scholarly journals Utilization of liquid product through pyrolysis of LDPE and C/LDPE as commercial wax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasret Akgün ◽  
Ece Yapıcı ◽  
Zerrin Günkaya ◽  
AYSUN ÖZKAN ◽  
Müfide Banar
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Background In this study, pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE with aluminum (C/LDPE) wastes was carried out with different heating rates (5-10-20°C/min) at different temperatures (400-600-800°C). The effect of temperature and heating rate on liquid product yield was investigated. Product yields of LDPE and C/LDPE wastes were compared, and optimum liquid products were analyzed to utilize as commercial waxes for future use. Methods To determine the parameters of pyrolysis wastes was investigated with proximate, elemental analysis, and TGA. The as-produced liquid from pyrolysis of wastes was characterized by different characteristic tools, such as elemental analyses, GC-MS analyzes, 1H-NMR tests, FT-IR spectra, the density, melting point, and carbon residue to compare commercial waxes. The characterization process was continued for the parameters with the optimum liquid products. Results As a result of pyrolysis, the highest liquid product yield was achieved at 800°C with 5°C/min heating rate (85.87 %), and at 600°C with 5°C/min heating rate (71.3 %) for LDPE and C/LDPE, respectively. The results indicated that the derived liquid products are similar to commercial heavy wax.

Properties of bio-oil and bio-char produced by sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis in a stainless steel tubular reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Guida ◽  
A. Hannioui
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, compositional analysis of the products obtained by thermal degradation of sugar cane bagasse at various pyrolysis temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750 and 800 °C) and heating rate (5, 10, 20 and 50 °C/min) was studied. Sugar cane bagasse was pyrolyzed in a stainless steel tubular reactor. The aim of this work was to experimentally investigate how the temperature and heating rate affects liquid and char product yields via pyrolysis and to determine optimal condition to have a better yield of these products. Liquid product (bio-oil) obtained under the most suitable conditions were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, C-NMR and HNMR. In addition, column chromatography was employed to determine the aliphatic fraction (Hexane Eluate); gas chromatography and FT-IR were achieved on aliphatic fractions. For char product (bio-char), the elemental chemical composition and yield of the char were determined. The results of our work showed that the amount of liquid product (bio-oil) from pyrolysis of sugar cane bagasse increases with increasing the final temperature and decreases with increasing the heating rate. The highest yield of liquid product is obtained from the samples at 550 °C and at the heating rate of 5°C/min, the maximal average yield achieved almost 32.80 wt%. The yield of char generally decreases with increasing the temperature, the char yield passes from 39.7 wt% to 21 wt% at the heating rate of 5°C/min and from 32 wt% to 17.2 wt% at the heating rate of 50 °C/min at the same range of temperature (300–800 °C). The analysis of bio-oil showed the presence of an aliphatic character and that it is possible to obtain liquid products similar to petroleum from sugar cane bagasse waste. The solid products (bio-char) obtained in the presence of nitrogen (N2) contain a very important percentage of carbon and high higher heating values (HHV).

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Inner Transition Metals with Lansoprazole and Cytosine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Verma ◽  
Sarita Shrivastva ◽  
Rashmi Shrivastva
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Ternary Complexes ◽  
Bidentate Ligands ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Stability Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Inner Transition Metals

Few complexes of inner transition metals [Th(IV), Ce(IV), Nd(III), Gd(III)] have been synthesized by reacting their metal salts with lansoprazole, 2-([3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzoimidazole and cytosine. All the complexes were synthesized in ethanolic medium. The yield percentage rangs from 80 to 90%. The complexes are coloured solids. The complexes were characterized through elemental analyses, conductance measurements, and spectroscopic methods (FT IR, FAB Mass,1H NMR and UV). An IR spectrum indicates that the ligand behaves as bidentate ligands. The metal complexes have been screened for their antifungal activity towardsAspergillus nigerfungi. The interaction of inner transition metals with lansoprazole, in presence of cytosine, has also been investigated potentiometrically at two different temperatures26±1°C and36±1°C and at 0.1 M (KNO3) ionic strength. The stability constants of ternary complexes indicate the stability order as Th(IV) < Ce(IV) < Gd(III) < Nd(III).logKvalues obtained are positive and suggest greater stabilization of ternary complexes. The values of thermodynamic parameters (free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) are also calculated.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl-2-aminopyridine-4-carboxylate Derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nagashree ◽  
P. Mallu ◽  
L. Mallesha ◽  
S. Bindya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Ft Ir

A series of methyl-2-aminopyridine-4-carboxylate derivatives,3a–f,were synthesized in order to determine theirin vitroantimicrobial activity. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, FT-IR, and1H NMR spectral studies. Among the synthesized compounds,3cand3dshowed good antimicrobial activity compared to other compounds in the series.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Trivalent Cerium Complexes of p-tert-Butylcalix[4,6,8]Arenes: Effect of Organic Solvents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hasan Zahir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Electronic Absorption ◽  
Electronic Absorption Spectra ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Protic Solvents ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Molar Extinction Coefficients

Reaction of Ce3+with p-tert-butylcalix[n]arene (n=4,6,8) yields purple crystalline complexes structurally as [Ce(p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-3H)2(NO3)(DMF)x](2 −x)DMF (1), [Ce(p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene-4H)2(NO3)(DMF)x](3 −x)DMF (2), and [Ce(p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene-7H)2(NO3)(DMF)6] (3), whereDMF=N,N-dimethylformamide. The properties and coordination characteristics of the three calixarene complexes were determined by elemental analyses, electronic absorption, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS), TG-DTA, FT-IR, SEM, and1H-NMR spectroscopy. The effect of various organic solvents on complexes1,2, and3has been discussed based on results from electronic absorption spectra. The polar protic solvents showed the most significant molar extinction coefficients in comparison with those of nonpolar and polar aprotic solvents. The Ce3+ions in the complexes are proved to combine with the ligand phenolic groups, oxygen atoms of DMF molecules, and/or OH−ions.

