Epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: interim results. 1th report

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lizinfeld ◽  
G.Yu. Zhuravlev ◽  
А.A. Ploskireva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Peak Value

Objective. To perform interim analysis of epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The article is based on the analysis of individual monitoring data carried out by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for January–June 2020. Results. The epidemic process in Moscow and Moscow region (MR) differed from that in other regions. In Moscow and MR,daily increase of new coronavirus cases was characterized by high absolute numbers and varied between 5.0% and 29.2% in March–April 2020. The peak (7,446 new cases) was registered on May 6; after that, the number of new cases was rapidly declining and decreased by 84.9% from the peak value by June 30. This was ensured by strict restrictive measures and effective control in Moscow and MR. In other regions, daily increase of new cases varied between 2.9% and 52.6%. The peak incidence was registered on May 21 (6,021 new cases), whereas the plateau phase was observed between May 14 and June 17, 2020 (5,808–6,021 new cases daily). Only by June 28, the number of new cases decreased by 43.8% from the peak value. During this time, the number of new cases in Moscow and MR was already 3 times lower. This can be explained by less severe restrictions in other regions. Half of patients (50.1%) had mild disease. The majority of patients were aged 41–64 (44.4%) and 18–40 years (30.2%). In the age group ≥40 years, women prevailed; however, they usually had milder disease, which was observed in all age groups ≥18 years. Conclusion. The characteristics of the epidemic process in Russia were largely determined by the restrictive measures introduced in March 2020. These measures significantly reduced both the epidemic intensity of COVID-19 and the role of children of various age groups in it. The earlier start of active circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow and MR, as well as its subsequent spread to the regions by labor migrants who returned from the capital led to a significant difference in the dynamics of new cases at the decline of the epidemic. Key words: age groups, COVID-19, Russia, severity, epidemic process.

Epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: interim results. 2nd report

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lizinfeld ◽  
G.Yu. Zhuravlev ◽  
A.A. Ploskireva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
The Russian Federation

Objective. To perform an interim analysis of epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 related to contacts and secondary cases of infection in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. We analyzed 190,856 primary COVID-19 cases and 146,996 people who had been in contact with them. We used some data of monitoring performed by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in January–June 2020. We characterized the foci of infection and people who had contacts with primary COVID-19 cases and secondary cases of infection. Results. Just over half (50.02%) of study participants who had contacts with COVID-19 contacted with primary patients with mild disease, whereas 45.40% of individuals contacted with patients with moderate disease and 4.58% of individuals had contacts with patients with severe disease. Patients with mild COVID-19 interacted with more people, which resulted in a greater number of secondary cases of infection. The highest proportion of both primary COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 was observed in the age group of 41–64 years (44.42% and 44.51%, respectively). Approximately one third of COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 were 18 to 40 years old (30.20% and 34.21% respectively). The proportions of children aged 0–6 years and 7–17 years among COVID-19 patients were 2.70% and 4.02%, respectively; the same proportions among those who had contact with COVID-19 cases were 1.94 and 3.13%, respectively. Household contacts were the most common ways of COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Patients aged between 40 and 64 years played the most significant role in the transmission of this infection in different foci. Individuals from this age group comprised 42.02% of patients infected in social institutions, 43.40% of those who had household contacts, and 47.70% of those infected at work. Conclusion. Patients with mild and moderate disease aged 18 to 64 years had the highest number of contacts and, therefore, caused the highest number of secondary cases of infection. Household contacts played the most important role in COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Among people aged 18 to 64 years, COVID-19 transmission at work was also important. In all foci of infection, the majority of patients were in the age group of 40–64 years. Our findings can be used to optimize the preventive measures for COVID-19. Key words: epidemic process, age groups, severity, contacts, COVID-19, Russia, household contacts

