriaxone-resistant strain that was initially described in Japan in 2015, all strains also possessed substitutions A311V and T483S in PBP2, which are associated with resistance to ceftriaxone. Potential recombination events were detected in penA between N. gonorrhoeae strain FC428 and commensal Neisseria species. Our results provide further evidence that the commensal Neisseria species (Neisseria cinerea and Neisseria perflava) can serve as a reservoir of ceftriaxone resistance-mediating penA sequences in clinical gonococcal strains. Conclusions The emergence of such strains may be the result of the interspecies recombination of penA genes between N. gonorrhoeae strain FC428 and commensal Neisseria species.

scholarly journals Decreased Cephalosporin Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Neisseria Species in Antibiotic-using Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hanoi, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan V Dong ◽  
Loc Q Pham ◽  
Hoa T Nguyen ◽  
Minh X B Nguyen ◽  
Trung V Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Neisseria Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Commensal Neisseria

Abstract Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections are a global health burden. NG resistance to cephalosporins, which is increasingly reported, is an imminent threat to public health. Many hypothesize that commensal Neisseria species are an important reservoir for genetic material conferring antimicrobial resistance in NG; however, clinical data are lacking. Methods Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam, completed a questionnaire regarding antibiotic use. We collected pharyngeal specimens, cultured Neisseria species, and measured minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime. Using MIC criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility in NG, we categorized the Neisseria species and compared mean MIC levels between different antibiotic user groups. Results Of 207 participants, 38% used at least 1 antibiotic in the past 6 months; 52% without a prescription. A median of 1 Neisseria species was cultured from each participant (range, 1–4) with 10 different Neisseria species identified overall. The proportion of Neisseria with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was 93%, cefpodoxime 84%, cefixime 31%, and ceftriaxone 28%. Antibiotic use within the past month was strongly associated with Neisseria species having increased MICs to cefixime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime (mean MIC ratios of 6.27, 4.11, and 7.70, respectively), compared with those who used antibiotics between 1 and 6 months prior (P < .05, all comparisons). Conclusions MSM in our study often used antibiotics without a prescription. At least 1 commensal Neisseria species colonized all men. Recent use of any antibiotics may select for oropharyngeal Neisseria species with antimicrobial resistance. The normal flora of the oropharynx may be an important source of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals Meningococcal Disease-Associated Prophage-Like Elements Are Present in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Some Commensal Neisseria Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3938-3950
Author(s):  
Barakat A Al Suwayyid ◽  
Leah Rankine-Wilson ◽  
David J Speers ◽  
Michael J Wise ◽  
Geoffrey W Coombs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Neisseria Species ◽  
Neisseria Lactamica ◽  
Integration Sites ◽  
Colonization Factors ◽  
Reference Genomes ◽  
Restriction Modification ◽  
Commensal Neisseria

Abstract Neisseria spp. possess four genogroups of filamentous prophages, termed Nf1 to 4. A filamentous bacteriophage from the Nf1 genogroup termed meningococcal disease-associated phage (MDA φ) is associated with clonal complexes of Neisseria meningitidis that cause invasive meningococcal disease. Recently, we recovered an isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ExNg63) from a rare case of gonococcal meningitis, and found that it possessed a region with 90% similarity to Nf1 prophages, specifically, the meningococcal MDA φ. This led to the hypothesis that the Nf1 prophage may be more widely distributed amongst the genus Neisseria. An analysis of 92 reference genomes revealed the presence of intact Nf1 prophages in the commensal species, Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria cinerea in addition to the pathogen N. gonorrhoeae. In N. gonorrhoeae, Nf1 prophages had a restricted distribution but were present in all representatives of MLST ST1918. Of the 160 phage integration sites identified, only one common insertion site was found between one isolate of N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. There was an absence of any obvious conservation of the receptor for prophage entry, PilE, suggesting that the phage may have been obtained by natural transformation. An examination of the restriction modification systems and mutated mismatch repair systems with prophage presence suggested that there was no obvious preference for these hosts. A timed phylogeny inferred that N. meningitidis was the donor of the Nf1 prophages in N. lactamica and N. gonorrhoeae. Further work is required to determine whether Nf1 prophages are active and can act as accessory colonization factors in these species.

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