scholarly journals Optimized Heating Rate and Soot-catalyst Ratio for Soot Oxidation over MoO3 Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congwei Mei ◽  
Deqing Mei ◽  
Shan Yue ◽  
Zong Chen ◽  
Yinnan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Surface Microstructures ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Lower Heating

MoO3 is now utilized as a promising catalyst due to its high activity and favorable mobility at low temperature. Its spectral data and surface microstructures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Thermo-analysis of the carbon black was performed over nano-MoO3 catalyst in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at various heating rates and soot-catalyst ratios. Through the analysis of kinetic parameters, we found that the heat transfer effect and diffusion effect can be removed by setting lower heating rates and soot-catalyst ratios. Therefore, a strategy for selecting proper thermogravimetric parameters were established, which can contribute to the better understanding of thermo-analytical process. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 4th December 2016; Revised: 13rd June 2017; Accepted: 9th April 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Mei, C., Mei, D., Yue, S, Chen, Z., Yuan, Y. (2017). Optimized Heating Rate and Soot-catalyst Ratio for Soot Oxidation over MoO3 Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (3): 408-414 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.845.408-414 

The Effect of Heating Rate and Temperature on Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of β-TCP by Microwave Sintering

2017 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Chuthathip Mangkonsu ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor ◽  
Banhan Lila ◽  
Kawashita Masakazu
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Sintered Sample ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Microwave Furnace ◽  
Different Temperatures

This aim of this work was to evaluate the influences of the heating rates and sintering temperatures for sintering β-TCP by microwave furnace. In the first part of work, the heating rates used for sintering β-TCP were including 10, 20, 30 and 40°C/min. Results from physical and mechanical analysis shown that the optimum properties were shown by samples produced at heating rate of 30°C/min. In the second part of the study, the heating rate of 30°C/min was continuing used to sintering samples by different temperatures (1200°C, 1250°C and 1300°C). The sintered sample at 1200°C presented the optimum properties in the physical and mechanical analysis. Finally, the sintered samples by the heating rate 30°C/min at 1200°C were in immersed in SBF to confirm the bioactivity property of β-TCP.

Experiments on Thermosyphon Loops for Low-Temperature Waste-Heat Recovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Matsubara ◽  
Suguru Tachikawa ◽  
Itaru Kourakata ◽  
Yusaku Matsudaira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Flow Circulation ◽  
Flow Map

We tested a thermosyphon loop with water as the working fluid using heating rates between 100 W and 400 W. Four kinds of core blocks were installed in the evaporator and tested: a hollow block, and blocks with narrow holes: Φ 2.2 mm × 90; Φ 2.5 mm × 55; and Φ 4.0 mm × 30. The temperature distribution indicated stable flow circulation inside the thermosyphon at low volume ratios but was unstable when the volume ratio was increased higher than 30%. The characteristics of the flow pattern are summarized as a flow map showing the heating rate versus the volume ratio. The recovered heat and the thermal resistance of the thermosyphon loop were clearly improved by using the core blocks with narrow holes instead of hollow blocks for the treated volume ratios from 20% to 80%. The thermal resistance increased when the volume ratio reached high values, suggesting that the effects from the abnormality of the flow circulation affected thermal resistance. The velocity of the gas stream in the thermosyphon was estimated by assuming an isothermal state, and it is diagrammed showing the heating rate at different temperatures. The current experiment of the thermosyphon loop is plotted in this diagram, which indicates the need for a wide margin due to the limitations of the sonic velocity and the pressure head at the full height of the heat pipe.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrimidine Salts with Chloranilic and Picric Acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mallikarjunaswamy ◽  
D. G. Bhadregowda ◽  
L. Mallesha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Pyrimidine salts such as 2-methyl-5-nitro-phenyl-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-amine (1) and 4-methyl-3-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-yl-amino)-phenyl-amine (2) with chloranilic and picric acids were synthesized, and theirin vitroantibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, UV-visible, FT-IR, and1H NMR spectral studies. Compound2aexhibited good inhibition towards antimicrobial activity compared to the other compounds.

THE RESULT OF INVESTIGATION OF COAL FROM CHANDGANA TAL DEPOSIT

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Tsatsral G ◽  
Narangerel J ◽  
Purevsuren B
Keyword(s):  
Mild Condition ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Organic Composition ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analyses ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Proximate and ultimate analyses showed that Chandgana Tal coal has the following properties; Wa-13.29%, Ad-12.43%, Vdaf-44.98%, Qdaf-5914 kcal/kg, C-67.56%, H-5.79%, S-1.67%, N-1.18% and O-23.8%. Pyrolysis of coal was performed at 200-700оС using small quartz reactor. With increasing temperature of pyrolysis, the yield of hard residue decreased, while the yield of tar and pyrolytic water increased. The yield of coal tar was maximum at 700оС, and reached 4.8%. At this stage, coal was pyrolized in a bigger scale retort of laboratory. The tar was separated from water and analysed by FT-IR and organic composition. Thermolysis experiments were also performed in order to explore the possibility of obtaining liquid products under mild condition. The results show that 23.5% of liquid product can be obtained at 450оC with coal to tetralin ratio (1:1.8).

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