scholarly journals Russian Experience of Transport Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
D. A. Shelukhin ◽  
A. V. Karpov ◽  
M. V. Ketskalo ◽  
K. K. Gubarev
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Hospital Survival ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance. The present time can be called a period of accumulation of experience of national health systems in different countries of the world in the application of transport extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology at the pre- and inter-hospital stages of evacuation of patients to specialized ECMO-therapy centers. The role of such centers is to provide timely advice and, if necessary, perform inter-hospital evacuation.Material and methods. The study summarized and analyzed with the help of the national register “RosECMO” the own experience of 13 hospitals in the Russian Federation, who performed 68 inter-hospital evacuations under ECMO conditions by different modes of transport in patients of different age groups with symptoms of circulatory and respiratory failure. The following parameters were evaluated: characteristics of transport ECMO, clinical manifestations of potentially negative effects of transport, hospital survival, as well as the effect of experience (less and more than 10 cases of transport ECMO) of the presented clinics on the difference in the results obtained.Results. Connecting patients to the ECMO device reduces the likelihood of death on the SOFA and APACHE IV scales by 1.2 times (p <0.0001) and 1.4 times (p<0.0001), respectively. Despite the absence of deaths during inter-hospital transportation of patients under ECMO conditions, 14.93% of patients died within 3 days from the moment of their execution, without a significant difference in clinics with different practical experience. The overall hospital survival rate of ECMO transport scenarios in all 13 clinics of the Russian Federation was comparable to the data of the international register 48.52% versus 48.81%, at the same time it was significantly lower (1.3 times) in the group of clinics with less clinical experience 40% versus 52.08% (p<0.0001).Conclusion. The results of the first stage of the study we obtained indicate the prospects of using the method of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the stage of inter-hospital evacuation, due to the effective stabilization of the patient’s condition and a significant reduction in the risks of the likelihood of death. Clinics with less clinical experience showed significantly worse results of hospital survival of patients who underwent inter-hospital transportation under conditions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation compared to clinics with more clinical experience, which can be a significant argument in adopting a model for the development of specialized regional centers for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The experience accumulated over the past six years and the analysis of new data from the register of transport cases of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of the national healthcare system will make it possible to formulate the correct trajectory for the development of the method of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and its application, including at the stage of pre- and inter-hospital evacuations of patients.

PECULIARITIES OF SARS-COV-2 NUCLEOCAPSID IN CHILDREN DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC OF 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Popova ◽  
◽  
E.E. Andreeva ◽  
E.A. Babura ◽  
S.V. Balakhonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Determination

The aim of the study is to summarize the results of a study of seroprevalence of children to SARS-CoV-3, obtained during the implementation of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess seroprevalence to the NC antigen SARS-CoV-2 of the population of 26 regions of the Russian Federation, conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. Research methods: the study of seroprevalence in 26 model territories of the Russian Federation was carried out according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The method provided for the formation of a group of volunteers in a model federative entity, including children aged 1–17 years, in which the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid was determined in venous blood plasma by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The examination of volunteers was carried out in 3 stages: June-August, September-October, December. Results: the study found that in most of the areas surveyed, children had a higher level of seroprevalence than adults. It is shown that high seroprevalence is accompanied by statistically significant decrease in morbidity (p0.05). The analysis of seroprevalence at all three stages revealed at least 3 variants of its dynamics: 1) continuous growth of seroprevalence in parallel with the development of the epidemic process; 2) an episodic change in the periods of increase and decrease in the level of seroprevalence; 3) a continuous decrease in seroprevalence at the level of the epidemic process. Comparative determination of seroconversion levels in three age groups – 1–6, 7–13 and 14–17 years – revealed no statistically significant differences between these age groups have been identified. Conclusion: children aged 1–17 years in most of the surveyed territories of the Russian Federation have a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 than adults. The increase in seroprevalence in children is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19.

The effect of age and genotype on lung function in children with cystic fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
V. V. Shadrina ◽  
A. Yu. Voronkova ◽  
M. A. Starinova ◽  
O. I. Simonova ◽  
D. F. Sergienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Adolescent Period

Identifying the initial manifestations of pulmonary functional disorders associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) is essential for timely correction of the therapy and improvement of the prognosis.The aim of the study was to identify the age periods with the highest risk of a decrease in lung function in children with different CF genotypes.Methods. Lung function (LF) was analyzed using spirometry results in CF patients aged 6 to 18 years from the Registry of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation 2018.Results. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was statistically significantly lower in children aged 6 – 10 years with “severe” genotypes than in the children with “mild” genotypes. The lung function was reduced at 11 – 14 years of age in both “severe» and “mild” genotypes without any statistically significant difference. In general, the trend of a decrease in lung function in “severe” genotypes persists in the adolescent period from 15 to 18 years. The lung function is better in adolescents aged 15 – 18 with the “mild” variants of genotypes compared to the patients aged 11 – 14 years.Conclusion. The “severe” variants of CFTR negatively affect LF of CF patients in all age groups. The LF values in patients with “mild” genotypes at the age of 15 – 18 years were higher than in children aged 11 – 14 years with the same genotypes. There is a need for improved programs of medical care for adolescents with CF.

