PECULIARITIES OF SARS-COV-2 NUCLEOCAPSID IN CHILDREN DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC OF 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Popova ◽  
◽  
E.E. Andreeva ◽  
E.A. Babura ◽  
S.V. Balakhonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Determination

The aim of the study is to summarize the results of a study of seroprevalence of children to SARS-CoV-3, obtained during the implementation of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess seroprevalence to the NC antigen SARS-CoV-2 of the population of 26 regions of the Russian Federation, conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. Research methods: the study of seroprevalence in 26 model territories of the Russian Federation was carried out according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The method provided for the formation of a group of volunteers in a model federative entity, including children aged 1–17 years, in which the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid was determined in venous blood plasma by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The examination of volunteers was carried out in 3 stages: June-August, September-October, December. Results: the study found that in most of the areas surveyed, children had a higher level of seroprevalence than adults. It is shown that high seroprevalence is accompanied by statistically significant decrease in morbidity (p0.05). The analysis of seroprevalence at all three stages revealed at least 3 variants of its dynamics: 1) continuous growth of seroprevalence in parallel with the development of the epidemic process; 2) an episodic change in the periods of increase and decrease in the level of seroprevalence; 3) a continuous decrease in seroprevalence at the level of the epidemic process. Comparative determination of seroconversion levels in three age groups – 1–6, 7–13 and 14–17 years – revealed no statistically significant differences between these age groups have been identified. Conclusion: children aged 1–17 years in most of the surveyed territories of the Russian Federation have a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 than adults. The increase in seroprevalence in children is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Vaccine interchangeability: problems and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
N. A. Gavrilova ◽  
Yu. V. Olefir ◽  
V. A. Merkulov ◽  
V. P. Bondarev ◽  
E. M. Rychikhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Active Substances

Vaccines by different manufacturers are available for most of the vaccine-preventable infections covered by the National Immunisation Schedule of the Russian Federation. Determination of the possibility of replacing a vaccine in the case of routine or emergency vaccination still remains a challenging issue. The aim of the study was to substantiate the problem of vaccine interchangeability, outline specific challenges and ways of solving them, analyse criteria underlying evaluation of vaccine interchangeability in Russia, and international experience in this area. The procedure for determining the interchangeability of biological products, including vaccines, was established in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 5 September 2020, No. 1360 “On the procedure for determination of interchangeability of medicinal products for human use”. The paper analyses the applicability of the official criteria for interchangeability of biological products, including vaccines. It outlines the main problems of performing evaluation of vaccine interchangeability in accordance with the established criteria. It is concluded that the vaccine interchangeability criteria need to be clarified in order to allow for assessment of comparability of active substances, and comparison of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of vaccines, taking into account vaccination schedules for different age groups. The possibility of evaluating interchangeability based on the results of post-authorisation studies also needs clarification. It is also necessary to align patient information leaflets for interchangeable vaccines.

Epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: interim results. 2nd report

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lizinfeld ◽  
G.Yu. Zhuravlev ◽  
A.A. Ploskireva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
The Russian Federation

Objective. To perform an interim analysis of epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 related to contacts and secondary cases of infection in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. We analyzed 190,856 primary COVID-19 cases and 146,996 people who had been in contact with them. We used some data of monitoring performed by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in January–June 2020. We characterized the foci of infection and people who had contacts with primary COVID-19 cases and secondary cases of infection. Results. Just over half (50.02%) of study participants who had contacts with COVID-19 contacted with primary patients with mild disease, whereas 45.40% of individuals contacted with patients with moderate disease and 4.58% of individuals had contacts with patients with severe disease. Patients with mild COVID-19 interacted with more people, which resulted in a greater number of secondary cases of infection. The highest proportion of both primary COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 was observed in the age group of 41–64 years (44.42% and 44.51%, respectively). Approximately one third of COVID-19 patients and people who had contact with COVID-19 were 18 to 40 years old (30.20% and 34.21% respectively). The proportions of children aged 0–6 years and 7–17 years among COVID-19 patients were 2.70% and 4.02%, respectively; the same proportions among those who had contact with COVID-19 cases were 1.94 and 3.13%, respectively. Household contacts were the most common ways of COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Patients aged between 40 and 64 years played the most significant role in the transmission of this infection in different foci. Individuals from this age group comprised 42.02% of patients infected in social institutions, 43.40% of those who had household contacts, and 47.70% of those infected at work. Conclusion. Patients with mild and moderate disease aged 18 to 64 years had the highest number of contacts and, therefore, caused the highest number of secondary cases of infection. Household contacts played the most important role in COVID-19 transmission in all age groups. Among people aged 18 to 64 years, COVID-19 transmission at work was also important. In all foci of infection, the majority of patients were in the age group of 40–64 years. Our findings can be used to optimize the preventive measures for COVID-19. Key words: epidemic process, age groups, severity, contacts, COVID-19, Russia, household contacts

