scholarly journals Activity of the Epidemic Process of Enterobiasis in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
A.N. Letyushev ◽  
T.F. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance: The article describes the results of studying the activity of the epidemic process of enterobiasis, the most common parasitic disease in the Russian Federation. Our objective was to give a comprehensive assessment of the epidemic process of enterobiasis in the country based on the official data on the incidence of pinworm infection in the population and the results of parasitological studies of environmental media conducted in 2010–2017. Materials and methods: Using the methods of variation statistics, we estimated the dynamics of enterobiasis incidence and prevalence rates, studied the differences in the prevalence of enterobiasis detected during testing of suspected cases and of the general population for preventive purposes and epidemic reasons. Results: We established the role of pinworm infection in the structure of parasitic diseases, identified age groups and regions with the highest incidence and prevalence rates of enterobiasis. We observed significant differences in the prevalence of enterobiasis between Russian federal districts. The analysis of the ongoing sanitary parasitological studies helped reveal the regions of the country with a high and low frequency of detecting pinworm eggs in environmental media and the key factors activating the mechanism of transmission of pinworm eggs. Conclusions: We established that in some regions the pinworm infection was spread through the use of swimming pools, while in others it disseminated mainly through contaminated surfaces of various environmental media. At the same time, the estimated statistically significant decrease in the frequency of detecting pinworm eggs in swabs from environmental objects demonstrates the improvement of the sanitary and hygienic condition (maintenance) of epidemically significant facilities (educational establishments and other institutions).

Epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: interim results. 2nd report

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lizinfeld ◽  
G.Yu. Zhuravlev ◽  
A.A. Ploskireva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
The Russian Federation

Objective. To perform an interim analysis of epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 related to contacts and secondary cases of infection in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. We analyzed 190,856 primary COVID-19 cases and 146,996 people who had been in contact with them. We used some data of monitoring performed by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in January–June 2020. We characterized the foci of infection and people who had contacts with primary COVID-19 cases and secondary cases of infection. Results. Just over half (50.02%) of study participants who had contacts with COVID-19 contacted with primary patients with mild disease, whereas 45.40% of individuals contacted with patients with moderate disease and 4.58% of individuals had contacts with patients with severe disease. Patients with mild COVID-19 interacted with more people, which resulted in a greater number of secondary cases of infection. The highest proportion of both primary COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 was observed in the age group of 41–64 years (44.42% and 44.51%, respectively). Approximately one third of COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 were 18 to 40 years old (30.20% and 34.21% respectively). The proportions of children aged 0–6 years and 7–17 years among COVID-19 patients were 2.70% and 4.02%, respectively; the same proportions among those who had contact with COVID-19 cases were 1.94 and 3.13%, respectively. Household contacts were the most common ways of COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Patients aged between 40 and 64 years played the most significant role in the transmission of this infection in different foci. Individuals from this age group comprised 42.02% of patients infected in social institutions, 43.40% of those who had household contacts, and 47.70% of those infected at work. Conclusion. Patients with mild and moderate disease aged 18 to 64 years had the highest number of contacts and, therefore, caused the highest number of secondary cases of infection. Household contacts played the most important role in COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Among people aged 18 to 64 years, COVID-19 transmission at work was also important. In all foci of infection, the majority of patients were in the age group of 40–64 years. Our findings can be used to optimize the preventive measures for COVID-19. Key words: epidemic process, age groups, severity, contacts, COVID-19, Russia, household contacts

PECULIARITIES OF SARS-COV-2 NUCLEOCAPSID IN CHILDREN DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC OF 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Popova ◽  
◽  
E.E. Andreeva ◽  
E.A. Babura ◽  
S.V. Balakhonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Determination