COMPARISON OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF FOUR AGENTS IN PERTUSSIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-337
Author(s):  
ROSE G. AMES ◽  
SOPHIA M. COHEN ◽  
A. E. FISCHER ◽  
J. KOHN ◽  
A. Z. MCPHERSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Significant Difference

The results of the study suggest that H. pertussis infection is usually a mild disease in all age groups if there is effective control of most secondary bacterial infections by penicillin. Not one of the four therapeutic agents studied, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, antipertussis rabbit serum and hyperimmune human serum, was shown to bring about prompt elimination of the signs of pertussis. On the basis of duration of the infection in the patients studied, however, only 30% were suitable clinical material for comparing therapeutic agents in pertussis. The hypothesis is advanced that prompt recovery from pertussis can be anticipated only when effective therapy is instituted early in the course of the disease; the preparoxysmal stage is recommended. While the data failed to show convincing therapeutic value of any of the four specific agents tested, they suggested some modification by each. A significant difference in degree of influence among the four treatments was not demonstrated. On the basis of toxicity, case of administration and cost, chloramphenicol is for the present the agent of choice. In a comparison of the capacity of the four treatments to eliminate H. pertussis from the nasopharynx, rabbit antiserum was best and chloramphenicol next. All four specific therapeutic agents showed some influence on the characteristic response in the white blood cell count.

scholarly journals Activity of the Epidemic Process of Enterobiasis in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
A.N. Letyushev ◽  
T.F. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance: The article describes the results of studying the activity of the epidemic process of enterobiasis, the most common parasitic disease in the Russian Federation. Our objective was to give a comprehensive assessment of the epidemic process of enterobiasis in the country based on the official data on the incidence of pinworm infection in the population and the results of parasitological studies of environmental media conducted in 2010–2017. Materials and methods: Using the methods of variation statistics, we estimated the dynamics of enterobiasis incidence and prevalence rates, studied the differences in the prevalence of enterobiasis detected during testing of suspected cases and of the general population for preventive purposes and epidemic reasons. Results: We established the role of pinworm infection in the structure of parasitic diseases, identified age groups and regions with the highest incidence and prevalence rates of enterobiasis. We observed significant differences in the prevalence of enterobiasis between Russian federal districts. The analysis of the ongoing sanitary parasitological studies helped reveal the regions of the country with a high and low frequency of detecting pinworm eggs in environmental media and the key factors activating the mechanism of transmission of pinworm eggs. Conclusions: We established that in some regions the pinworm infection was spread through the use of swimming pools, while in others it disseminated mainly through contaminated surfaces of various environmental media. At the same time, the estimated statistically significant decrease in the frequency of detecting pinworm eggs in swabs from environmental objects demonstrates the improvement of the sanitary and hygienic condition (maintenance) of epidemically significant facilities (educational establishments and other institutions).

The structure of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products among the population of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
O. O. Salagay ◽  
G. M. Sakharova ◽  
N. S. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Structure Of Consumption