scholarly journals Activity of the Epidemic Process of Enterobiasis in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
A.N. Letyushev ◽  
T.F. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance: The article describes the results of studying the activity of the epidemic process of enterobiasis, the most common parasitic disease in the Russian Federation. Our objective was to give a comprehensive assessment of the epidemic process of enterobiasis in the country based on the official data on the incidence of pinworm infection in the population and the results of parasitological studies of environmental media conducted in 2010–2017. Materials and methods: Using the methods of variation statistics, we estimated the dynamics of enterobiasis incidence and prevalence rates, studied the differences in the prevalence of enterobiasis detected during testing of suspected cases and of the general population for preventive purposes and epidemic reasons. Results: We established the role of pinworm infection in the structure of parasitic diseases, identified age groups and regions with the highest incidence and prevalence rates of enterobiasis. We observed significant differences in the prevalence of enterobiasis between Russian federal districts. The analysis of the ongoing sanitary parasitological studies helped reveal the regions of the country with a high and low frequency of detecting pinworm eggs in environmental media and the key factors activating the mechanism of transmission of pinworm eggs. Conclusions: We established that in some regions the pinworm infection was spread through the use of swimming pools, while in others it disseminated mainly through contaminated surfaces of various environmental media. At the same time, the estimated statistically significant decrease in the frequency of detecting pinworm eggs in swabs from environmental objects demonstrates the improvement of the sanitary and hygienic condition (maintenance) of epidemically significant facilities (educational establishments and other institutions).

Epidemic process of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation: interim results. 1th report

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Pshenichnaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lizinfeld ◽  
G.Yu. Zhuravlev ◽  
А.A. Ploskireva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Peak Value

Objective. To perform interim analysis of epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The article is based on the analysis of individual monitoring data carried out by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for January–June 2020. Results. The epidemic process in Moscow and Moscow region (MR) differed from that in other regions. In Moscow and MR,daily increase of new coronavirus cases was characterized by high absolute numbers and varied between 5.0% and 29.2% in March–April 2020. The peak (7,446 new cases) was registered on May 6; after that, the number of new cases was rapidly declining and decreased by 84.9% from the peak value by June 30. This was ensured by strict restrictive measures and effective control in Moscow and MR. In other regions, daily increase of new cases varied between 2.9% and 52.6%. The peak incidence was registered on May 21 (6,021 new cases), whereas the plateau phase was observed between May 14 and June 17, 2020 (5,808–6,021 new cases daily). Only by June 28, the number of new cases decreased by 43.8% from the peak value. During this time, the number of new cases in Moscow and MR was already 3 times lower. This can be explained by less severe restrictions in other regions. Half of patients (50.1%) had mild disease. The majority of patients were aged 41–64 (44.4%) and 18–40 years (30.2%). In the age group ≥40 years, women prevailed; however, they usually had milder disease, which was observed in all age groups ≥18 years. Conclusion. The characteristics of the epidemic process in Russia were largely determined by the restrictive measures introduced in March 2020. These measures significantly reduced both the epidemic intensity of COVID-19 and the role of children of various age groups in it. The earlier start of active circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow and MR, as well as its subsequent spread to the regions by labor migrants who returned from the capital led to a significant difference in the dynamics of new cases at the decline of the epidemic. Key words: age groups, COVID-19, Russia, severity, epidemic process.

Analysis of vitamin D deficiency in patients of different age groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Timur Minasov ◽  
Radik Nurlygayanov ◽  
Angela Vershinina ◽  
Yulia Soboleva ◽  
Damir Akhmeldinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Physiological Values

The results of a study of the concentration of vitamin D in blood serum of 3455 residents of Ufa are presented. Physiological values of 25(OH)D were observed in 34.9 % (274) of men and 31.7 % (847) of women, which is 32.4 % (1121) of all examined. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 67.1 % of the examined. The level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of residents is on average 75 nmol/L, which is the upper limit of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among residents of this region of the Russian Federation (67.1 %).

Technique for relation global reference system and local realization of global reference system by continuously operated reference stations

2020 ◽  
Vol 962 (8) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
V.E. Tereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Global Coordinate System ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article suggests a technique for relation global kinematic reference system and local static realization of global reference system by regional continuously operated reference stations (CORS) network. On the example of regional CORS network located in the Novosibirsk Region (CORS NSO) the relation parameters of the global reference system WGS-84 and its local static realization by CORS NSO network at the epoch of fixing stations coordinates in catalog are calculated. With the realization of this technique, the main parameters to be determined are the speed of displacement one system center relativly to another and the speeds of rotation the coordinate axes of one system relatively to another, since the time evolution of most stations in the Russian Federation is not currently provided. The article shows the scale factor for relation determination of coordinate systems is not always necessary to consider. The technique described in the article also allows detecting the errors in determining the coordinates of CORS network in global coordinate system and compensate for them. A systematic error of determining and fixing the CORS NSO coordinates in global coordinate system was detected. It is noted that the main part of the error falls on the altitude component and reaches 12 cm. The proposed technique creates conditions for practical use of the advanced method Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in some regions of the Russian Federation. Also the technique will ensure consistent PPP method results with the results of the most commonly used in the Russian Federation other post-processing methods of high-precision positioning.