The aim of the study is to summarize the results of a study of seroprevalence of children to SARS-CoV-3, obtained during the implementation of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess seroprevalence to the NC antigen SARS-CoV-2 of the population of 26 regions of the Russian Federation, conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. Research methods: the study of seroprevalence in 26 model territories of the Russian Federation was carried out according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The method provided for the formation of a group of volunteers in a model federative entity, including children aged 1–17 years, in which the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid was determined in venous blood plasma by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The examination of volunteers was carried out in 3 stages: June-August, September-October, December. Results: the study found that in most of the areas surveyed, children had a higher level of seroprevalence than adults. It is shown that high seroprevalence is accompanied by statistically significant decrease in morbidity (p0.05). The analysis of seroprevalence at all three stages revealed at least 3 variants of its dynamics: 1) continuous growth of seroprevalence in parallel with the development of the epidemic process; 2) an episodic change in the periods of increase and decrease in the level of seroprevalence; 3) a continuous decrease in seroprevalence at the level of the epidemic process. Comparative determination of seroconversion levels in three age groups – 1–6, 7–13 and 14–17 years – revealed no statistically significant differences between these age groups have been identified. Conclusion: children aged 1–17 years in most of the surveyed territories of the Russian Federation have a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 than adults. The increase in seroprevalence in children is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Epizootiological Situation on Tularemia in Russia and Neighboring Countries in 2019, the Forecast for 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V. P. Popov ◽  
A. N. Mokrievich ◽  
A. V. Kholin ◽  
A. V. Mazepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

The review provides the data on the epidemic condition of tularemia foci in countries neighboring Russia and ongoing preventive measures in these territories. The highest tularemia incidence in the stated countries and in the world as a whole is observed in Finland. In 2019, 42 cases of human infection with tularemia pathogen were recorded in the territory of the Russian Federation, 85 % of which occur in three Federal Districts: North-Western, Central, and Siberian. Epizootic manifestations of infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 51 entities of the Federation. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia are registered in 17 regions of the country. The most severe epidemic complications continue in Karelia – 9 patients. Seventeen Francisella tularensis cultures were isolated from environmental objects in the Tver, Yaroslavl, Vologda Regions, in the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic. The paper gives an opinion on the regions in which epidemic complications of tularemia are most likely to occur in 2020.

scholarly journals Results of routine medical examinations of the children’s population of the russian federation in 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Baranov ◽  
Leila S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Rimma N. Terletskaya ◽  
Elena V. Antonova ◽  
Natalya V. Ustinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical Examinations

The relevance of this research was determined by the need for enhancement and increase in the efficiency of routine medical examinations of minors in the Russian Federation. The information and statistical materials of medical examination of the children’s population in 2014 in terms of the health of various age groups in a section of federal districts and subjects were studied. The following indicators were studied: coverage of the children’s population by routine medical examination; level and structure of the revealed general and primary morbidity; frequency of dispensary registration; need for additional consultations; and researches and treatment in an outpatient clinic, a day hospital, a hospital with round-the-clock services, and sanatorium organizations as well as coverage by these medical services. A high level of coverage of minors by routine medical examinations was registered. More than one-third of the healthy children’s population passed the medical examination. The revealed general and primary morbidity of the children’s population in more than one-third of subjects is above mean Russian levels. Diseases of the respiratory organs, bone, and muscular and nervous systems are the most common among children, whereas diseases of the bone and muscular system, eyes, and respiratory organs are common among teenagers. Despite the high prevalence of chronic diseases among the children’s population, recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation were given insufficiently during routine medical examinations. Regional characteristics of the medical examination results, which allowed for the identification of the most disadvantaged areas and defects in its organization and the lack of continuity between medical institutions providing this type of service, have been established.

scholarly journals Analysis of indicators of life quality and well-being of people of older age groups in the russian federation

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
N. I. Burdaev ◽  
S. G. Sboeva ◽  
S. A. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation

Aim: to study the problems of the elderly population and the directions of optimization of the geriatric care system. Material and methods. The reports of the international study Global Age Watch Index for 2013 and 2015, the data of state statistics on demography for 2013-2017 are analyzed. The levels of demographic aging in federal districts werestudied. Using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, statistical data processing was performed. 210 respondents were interviewed in an equal gender ratio by the method of simple random sampling in Moscow and the Moscow region.Results. Based on the Global Age Watch Index global rating, an analysis was made of indicators of the quality of life and wellbeing of older people living in the Russian Federation. The factors influencing demographic aging are considered and their estimation is made on the basis of the correlation analysis on the example of four federal districts of the country. To study the motivation for the consumption of drugs by persons of older age groups, a sociological survey was conducted. A conceptual model of the geriatric service management system is proposed with the introduction of systemic unity and an integrated approach to solving organizational, financial, and scientific and methodological problems of providing geriatric care.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis, the reasons for the low position of the Russian Federation in the Global Rating of the Global Age Watch Index, including the incomplete medical personnel and the variation in per capita incomes of the population in the regions, are identified. In the course of the sociological survey, the main pharmacotherapeutic groups of drugs purchased by persons of older age groups as well as the level of expenses were identified. In addition, the respondents' opinion was revealed on optimizing the organizational and managerial structure of medical, social and pharmaceutical care, focused on active longevity, the use of the personal potential of the elderly in work activities.