In the Russian Federation, after the adoption of Federal Law “On the Protection of Citizens' Health from the Effects of Tobacco Smoke and the Consequences of Tobacco Use”, the prevalence of smoking tobacco has significantly decreased. Reducing the consumption of smoking tobacco products led to the emergence of a new aggressive policy of tobacco companies, which resulted in the emergence of new “innovative” products and the concepts of “less harmful tobacco product” or “less harmful nicotine-containing product”. The undoubtedly aggressive advertising campaigns of tobacco companies and manufacturers of electronic cigarettes have affected the smoking behavior of tobacco consumers, which has begun to change in recent years.The purpose of this study was to study new trends in the structure of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products in various age groups of the Russian Federation, as well as among men and women.Methods. Analysis of the structure of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products was carried out as part of an online public opinion poll to study the level of awareness of measures to reduce the prevalence of tobacco products in the Russian Federation, initiated in 2019 by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. A total of 1 282 respondents from 73 regions of the Russian Federation took part in the survey. Among the respondents there were 447 (34.9%) men and 835 women (65.1%) aged 18 years and younger to 70 years. To conduct a comparative analysis of the structure of use of tobacco and nicotine-containing products, the frequencies of their use in different age groups, among men and women, were calculated. A statistically significant difference between the groups was confirmed by analyzing the dependence in the contingency table using the χ2 criterion.Results. A total of 432 respondents reported the use of tobacco and nicotine-containing products, which amounted to 33.7% of all respondents. The most used products were smoking tobacco (57.64%), electronic cigarettes (34.03%) and waterpipe (33.80%). However, in different age groups, the structure of their use was significantly different (p < 0.05). The highest level of electronic cigarette use, including vapors containing nicotine and electronic nicotine delivery product, were found in the age group of 18 years and younger (58.82%). In the older age groups, a significant decrease in the level of consumption was observed. Chewing tobacco and snuff were consumed by consumers significantly less than other tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco was mainly consumed by consumers aged 18 years and younger, its level was 20.58%. The highest level of waterpipe consumption was found among consumers in the age group of 19 – 29 years (53.85%), it was slightly less in the group of 18 years and younger (44.11%). The higher level of waterpipe consumption was detected (40.35%) among women than it was among men (26.47%). Many consumers indicated that they consumed several types of tobacco and nicotine-containing products. The most popular combination of products was found among consumers under the age of 30, and 20.59% of consumers aged 18 and younger consumed at the same time almost all the types of tobacco and nicotine-containing products that were presented on the market.Conclusion. The study revealed new trends in preferences for consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products. The new trends have significantly changed the structure of the consumption of these products among the population of Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on COVID-19 in Irkutsk Region and Forecast for its Spread

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
S. V. Balakhonov ◽  
M. V. Chesnokova ◽  
A. N. Perezhogin ◽  
A. Ya. Nikitin ◽  
S. V. Kaverzina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Stationary Time Series ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Assessment of a particular territory by its epidemiological significance is very relevant in the light of widespread occurrence of new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, in the Russian Federation.Objective. Detection of the epidemiological features and revealing trends in the epidemic process of new coronavirus infection in the Irkutsk Region and forecasting of its spread.Materials and methods. An operational analysis of the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 in the Irkutsk Region as of August 16, 2020 was performed. Restrictive measures were substantiated based on the calculation of the infection spread rate (Rt).Results and discussion. Irkutsk Region remained one of the adverse territories as regards human COVID-19 incidence in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as of August 16, 2020. The gradual dynamics of the epidemic process was revealed: at the first stage of the epidemic development it was facilitated by the imported cases from affected countries and regions of the Russian Federation, and subsequently by local transmission. The incidence increase was registered 2 months later than in central regions of the Russian Federation. Currently there is a consistent downward trend. The increase in the cases prevailed among rotation workers staying for shift and seasonal activities in the administrative center and northern districts of the Irkutsk Region. The epidemic pattern was determined by gender, age and social characteristics. It is demonstrated that the risk of the new coronavirus infection is determined by the intensity of contacts in family foci, the spread of infection in medical organizations and a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers. High lethality rates (0.7 %) and mortality rates (31.1 o / oooo) were established among persons over 65 years. The stationary time series observed since June for changing the Rt-indicator with fluctuations ranging from 0.92 to 1.01 requires maintaining control of restrictive measures with prompt management decisions making based on the evolving epidemiological situation in the Irkutsk Region and taking into account the assessment of its possible complication risks. 

Analysis of vitamin D deficiency in patients of different age groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Timur Minasov ◽  
Radik Nurlygayanov ◽  
Angela Vershinina ◽  
Yulia Soboleva ◽  
Damir Akhmeldinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Physiological Values

The results of a study of the concentration of vitamin D in blood serum of 3455 residents of Ufa are presented. Physiological values of 25(OH)D were observed in 34.9 % (274) of men and 31.7 % (847) of women, which is 32.4 % (1121) of all examined. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 67.1 % of the examined. The level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of residents is on average 75 nmol/L, which is the upper limit of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among residents of this region of the Russian Federation (67.1 %).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document