Judicial Resolution of Issues Related to the Movement of Underages Without Accompanying Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
I. V. Botantsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every citizen has the right to freedom of movement on its territory, but due to the fact that minors cannot be held accountable for their actions, there is a need to control their movement by legal representatives. The practical determination of the age of independent travel of minors and the issues of drawing up documents by parents authorizing them to do so are the subjects of disputes that are subject to judicial resolution. The article provides an analysis of the relevant practice, accompanied by the author's comments.

MORBIDITY, MORTALITY AND RELIABILITY OF ACCOUNTING OF PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS WITH LIVER CANCER IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
В. К. Гуркало ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Рак печени (РП) - тяжелейшая онкопатология. В России смертность превышает число первично-учтенных больных в среднем. Ежегодно в России регистрируют более 8 тыс. (8 810 - в 2018 г.) случаев рака печени и более 10 тыс. (10 018 - в 2018 г.) случаев смерти от этой причины. Использованы стандартные методы медицинской статистики, все зарегистрированные первичные случаи РП в России. Углубленная разработка материала проведена на основе базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра Северо-Западного Федерального округа РФ. Проанализированы данные всего комплекса доступной информации в целом по России. Установлен прирост заболеваемости РП населения России за 18 лет в «грубых» показателях и абсолютных числах на 20% и в стандартизованных - на 1,22%. У женщин отмечено снижение учтенных случаев РП на 4,55%. Смертность населения России в стандартизованных показателях снизилась за 18 лет практически на 3%. Превышение числа умерших над заболевшими от РП существенно возрастает в старших возрастных группах. Индекс достоверности учета (ИДУ) - это отношение абсолютных чисел или «грубых» показателей смертности населения к заболеваемости. Для всех злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) величина в среднем по России составила 0,47, практически совпадающая со среднеевропейской. ИДУ у мужчин - 0,55, выше расчетных показателей для женщин - 0,40, что в первую очередь связано с более благоприятной структурой заболеваемости женщин ЗНО. Медиана выживаемости первичных больных РП составляет немногим более 3 мес. Пятилетняя выживаемость больных РП даже на ранних стадиях составляет у лиц моложе 60 лет с I стадией - 25,3%, старше 60 лет - только 17,2%, со II стадией - 17,9 и 11% соответственно. Liver cancer is a severe oncopathology. Mortality exceeds the number of primary-accounted patients in Russia on average. Every year in Russia more than eight thousand (8 810 in 2018) cases of liver cancer and more than 10 000 (10 018 in 2018) deaths from this cause are registered. Used Standard methods of medical statistics, all registered primary cases of liver cancer in Russia. In-depth development of the material was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the data of the whole complex of available information in Russia as a whole is carried out. In-depth data development was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The increase in the incidence of liver cancer in Russia over 18 years in «rough» indicators and absolute numbers by 20 % and in standardized by 1,22 % was established. In women, there was a decrease in reported cases of liver cancer by 4,55 %. The mortality rate of the Russian population in standardized indicators has decreased by almost 3 % over 18 years. The excess of the number of deaths over those from liver cancer increases significantly in older age groups. The index of reliability of accounting is the ratio of absolute numbers or «rough» indicators of mortality to morbidity. For all malignant tumors, its value on average in Russia was 0,47, almost coinciding with the average European. The index of reliability of accounting for men is 0,55, higher than the calculated indicators for women - 0,40, which is primarily due to a more favorable structure of the incidence of malignant tumors in women. The median survival of primary liver cancer patients is a little more than three months. The fi ve-year survival rate of patients with liver cancer even in the early stages is in the first among persons younger than 60 years - 25,3 %, over 60 years - only 17,2 %, in the second, respectively, 17,9 and 11%.

scholarly journals The religious identity of Muslim youth. A socio-psychological approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
V. A. Shorokhova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Age Groups

The article offers a socio-psychological analysis of religious identity structure of Muslim youths who live in the Russian Federation. The research was conducted in the Chechen Republic (city of Grozny). The two groups of respondents were selected, the high school pupils (9–10th grades) and students (1–2 year). In order to study their religious identity was applied a “Religious identity components” questionnaire. The original version of this tool was developed by D. Van Camp, it was adapted to the Russian circumstances by V. A. Shorokhova and subsequently developed by O. S. Pavlova. The results of the study prove that religious identity of the two age groups in both cases remains the same, i.e. the four-factor model, regardless the respondents’ age. However, there are still some specific features as applied to each group.

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