scholarly journals Results of preventive medical examinations of minors in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Baranov ◽  
L. S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Rimma N. Terletskaya ◽  
E. N. Baybarina ◽  
O. V. Chumakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical Examinations

The aim of the study was the improvement and gain in the efficiency of preventive medical examinations of minors. There were studied the information and statistical materials of the dispanserization of the children population of the Russian Federation in 2014 concerning the health of various age groups in terms of Federal districts and subjects. There were analyzed indices of the coverage of the children’s population with preventive routine medical examination; level and structure of the revealed general and primary prevalence; frequency of the dispensary registration; neediness in additional consultations, examinations and treatment in the conditions of out-patient clinic, a day hospital, a hospital of the round-the-clock stay, the sanatorium organizations, as well as the coverage by these medical services. There was recorded the high level of the coverage of minors by routine medical examinations. The ration of healthy children's population was more than one third from all cases who passed medical examination. The revealed general and primary prevalence rate of the children's population in large part (more than one third) subjects has level above the Russian one. The main reasons of children’s morbidity are diseases of respiratory organs, bone and muscular and nervous systems while teenagers mostly have diseases of bone and muscular system, an eye, appendages of the eye and respiratory organs. The high prevalence of chronic diseases among the children’s population in preventive medical examinations failed to be followed by recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation in sufficient volume. Regional features of results of medical examination allowed to identify the most disadvantaged areas, to identify defects in its organization and the lack of continuity between medical institutions providing this type of services.

scholarly journals AGE AND GENDER PECULIARITIES OF CONSUMPTION OF MACROONUTRIENTS BY THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
R. M. Radzhabkadiev ◽  
V. C. Evstratova ◽  
K. V. Vybornaya ◽  
R. A. Khanferyan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Gender

The article contains the results of a survey of 11,850 persons of both sexes in eight Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. The survey was conducted on the following age groups of men and women: 12-17, 18-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years. In each group of subjects, the number of questionnaires was at least 150 persons of each sex. When comparing the consumption of macronutrients in different federal districts, it is established that there are insignificant age and gender differences in the level of their consumption. Studies have shown that the intake of proteins and carbohydrates is within the recommended consumption rates, and the fat component has been increased in the population of all federal districts of Russia.

scholarly journals Features of the Epidemic Process of Viral Hepatitis A and E in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
A. N. Kaira ◽  
O. A. Svitich
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Relevance. In the Russian Federation, in recent decades, there has been a decrease in the incidence of hepatitis A (HA), at the same time, not only sporadic morbidity is registered, but also an outbreak. A decrease in the circulation of the HA virus affected the increase in the number of people without antibodies to the virus, which led to a shift in the incidence to older age groups and an increase in more severe forms of the disease. Hepatitis E (HE) is quite widespread in the world, and its specific weight in the structure of acute viral hepatitis in some countries reaches 50.0%. HE has been registered in the Russian Federation only since 2013. only in certain territories, and the incidence rates are very low. In all likelihood, this indicates a hidden circulation of the HE virus in the Russian Federation. To understand the current epidemiological situation in the incidence of HA and HE, it is necessary to understand the current trends in the epidemic process of these infections. The purpose of this work was to compile an epidemiological characteristic of the incidence of hepatitis A and E in the population of the Russian Federation at the present stage for the formation of proposals for improving the system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of viral hepatitis A and E in the territory of the Russian Federation, including in federal districts, was carried out. The materials for the study were the forms of official statistical observation No. 2, 5, 6 and 23, as well as state reports «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being» in the Russian Federation region for 2011–2020.Results. The conducted research allows us to compare the epidemic process of hepatitis A and E in the Russian Federation with other regions of the world. The intensity of the epidemic process of HA has significantly decreased, at the same time, there is an uneven distribution of morbidity in various federal districts. In the age structure of patients with HA, the highest incidence rates are observed among the child population and adolescents. The frequency of HA infection and a decrease in the specific weight in the structure of acute viral hepatitis were revealed. Although the territory of the Russian Federation is not endemic for hepatitis E, this disease has taken root completely. The incidence of hepatitis E in the Russian Federation is at a sporadic level. The highest incidence of HE in the Russian Federation was observed among the adult population aged 18 years and older. The issue of carrying out preventive measures, including vaccination, remains relevant.Conclusion. On the territory of the Russian Federation, there is currently a steady trend of reducing the incidence of hepatitis A. However, children under the age of 14, adolescents, as well as nonimmune adults, among whom cases of diseases are registered, are still at risk. This requires adjusting the methods of preventing this infection, which is possible not only by improving sanitary and communal improvements, but also by vaccination within the national vaccination calendar, and not only for epidemic indications. The true incidence of HE today is obviously much higher than that recorded in official statistical forms, and this requires the introduction into clinical practice (especially at the polyclinic level) of modern available tests for detecting markers of the hepatitis E virus when examining patients with symptoms of liver damage, as well as the development of effective prevention methods.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Aspects of Pneumococcal Meningitis in the Russian Federation

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Koroleva ◽  
G. V. Beloshitsky ◽  
M. A. Koroleva ◽  
A. A. Mel’Nikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. Pneumococcal meningitis (PM) refers to severe manifestations of pneumococcal disease with high mortality and frequent post-infectious complications. In the context of the introduction of vaccination against pneumococcal infections in the Russian Federation healthcare practice increases the importance of close monitoring of the spread of the PM in the country, identifying areas of concern, the definition of risk and serotype structure of pneumococcus, which is an essential component of the assessment of the effectiveness of vaccination. Materials and methods. We collected 1380 cases identified by the PM on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2010 - 2014. We analyzed the incidence, mortality, mortality, age distribution, social belonging PM patients in the whole country, and in the federal districts. Determined serotype affiliation 35 pneumococcal strains isolated from patients with PM in Russia in 2015. Results. The proportion of pneumococci in the etiological structure of bacterial meningitis during the 2010 - 2014 fluctuated in the range of 18.4 - 24.8% and averaged 22.1%. The incidence of the PM in the Russian Federation in 2010 - 2014 determined at the level of 0.19, the death rate - 0.03. The level of mortality in pneumococcal meningitis in the Russian Federation in 2010 - 2014 increased from 13 (2010) to 21.1% (2014), the average was 17.1%. The most vulnerable age groups were adults over 25 years old and children up to 6 years. Among children under the age of 6 years mortality was 10.7%. The study of serotypes of 35 pneumococcal strains showed that in 2015 serotype structure of invasive pneumococcal vaccine serotypes maintained dominance, the proportion reached 75% for PCV13 and 54% for PCV10. Conclusion. The problem of pneumococcal meningitis remains valid in the Russian Federation. Active use of vaccines, especially in children, will reduce the incidence of this infection and the severity of its consequences.

Epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: interim results. 1th report

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lizinfeld ◽  
G.Yu. Zhuravlev ◽  
А.A. Ploskireva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Peak Value

Objective. To perform interim analysis of epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The article is based on the analysis of individual monitoring data carried out by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for January–June 2020. Results. The epidemic process in Moscow and Moscow region (MR) differed from that in other regions. In Moscow and MR,daily increase of new coronavirus cases was characterized by high absolute numbers and varied between 5.0% and 29.2% in March–April 2020. The peak (7,446 new cases) was registered on May 6; after that, the number of new cases was rapidly declining and decreased by 84.9% from the peak value by June 30. This was ensured by strict restrictive measures and effective control in Moscow and MR. In other regions, daily increase of new cases varied between 2.9% and 52.6%. The peak incidence was registered on May 21 (6,021 new cases), whereas the plateau phase was observed between May 14 and June 17, 2020 (5,808–6,021 new cases daily). Only by June 28, the number of new cases decreased by 43.8% from the peak value. During this time, the number of new cases in Moscow and MR was already 3 times lower. This can be explained by less severe restrictions in other regions. Half of patients (50.1%) had mild disease. The majority of patients were aged 41–64 (44.4%) and 18–40 years (30.2%). In the age group ≥40 years, women prevailed; however, they usually had milder disease, which was observed in all age groups ≥18 years. Conclusion. The characteristics of the epidemic process in Russia were largely determined by the restrictive measures introduced in March 2020. These measures significantly reduced both the epidemic intensity of COVID-19 and the role of children of various age groups in it. The earlier start of active circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow and MR, as well as its subsequent spread to the regions by labor migrants who returned from the capital led to a significant difference in the dynamics of new cases at the decline of the epidemic. Key words: age groups, COVID-19, Russia, severity, epidemic process.

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